मानिसलाई एक ठाउँबाट अर्को ठाउँमा बेच्ने कार्यलाई मानव बेचबिखन भनिन्छ । मानव बेचबिखन नेपाललगायत अन्य देशमा भइरहेको प्रमुख समस्या हो । अन्य अल्प विकसित देशमा जस्तै नेपालमा पनि मानव बेचबिखन बढ्दै गएको छ । नेपाल अल्प अविकसित राष्ट्र हो । नेपालका साना बालबालिका र महिलाहरूलाई भारत वा नेपाल भित्रका विभिन्न ठाउँमा बेच्ने गरेकाे हामीले सुन्दै आएका छाैँ । महिला र बालबालिकाका मात्र नभएर केटाहरू पनि तस्करहरूबाट बेचबिखन हुने गरेका छन् ।
खासगरी बालबालिका र महिलाहरू अपहरणकारीहरूको निशानामा हुन्छन् । पैसाका लागि महिला र बालबालिका बेचिन्छन् । खासगरी नेपालमा ग्रामीण तथा सहरी क्षेत्रका बालबालिका र महिलालाई रोजगारी र केही पैसाको आशमा लैजाने तर पछि वेश्यावृत्ति वा श्रममा श्रममा लगाउने गरिन्छ । यसरी मानिस बेचिनुकाे मुख्य कारण अशिक्षा  हो । मानव बेचबिखनका विभिन्न कारणहरू छन् । तीमध्ये केही यौन बेचबिखन, जबरजस्ती श्रम, मानव तस्करी र मानव अङ्गको ओसारपसार हुन् ।
नेपालका ग्रामीण क्षेत्रका महिलाहरू बेचबिखनकाे बढी सिकार हुने गरेका छन् । उनीहरूलाई अपहरण गर्न चाहनेहरूले उनीहरूलाई जागिर वा पैसाको आशा देखाउँछन् । धेरै बालबालिकालाई वेश्यावृत्तिमा लगाउने गरेको पाइन्छ । बालबालिका र महिलाको अशिक्षाका कारण उनीहरू बेचिने गरेका छन् । कतिपय बालबालिका र महिलाहरूलाई आफ्नै परिवारका सदस्यहरूले भारतीय वेश्यालयमा बेचेका छन् । तस्करहरूले अशिक्षित व्यक्तिहरू र परिवारका सदस्यहरू कम भएका व्यक्तिहरूलाई खोज्छन् ।
बेचबिखनमा परेका युवतीहरूलाई केही मात्रामा खाना मात्र दिइन्छ र कहिलेकाहीँ थोरै रकम पनि दिइन्छ । कैयौँ निर्दोष बालबालिकालाई आफ्नै परिवारका सदस्यहरूले यौन बेचबिखनमा बेचेका छन् । नेपालमा हुने मानव ओसारपसारमध्ये जबर्जस्ती श्रम पनि एक हो । यसरी बेचिएका मानिसहरूलाई जबरजस्ती काम गराउने कार्यलाई जबरजस्ती श्रम भनिन्छ । साना उमेरका बालबालिका पनि मजदुरी गर्न बाध्य छन् । जबर्जस्ती श्रममा घरभाडा, ऋण आदि तिर्न नसक्नेलाई फसाएर काममा लगाइन्छ ।
मानव बेचबिखन एउटा निन्दनीय र आपराधिक कार्य हाे । यस्ताे कार्यमा सहभागी जाे काेहीलाई कडा सजाय दिनुपर्छ र पीडितलाई क्षतिपूर्ति दिनुपर्छ । मानिस बजारमा पाइने कुनै सामान वा वस्तु हाेइन ।  शिक्षा र चेतना फैलाएर मानव बेचविखन राेक्नु राज्य र नागरिक दुवैकाे कर्तव्य हो ।
 

Attachment is very much connected to fear and addiction, and has more to do with loving ourselves than loving others:

No relationship is perfect. No matter how much we want it to be perfect, it will never be perfect- it is always good before it gets bad; it is always easy before it gets hard; and it always feels perfect before it gets real. We would always want to see the best in each other before we could bring the worst out of each other. As the connection gets deeper and the attachment gets stronger, that is exactly when we bring our true selves to our loved ones; we start revealing our dark sides and all the flaws we carry. It is then, when the problems and differences start to settle in. This is where most people give up because it is difficult to handle someone who is completely a different person with different flaws, and perhaps we sometimes fail to understand different opinions and perceptions. It is not about being with someone better or having that perfect relationship, it is all about knowing the value of what we have right in front of us and making it work despite the challenges it could bring. Sure, it feels amazing when two people could get along and of course, it feels miserable when these two people argue; but the beauty is being able to always find our ways back to each other when we are on the verge of losing one another even when the argument was quite massive. So, there might not be such a thing as a perfect relationship, but perhaps, a beautiful one(?)
 

‘The root of suffering is attachment.’- The Buddha.

Well, loving life around us, people around us, is a natural process and love is a liberating force whereas attachment is an entangling process. We must understand this: attachment does not mean affection, attachment does not mean love, attachment does not mean fondness for somebody; attachment simply means that we are stuck in some situation in such a way that we end up all messy with our obsessions. Bonding, on the other hand, is fine- attachment is bondage. If we choose to bond with every life around us, there should not be any problem; but if we create ‘bondage’ or obsessive attachment, then we are probably destroying ourselves and the possibility of the fundamental longings within us, which is freedom. If we are born in this generation or anywhere, the only goal for us should be to become free; to go beyond all bondages and attachments with the source of creation. Attachment is not a joke- literally we feel physical pain when we miss certain people. But we have to make ourselves free from emotional dependencies and only then, we would be able to achieve the true sense of freedom. 


 

जसरी हामी विकासको निकास खोज्दै सगरमाथाको शिखरमा पुग्नका लागि सुरुवात फेदबाट गर्छाैँ त्यसरी नै कुनै पनि राष्ट्रको विकासको लागि चाहिने फेद भनेकै वातावारणीय दिगोपन हो ।  ब्रह्माण्डको उत्पत्तिसँगै आजको २१ औँ शताब्दीसम्म आएका हामी मनिसले नै वातावरणको दिगोपनका लागि महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेका हुन्छाैँ  ।
अहिले वातावरण प्रदूषण विश्वव्यापी समस्याको रूपमा बढिरहेको छ । वातावरण विनाशको फलस्वरूप आजको २१औँ शताब्दीमा एक दशकदेखि प्रत्यक्ष रूपमै  असरहरू  देखिएका छन् । जसमा जलवायु परिवर्तन, हिमगलन, समुद्री सतहमा वृद्धि, अतिवृष्टि, हरित ग्यास उत्सर्जनमा वृद्धि, अनावृष्टि, सुख्खा खडेरी । यो  सबैको कारण अन्य केही नभएर मानवीय गतिविधि हो । यस्तो अवस्थामासमेत मौन देखिएका हामी कति निर्लज्ज रूपमा समस्यालाई निर्मूल गर्नतिर लाग्नुको साटो अझ समस्या बढाउने पक्षमा उभिएका छौँ भन्ने देख्न र महसुस गर्न सकिन्छ ।

हालैको जनगणना २०७८ ले १४ लाख ७१ हजार ८ सय ६७ जनसङ्ख्या रहेको जनाएको काठमाडौँ जिल्लामा मात्रै दैनिक  १ हजार ४५ मेट्रिक टन फोहोरको उत्पादन हुने गर्दछ । भविष्यमा हुने भनिएको सिसडोल ल्यान्डफिल साइटबाट बञ्चरेसम्म भिभिन्न  कठिनाइहरूमा आजका हामी जल्दाबल्दा युवावर्गले नै फोहर व्वस्थापनका लागि  घरैबाट सानो सहयोग र कर्तव्यको  निर्वाह गरिदिने हो भने  नयाँ नेपाल पुनःनिर्माणमा ठुलो सहयोग पुग्छ ।

अहिले हामी नीति नियमलाई सङ्ग्राहलयमा कैद गरेर वातावरण दुरूपयोगको बर्को ओडेर महान र विकसित भन्ने अभियानमा लागेका छौँ । कसैले कागले कान लग्यो भनी सुनेकै भरमा कान नछामी कागका पछाडि पछाडि दौडन्छन् । विकास गर्नु नराम्रो कुरा होइन तर प्रकृतिलाई नष्ट गर्नु नराम्रो कुरा हो । यदि वातावरणको अस्तित्व नभएको भए हामी पनि अस्तित्वमा हुने थिएनौँ । हाम्रो विकासको कारण वातावरण नै हो । यदि हामीले हाम्रो वातावरणलाई हानी पुर्यायाैँ भने अब आउने पुस्तालाई धेरै अप्ठ्याराे हुन्छ । त्यसकारण हामीले हाम्रो वातावरणलाई पुर्खाको नासो सम्झेर रक्षा गर्नुपदर्छ । आजका हामीले मैले नगरे कसले गर्ने आज नगरे कहिले गर्ने भन्ने भावना आफूमा आत्मसात गरेर घर, समाज र राष्ट्रमा वातावरणीय दिगोपनका लागि सहयोग गर्नुपर्दछ ।

वेदमा पनि  भनिएको छ, वायुमा जीवनदायी शक्ति छ । त्यसैले,  नदीनाला आदिमा फोहोर नफाल्ने, र फोहोर भए सफा गर्ने, प्लास्टिकको प्रयोग घटाउँदै यसलाई त्यागिदिने,जनचेतनामूलक कार्यक्रमहरू  गर्ने , कलकारखाना सुरक्षित तरिकाले निश्चित स्थानमा मात्र खोल्ने, रुख बिरुवा बर्सेनी रोप्ने, जस्ता काम गर्यो भने  केही हदसम्म भए पनि वातावरण प्रदूषण कम हुन्छ । फोहोरमैला व्यवस्थापनमा नागरिकको कर्तव्य रहेकोले आफनो घरघरबाट उत्पादन हुने फोहरलाई नियन्त्रण तथा व्यवस्थापन गर्न सकिन्छ । आगामी दिनमा नागरिक सचेतनामार्फत् स्वच्छ वातावरणका लागि आवश्यक  नीति निर्माण गर्न र कार्यान्वयनमा ल्याउन आवश्यक छ । 
पृथ्वीबाहिर जीवन खोज्ने होइन, यहाँ भएको जीवन बचाउन सके मात्र बल्ल सबैको भलाइ हुनेछ । प्रकृतिसँग खेल्ने होइन, प्रकृतिलाई सुसज्जित गर्दै दिगोपना खोज्नु आजको आवश्यकता हो । विश्व वातावरण दिवस मनाइरहँदा नारामा मात्र नभई व्यवहारमा सबै उतार्न सक्ने हो भने अवश्य पनि फेरि हामी सबैले पृथ्वीको नवीन सूर्योदय महसुस गर्न सक्नेछौँ । जनमानसमा यो अवस्थाको गाम्भीर्य बुझाउँदै चेतना छर्न सके पृथ्वीको सकिन लागेको आयुले पक्कै सञ्जीवनी बुटी पाउने छ । अन्त्यमा जसरी बगेर खेर गइरहेको नदीमा बाध बढेर ऊर्जा निस्कन्छ त्यसैगरी खेर गइरहेको यो वातावरणलाई नीतिनियम ल्याएर आजका हामी युवावर्गले वातावारणीय दिगोपनालाई प्रोत्साहन गर्नुपर्छ ।

MITM which is also known as (Man in the Middle) Attack is a cyber attack carried by intercepting a connection between a router or internet source and its client device. In this attack, the attacker intercepts the connection between an internet source and the victim which allows the attacker to read internet packets sent from a client device to router or gateway. If packets sent from a victim’s device are not encrypted, then it is very easy for an attacker to read packages.

Example: Suppose you are the victim and I am the attacker. You would be connected to the same WIFI in which I would be connected to; before I start attacking, your device would be sending and receiving internet packets (data) directly from the gateway or router to your device. In this way, there would be no one between the router and your device. But as soon as I start this attack, everything should change. The packets you would send from your device are first received by me or the attacking device then I could read and modify the data sent from your device and then I could also send it to the router or gateway and the same applies in receiving packets from gateway to your device. In this process, if your device sends unencrypted packets then I would be able to read those easily.

How to prevent it: First of all, these days, many routers don't support or allow this attack, but in places like schools, hospitals, etc. there seem to be less secure connections. At this point, if you login to sites that don’t use http(s) protocol and if someone is running an MITM attack, then the attacker can easily read and make use of your credentials. A very good example of an unsecured site that doesn't have secured protocol would be : http://system.deerwalkfoods.com which is often used by students, teachers, and other staff in deerwalk. Here, in this site you can see that it only supports http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) where it should be using https(Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) to prevent such attacks. Using an SSL certificate and enabling SSL port in the web host of the site can result in the site to be secured.

People are mostly vulnerable to such attacks in public WIFI’s and other free WIFI. It doesn’t mean that is not possible in the home network but the possibility of being its victim is high in such places. From your side, you can prevent MITM attacks by using VPN which secures the connections and data sent from your device. It is the easiest way to prevent MITM Attack.

Some most common MITM attacks are:

HTTP Spoofing
ARP Poisoning
Email hijacking
Session hijacking
Cache Poisoning,etc.

You might have been a victim of this attack already, maybe in school or other places. So make sure you use secured connections, secured sites and most importantly, secured VPNs from now onwards.
 

रिसाएर बसे पनि फकाउने आमा नै हुन् ।
मिठो चोखो केही पाके चखाउने आमा नै हुन् ।।

आमाजस्तो अर्को कोही हुन्न ममतामयी ।
गाली गरे पिटे पनि हँसाउने आमा नै हुन् ।।

डराउँछिन् कुलतमा लाग्छन् कि सन्तान भन्दै
सत्य बाटो लाग भनी सम्झाउने आमा नैहुन् ।

आमा मात्र संसारमा निःस्वार्थ माया गर्ने
पीडा आफू खेपी सन्तान जन्माउने आमा नै हुन् ।

जति सन्तान भए पनि अटाउँछिन् हृदयमा
नजानेका कुरा सिकाउने नि आमा नै हुन् ।
 

To travel is to discover places in the world. Travel is a very important aspect of education and our life, an experience to learn on personal levels with hands-on experience. When people travel to new places, they remember information faster and retain it longer just by experiencing it. Traveling from one part to other parts of any country provides us the opportunity to see various cultures and societies. It also enables a person to learn manners, different customs, languages and the history of different places. On the other hand, traveling to a new place gives us altogether a different experience. All of these travels will add up to a worldly view that would remain like a feeling of connection with people, places and events from all over the whole world. 
In the past few years it has become pretty common for people to travel from one country to another country as a part of their educational programme or for entertainment purposes. As joyful as it is to read about places and people, to experience a personal visit to these places, and interact personally with people allow us to understand and even appreciate different places in a more lasting and significant way; our minds open up to new things, people, places and new experiences. Traveling is one of the best and most entertaining ways to get an education. Schools are great ways to learn and build your knowledge base but travel takes what you have already learnt and it expands, and makes us skillful.
 

सबै भन्छन् मलाई सधैँ,
“तिमी कसरी यति धेरै मुस्कुराउन सक्छ्याै ?
तिमीलाई  दुःख छैन ?”
प्रश्न गर्छन् मलाई ।
रुने कारण छरप्रस्ट नभएका पनि हाेइनन् ,
म निकै  नै अटेरी छु ।

मुस्कुराउने बाहाना खोजिरहन्छु, 
रोएको कसैले देखेनन्  ।
देखे पनि कसले बुझेनन्। 
त्यसकारण मैले आफूले आफैँलाई, 
वाचा गरेकी छु  ।
दुख भुलाउन भए पनि म ,
दुनियाको अगाडि मुस्कुराइरहने छु ।

कहिले  रोएको देखेर शत्रुले, 
केही भन्छन् कि भनेर 
कहिले  रोएको देखेर समाजले
कायर भन्छ कि भनेर,
सधैँ यो ओठमा आफैँ हाँसो आइरहन्छ  ।
गज्जब अटेरी मन छ, 
न मुस्कुराऊँ म भने पनि 
आफैँ मुस्कान आइहाल्छ  ।

Once upon a time, there existed two beautiful cities. Both were known for their unparalleled beauties. Not even the King’s palace was anyway a comparison to these two cities. The two cities were inhabited by two frogs; both lived at some streams present in the two cities.
The frog who lived in city A wanted to witness the beauty of city B while the frog who lived in city B wanted to witness the beauty of city A. So one fine day, both the frogs packed their luggages and decided to visit  each other's cities. The journey was very tiring and both of them had no idea how much more they had to travel in order to reach the other cities. Between the two cities, there was a huge mountain, and to reach the other cities, they both had to climb the mountain.
It took a long way for them to reach the top, and there they were at the top of the mountain, and to their surprise, the two frogs met each other in the middle of their ways! Both the frogs in their tiring respective journeys, finally met each other and had a long conversation regarding their personal life and their respective cities. They both loved how they wanted to visit each other’s cities. 
‘I wish we were as tall as the giants,’ the Frog cried. ‘Then, we wouldn’t have to cross all the way to reach our destinations and tell if it’d be worth our time to go there. ‘Oh, that would not be a problem,’ the other frog replied with a smirk. ‘We just have to use our superman-like hind legs, and hold onto each other. Then we can both see the cities that we are traveling to.’ 
The two frogs really liked the proposed idea and implemented their plan. Both the frogs held onto each other, stretched themselves and jumped as high as they could. They held each other very tightly, so none of them would fall down. But the foolish frogs forgot that when they stand, their eyes lay backwards and even if their noses might point out where they want to go, their eyes would see the places where they actually came from!
‘Oh god! The city looks exactly like a copy of my hometown,’ cried the frogs. ‘I think it was not worth my time to go on such a long journey. I shall go home. If I knew that the two cities look exactly the same, I wouldn’t have traveled this far.’  They both politely bid farewell to each other and returned back to their homelands.
 

विज्ञान र प्रविधि आज हाम्रो लागि कुनै नौलो कुरा होइन । आज हाम्रो दिनको सुरूवातमा बज्ने घडीदेखि बेलुका निभ्ने बत्तीसम्म सबै विज्ञान र प्राविधि अनि विकासको देन हो ।  विज्ञान र प्रविधिले नै हाम्राे आजको आधुनिक सभ्यताको पनि स्थापना गरेको हो । यो २१ औँ शताब्दी हो । यस समयमा हाम्री प्रविधि मै पूर्ण रूपमा निर्भर छौँ । हामीलाई कुनै पनि काम गर्ने  बेलामा घडी चाहिन्छ , घुम्नका लागि गाडी इत्यादि चाहिन्छ , सञ्चारका लागि फोन चाहिन्छ र यस्तै गरी हामीले गर्ने अधिकांश कार्यहरूमा प्रविधिको ठुलो भूमिका रहेकाे हुन्छ । तर पहिलाे यस्तो अवस्था थिएन ।

आज करिब ४०-५० वर्ष अगाडिसम्म पनि फोन गर्न सदरमुकाम जानुपर्ने बाध्यता थियो । घडीमा समय बितेसँगै, मानिसहरू पनि समयानुकूल परिवर्तन भए । त्यसै परिवर्तनको देन प्रविधि हो । पहिले मानिसहरूको जीवन निकै आश्चर्यजनक थियो । नत कुनै गाडी हुन्थे नत सञ्चार माध्यम र नत कुनै साधन नै थिए । यस्तो अवस्था पार गरेको मानिसले आज प्रविधिको अनुपस्थिति भएमा गाँस निल्न सक्दैन । आज यस्ता लाखौँ बहुउपयोगी प्रविधिहरू थुप्रै छन् । मनिसलाई बिरामी हुँदा जानुपर्ने अस्पताल पनि विज्ञान प्रविधिकै देन हो । यसरी स्वास्थ्य, शिक्षा, सञ्चार, यातायात आदिका क्षेत्रमा ठुलो योगदान दिए तापनि विज्ञान र प्रविधिको खराब पक्ष पनि अवश्य छ । विज्ञानको विकासले मानव सभ्यतामा रसायन शास्त्र , जीव विज्ञान र अन्य प्रविधि चिनाएको थियो । तर आजको यस २१ औँ शताब्दीमा यिनको उपयोग साथ साथै दुरूपयोग पनि धेरै भएको छ । हामीले आसपास छरछिमेकमा हेर्दा रसायन, ध्वनि, वायु , आदिको प्रदूषण प्रशस्त मात्रामा देख्न सकिन्छ । यति मात्र नभएर , मानिसको स्वास्थ्यमासमेत असर गर्ने गरेकाे छ । यी लगायतका समस्याहरू सबै विज्ञान र प्रविधिले निम्त्याएको भनिए तापनि कारक भने मानव आफैँ रहेको बेहोराप्रति हामी आफैँ सम्वेदनशील हुनुपर्छ । विज्ञान हाम्रो जीवनको महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग हो । विज्ञानकै कारण मानिसले आफ्नो जीवन सहज रूपमा जीउन सकेको छ । विशेषतः युरोपियन राष्ट्रहरूमा "पुनर्जागरण " आएसँगौ विज्ञान र प्रविधिको विकास भएको मानिन्छ । त्यसलाई पछ्‌याउँदै विश्वभरका मुलुकहरूमा विज्ञानले परम्परागत मानसिकता माथि हात पारेको पनि मानिन्छ । नेपालमा भने, विज्ञान र प्रविधिले ढिलो फड्को मार्यो । तुलनात्मक हिसाबले ढिलो भए तापनि, प्राविधिक विकास भने परिवर्तनशील रहेको पाइन्छ । विश्वभरमा प्रविधिको रूपमा  टिभी, फ्रिज , फोन, वेबसाइट, आदि चिनिन्छन् । तर यस सताब्दीमा प्रविधि भने अणुदेखि अन्तरिक्ष परमाणुसम्म फैलि सकेको छ "परमाणु बम", "अन्तरीक्ष यान", आदि यसका जीवन्त उदाहरणहरू हुन् ।

समयमा पछाडि फर्केर हेर्दा लाग्छ, कुनै सपना पो होकी ! तर वास्तविकता यही हो । २१ औँ शताब्दीको मानव सभ्यता कल्पनाभन्दा चाँडो परिवर्तन भएको छ । दिनप्रति दिन बढ्दै गएको कृत्रिमता, नयाँ र अनौठा प्रजातिको आविष्कार र मानवको लक्ष यस युगमा निकै ठुलो छ । उक्त गतिमा सबैले आफूमा परिवर्तन नल्याए मानिस अब पछि पर्ने निश्चित छ । यो युग विज्ञान र प्रविधिकै हो र त्यससँग हात मिलाउन नसके जीविकोपार्जन गर्न समेत कठिन छ । यस तथ्यलाई ध्यानमा राखेर सबै अघि बढ्नुपर्छ । 
 

Life is not about what we think; anything can happen at any time. Everybody wants their life to go smoothly without any problems; but I must say, life without problems is like food without ‘masala’. It is incomplete, right? Problems do not only have negative sides; in my view, I think they have the most important role in our life to lead us forward. Some of them recognise problems as their challenges, whereas others know them as their biggest problem.

Everyone in this world faces problems but it depends on how they deal with it and how they try to solve it. Recently, I had cracked my right hand because of an accident which made me have problems, like having quite a few medicines, and it was thereby pretty uncomfortable to do my work properly. But I didn’t see this as a problem: being a right handed person, it was tough to do any work with my left hand like writing , eating with a spoon, carrying a heavy bag and many more. Each day, it was pretty tough for me but I didn’t take it as a burden. Instead, I remembered how so many people in this world do not even have hands, legs, eyes and ears. But also, they are living their life to the fullest. Me- who has been provided with these many facilities and helpful people around, then why can’t I live to the fullest? Then I started being comfortable with my cracked hand but the pain didn’t go that easily. Yet each day, I was grateful for what I have.

Every single day was like challenging someone that I could do anything even if I had cracked my hand. As I already mentioned, problems just do not only have negative sides, actually, there are a few positive sides too: I was getting all the love and care from everyone around me! I was happy to be loved, but it was painful and still is. Every single day, I learned something very important like this and felt happy about it.

Many people in the world have different difficulties and problems. It just depends on how we handle it. So, never quit just because you have a problem. Be brave, be strong and solve it in a peaceful way. Sadly, not all are able to understand these things. Life is like a piece of puzzle; all we have to do is, ‘ keep solving it’: people must be appreciated for their work and for being strong enough to solve the problems in their life.  
 

नेपालको मध्यपश्चिममा रहेकाे बर्दिया राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज भेरी अञ्चलको बर्दिया जिल्लामा पर्दछ । ९६८ किलोमिटर लामो राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जको पूर्वमा बाँके जिल्ला, पश्चिममा कैलाली जिल्ला, उत्तरमा सुर्खेत र सल्यान र दक्षिणमा नेपाल–भारतकाे सीमाना छ । यो वन्यजन्तु र प्राकृतिक विविधताको संरक्षणमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्ने नेपालको सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज हो । विभिन्न प्रजातिका जीवजन्तुले भरिपूर्ण र मनमोहक हरियाली वातावरणले सुन्दर बनाइएको निकुञ्ज स्वदेशी तथा विदेशी पर्यटकका लागि लोकप्रिय गन्तव्य हो । बर्दिया राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज बाघ, गैँडा, घडियाल गोही, डल्फिनलगायतका वन्यजन्तुको संरक्षणका लागि उपयुक्त ठाउँका रूपमा प्रसिद्ध छ । निकुञ्जलाई पहिले रोयल बर्दिया वन्यजन्तु अभयारण्य भनेर चिनिन्थ्यो,  पछि सन् १९८४ मा बबई नदी वरपरको क्षेत्र थप गरी सन् १९८८ मा बर्दिया राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज घोषणा गरिएको थियो ।  
बर्दिया राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जहरूमध्ये एक महत्त्वपूर्ण मानिन्छ, जहाँ अधिक अनुकूल मौसम र संरक्षणको लागि आवश्यक पूर्वाधारहरू छन् । कर्णाली र बबई नदीमा आउने गङ्गा डल्फिनको समूह पनि बर्दिया राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जको प्रमुख आकर्षण हो । यो एसियामा पाइने हरिणहरूको सबैभन्दा ठुलो बथानको घर पनि हो । निकुञ्जभित्र विभिन्न पाँच प्रजातिका मृग, हरिण,  वार्किङ डियर, स्पटेड डियर र सम्भर पाइन्छन् । यसबाहेक, पार्क ४३८ प्रजातिका चरा, ५४ प्रजातिका स्तनपायी र २५  विभिन्न प्रजातिका सरीसृपहरूको बासस्थान पनि हो ।
बर्दियालगायत आसपासका जिल्लालाई नयाँ मुलुक पनि भनिन्छ । तराईका चार जिल्ला बर्दिया, बाँके, कैलाली र कञ्चनपुर गोरखा युद्धमा ब्रिटिस इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनीको हातमा परेका थिए । उन्नाइसौँ शताब्दीको मध्यमा भारतको सिपाही विद्रोहलाई लड्नको लागि नेपालका तत्कालीन राणा शासक जङ्गबहादुर राणाले बेलायतीहरूलाई दिएको सहयोगको लागि ब्रिटिश साम्राज्यले पछि यी जिल्लाहरू नेपाललाई फिर्ता गरेको थियो । 
विश्वप्रसिद्ध राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जले नेपालभित्र र बाहिरबाट ठुलो सङ्ख्यामा पर्यटकहरूलाई आकर्षित गर्दै छ । यो वन्यजन्तुको अवलोकनका लागि मात्र होइन अनुसन्धान उद्देश्यका लागि पनि उपयुक्त छ। हलिउड स्टार लियोनार्डो डि क्याप्रियोले पनि यसअघि बर्दिया राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जको भ्रमण गरेका थिए । यहाँ आउने पर्यटकले हात्तीको सवारी, जीप सफारी, जङ्गल पदयात्रा, प्रकृति पदयात्रा, गाउँको भ्रमण, सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रमलगायत विभिन्न साहसिक गतिविधिको आनन्द लिन सक्छन् । 

सन्दर्भ: सामग्री
Dhoju, R. (2011). The Mystical Nepal (1st edition). Dhoju Publication House.
 

Humanity: what comes to your mind when you listen to this word? It is a really interesting question about what humanity actually is and many of us have different opinions on it. But the overall meaning is kindness and to treat humans like humans. If we observe today’s scenario, then humanity has been endangered due to our own activities. Although there are so many religions and cultures present that have the same goal to promote humanity, yet this has happened.

Similarly, there’s one more question that I want to point out: is religion really humanity promoting ideas? I believe religion means a concept or idea where we don’t argue; we believe it and work accordingly. Religion is such an idea that makes us different from even the one sitting beside us at the moment. I think, maybe the one who feels ashamed to be called what they are is only us, human beings, as mostly, we introduce ourselves by our religions. It’s not like I don’t believe in god or I am a non religious person but due to the activities going around me, I believe that humanity’s promotion should be above all; it’s high time now!

Humanity is left alone to die in this present century. Yes, you might not find any place in the world where religion is not being used to accuse humanity. It doesn’t matter whether it’s politics, communalism or any other thing. Few months ago, I watched the movie ‘KASHMIR FILES’: it was based on the brutality shown by people in the name of religion. It was not easy to go through the whole movie, maybe because of the concept or it was simply showing us the mirror of our very own society. There is also a movie named, ‘THE PIANIST’ based on World War 2 and it was the biggest darkness that came for humanity. Both are based on true events and they tell us what we are.

I am here explaining about the religion’s dominance over humanity but at the end of the day, I am also one of them. No, it doesn't mean I have done something that shouldn’t have been done, but when a christian or muslim visits our house, they are not treated the same way as others (I wonder, why!). I have tried to minimize the situation to an extent, but things are what they are.

We are complicated beings; it's bitter but true that we believe in the same god but have divided ourselves into different classes and sometimes use it in a negative sense. I don’t mean that everyone should follow a common religion but there should be a oneness among us. We should put forth humanity before religion when someone needs help. All the while, I don’t feel that religion is against humanity: we have made it like this, otherwise we would have had a much better place to live in … So, I hope that someday, we could join hands together and be proud to be just human beings.