भत्किएका किनारा कथा सङ्ग्रह ललिता दोषीद्वारा रचित १३ वटा कथाहरूको सँगालो हो । ललिता दोषी लगभग डेढ दशकदेखि नेपाली साहित्यमा देखा परेकी नारी प्रतिभा हुन् । उनी मनोविज्ञानलाई विविध कोणबाट हेर्ने नारी प्रतिभा हुन् । यिनका अधिकांश कथा नारीकै पीडा व्यथाका उपज हुन् । भत्किएका किनारा कथा सङ्ग्रहमा पनि यस्तै पीडा व्यथा व्यक्त भएको पाइन्छ । ललिता दोषीको कथा लेखनको महत्त्वपूर्ण पक्ष पात्रका मनोवैज्ञानिक तहको उद्घाटन गर्नु हो । तिनमा पनि नारी मानसिकताको चिरफार गर्नमा कथाकार बढी सफल देखिएकी छिन् । यस सङ्ग्रह भित्रका कथामा सामाजिकता, मनोवैज्ञानिक र विकृत जीवनको प्रतीक्षा छ । समाज र मनोविज्ञान दुवै पक्षको सुन्दर संयोजन यिनका कथामा पाइन्छ । भत्किएका किनारा कथा सङ्ग्रहका कथाहरूमा नारी मनका सबै तहलाई छुने प्रयास गरिएको पाइन्छ।
‘पुडकेको मोह’ कथा चेलीबेटी बेचबिखनको परिवेशमा रचिएको यस कथामा सासूको आग्रहलाई टार्न नसकी लोग्ने चेतनाथबाट दस बाह्र हजारमा सीमा पारि लगिएर बेचिएकी बिस - बाइस दिनकी सुत्केरी बाटुली आफू अठार बर्षकी भएर पनि पचास - पचपन्न वर्षको बुढो पुड्के सार्कीसित राम्रो खान लाउन नपाई रमाएरै बस्छे । यता आमाछोरा भूमिका र चेतनाथ भने बेच्ने अपराधमा जेल पर्छन्। ‘आँखा खुले’ कथामा एकोहोरो प्रेम गर्ने अमृतलाई विश्वास नगरेर उल्टै पागल प्रेमी सम्झने लैलाको नियास्रो जीवनको चित्रण छ । अन्तमा अमृतकै लागि भए पनि विधवासरी नबसेरविवाह गर्न आँखा खुलेको वर्णन छ। ‘सङ्कल्प’ कथामा बुढी कन्या बसेको उमाका बारेमा चलेको हल्ला र कुमारी अवस्थामा नै गर्भ रहेको लाञ्छनाले आत्महत्या गरेकी रानुको अवस्था सम्झने शीलाले कुमारी नबस्ने बरू बिहे नै गर्ने सङ्कल्प गर्छे। ‘ शरण ’ कथा सासू र आफ्नै लोग्नेले हेला गरेर पेटभर खान नदिई जगल्टयाएर अनि सुत्केरी हुने बेलामा गोठमा राखेर सताइएकी बुहारी सानुमायाले आफ्नो छोरा कृष्णको डेरामा बस्दै गरेको बखत सौताले सताइएको सासू देवीका र लोग्ने कर्णलाई शरण दिएको घटना छ । ‘बोक्सी’ कथामा स्कुले सानी केटी बिनुमा शकुन्तला मिसले बोक्सी भेनर सरल र अबोध नारीलाई त्यसमा पनि विधवालाई हेला गरेर आरोप लगाएको घटना छ । र कोही पनि बोक्सी हुँदैनन् भनेको प्रभाव पर्छ। आफ्नी बुढी विधवा हजुरआमालाई पनि सोझी देखेर बोक्सी भन्छन् कि भन्ने विनुको बालमनोबैज्ञानिक प्रभाव देखाइएको छ । ‘भाषण’ कथामा आफ्नै लोग्नेको नारी महिमा र नारी अधिकार सम्बन्धी भाषण सुन्ने पुष्पा त्यही लोग्नेको चुटाइ, पर नारीसँगको अनैतिक सम्पर्क र रक्सीबाज स्वभावबाट आहत भएकी हुन्छे। अरू नारी र पुरुषलेसमेत त्यस्तो भाषण गर्नेको श्रीमती हुन पाउँदा खुसी हुनु पर्नेभन्दा पुष्पाको मानसिकतामा अझ चोट लाग्छ।
भत्किएका किनारा कथा सङ्ग्रहमा कथाकरिताका बिषयगत र प्रस्तुतिगत निजी विशेषता छन् । यौनशोषण, नारीलाई भोग्या सम्झने प्रवृत्ति, विवाह हुनुपूर्व किशोरीका मनका उठ्ने तर्क बितर्क , असफल प्रेमविवाह, चेलीबेटी बेचबिखन र आफ्नै पत्नीलाईसमेत पसल थापेर पैसा कमाउने दुसाहस् जस्ता नारी केन्द्रित बिषयलाई कथ्य बनाउनु यस कथा सङ्ग्रहको उल्लेख्य विषय हो । यस कथा सङ्ग्रहमा प्रस्तुतिगत दृष्टिले सरल , भाव - सम्प्रेष्य भाषाको प्रयोग छ। संवादको रुचिकर संयोजनले नटकीयता आएको छ। भिन्न भिन्न सामाजिक परिवेशमा विशेष चरित्रको सिर्जना गर्दै रचिएका यी कथाहरूले नरनारीका दुर्घटित प्रणय सन्दर्भलाई छोएका छन् र मनमा गहिरो प्रवाह छोडेर यी कथा टुङ्गिएका पनि छन् । पुरुषका सामु नारी अस्मिताले झेल्नुपरेका विवश क्षणहरूको चित्रण यस कथा सङ्ग्रहका कथाहरूमा गरिएको छ ।
As most of the people might be familiar with this, smoking is defined as the action or habit of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of tobacco by sucking on the end of a lit cigarette, cigar, pipe, etc. Smoking is very harmful as it can cause various harmful diseases like cancer, diabetes, heart attack, increases the risk for eye diseases, tuberculosis and can even claim life. It is very harmful to the people as well as the surrounding environment.
In the present context, smoking has become a trend for people of every age and they tend to think smoking cigarettes makes them look cool. Smoking is also taken as a trend by most of the young generation as they seem to take it as fashion. Some people even smoke as a reason to relieve their stress or for pleasure whereas, it is only putting the person smoking and those around them at a huge risk. Even educated people aware about it’s negative effects are involved in smoking and the number of smokers are increasing every day. Smoking is highly addictive due to the presence of nicotine in the cigarettes which also has several negative effects on one’s health itself. Personally, I feel that smoking and it’s production should be banned as there are several negative effects of it and hardly any positive one. People tend to take the effects of smoking very lightly however it can cause several health hazards like heart diseases, lung diseases, risk of eye diseases, weakened immune system, fertility problems, teeths becoming discolored, lips getting darker and many more. It also decreases the social and financial status of a person and also sets a bad example in the society which can influence the young generation in a bad way. Smoking not only affects the health of smokers but also those around them. It also causes pollution and degrades the quality of the environment. There are many causes behind one getting involved in smoking like; nowadays most of the movies and tv shows are portraying major characters smoking that leads the audience towards smoking as imitation, many holdings and ads are also advertising smoking, smoking cigarettes are also used as a stress reliever by many peoples, surrounded by bad friend circle also leads in smoking, thinking it makes one look cool and many more. We can also use several measures in order to prevent smoking like; being aware of its negative effects and not getting involved in it, not staying in a bad friend circle, staying positive etc.
However I feel it would be more effective if smoking and the production of cigarettes itself is banned. If the cigarettes are made unavailable and smoking would be banned then it would help in order to promote a healthier lifestyle. It would also help the smokers who wanted to quit but couldn’t by making it outlaw. It can also help people to develop quality of life and improve their healthy lifestyle.
गत आइतबार वान्डा मेट्रोपोलिटानोमा भएको खेलमा घरेलु टोली खेलको सातौँ मिनेटमा नै पछि परेको थियो । एलेक्सान्डर सोर्लोथले एलेक्सान्डर इसाकको सहयोगमा गोल गरेका थिए । खेलको ४८ औँ मिनेटमा एलेक्सान्डर इसाकले गोल गर्दै रियल सोसिडाडको अग्रता दोब्बर पारे । दुई गोलले पछि पारे पनि एट्लेटिकोले उत्कृष्ट प्रदर्शन गर्दै खेललाई बराबरीमा ल्याउन सफल भए । खेलको ६१ औँ मिनेटमा लुइस सुआरेजले गोल गर्दै एट्लेटिकोलाई खेलमा फर्कन सङ्केत गरे । जो आओ फेलिक्सको सहयोगमा गोल गर्न सफल भए । खेलको ७७ औँ मिनेटमा सुआरेजले पेनाल्टीमा गोल गर्दै २-२ को बराबरीमा ल्याए । अर्को खेलमा सोभियाले लेभान्टेलाई ५-३ ले पराजित गर्दै तेस्रो स्थानमा उक्लन सफल भयो । सेभियाको जितमा ओलिभर टोरेस राफा मिर डिएगो कार्लोस् मुनिर इल हाडारी र फर्नान्डोले गोल गरेका थिए । त्यस्तै मार्सेमा आइतबार राती भएको खेलमा खेलको १४ औँ मिनेटमा लुआन पेरेसले गोल गरे । खेलको २० औँ मिनेटमा अर्काडि अस मिलिकले गोल गरे । ५७ औँ मिनेटमा १० खेलाडीमा सीमित हुन पुग्यो । सेन्गिज अन्डरले फल गर्न पुगेपछि रेफ्रीले अचरफ ड्राकिमीलाई सिधै रातो कार्ड देखाउँदै मैदान बाहिर पठाए । इन्टर मिलान र युभेन्टस ले १- १ को बराबरी खेले । डेन्जेल इमफ्रेजले पेनाल्टी बक्समा एलेक्स सान्ट्रोलाई पेनाल्टी बक्समा फल गरेपछि रेफ्रीको भिएआरको सहायता लिँदै युभेन्टसलाई पेनाल्टी प्रदान गरेको थियो । जसमा डिनानाले गोल गर्दै युभेन्टसलाई हारबाट जोगाए ।
Electricity is an essential part of our modern life. We cannot imagine our life without it. The change or flow of electrons in a body is known as electrical energy. The electrical energy can be transformed into different forms like heat energy, light energy and so on. We use different types of electrical appliances like: electric iron, refrigerator, electric kettle to make our daily life easier. When the electric current passes through the electrical appliances, they convert electric energy to light energy known as lighting effect. Among them the lamp or bulb is the most important appliance for us. If lamps had not been introduced to us, we would still need to use wood. There are two types of lamps: filament lamp and fluorescent Lamp. Fluorescent Lamp is the upgraded version of filament lamp.
Fluorescent Lamp consists of a discharge tube and two electrodes on the end of the tube. It is filled with mercury vapor and it's inner part is coated with a fluorescent lamp. There is a starter used in circuit and lastly there is choke of coil that provides the necessary voltage for the lamp. It is a little bit more expensive than the filament lamp. It's average life is comparatively long, about 7000 to 15000 hours. It is long cylindrical in shape. It works when the high voltage of electric current passes through the electrodes; kept at the end of the tube, the mercury ionizes and the electrons flow inside the lamp through the mercury vapor.
The electrons collide with the mercury and emits the ultraViolet rays which are harmful for human eyes. The fluorescent powder totally absorbs the ultraviolet rays and emits the visible white light. It emits 70% of heat energy and 30% of light energy. It is a lot better than the filament lamp because the filament lamp emits only 10% of light energy which is not sufficient. Fluorescent lamps are more efficient and long lasting than filament lamps. It does not need much electrical energy. It consumes less electrical current and it also lasts longer. But fluorescent lamps also have some disadvantages like frequent switching may shorten the life of it.
Filament lamp consists of a glass bulb, thick and supporting wire, glass stem, pins, terminal and Filament of tungsten. This lamp consists of nitrogen gas to prevent the evaporation of tungsten metal at high temperature. It is worked when the electric current passes through the bulb, the filament of tungsten attains a very high temperature and then it emits both heat and light. It emits only 10% of light energy and 90% of heat energy. It is cheaper than the fluorescent lamp. It consumes high power and it is not long lasting. It's average life is about 750 to 1000 hours.
Electronics devices have become essential to our lives. We cannot live without it. It is making our work easier than before.
गएको वर्ष दसैँ मनाउन पाउँदा हामी निकै खुसी भएका थियौँ। दसैँ भन्ने बित्तिकै सबै को मनमा हर्ष र खुसीयाली छाउँछ । मेरो मनमा पनि हर्ष र खुसीयाली छाएको थियो । असोज २० गते घटस्थापनाकोदिन देखि नै विद्यालयले हामीलाई बिदा दिएको थियो । अघिल्लो वर्षको कोरोना महामारीमा विद्यालय पनि अनलाइनबाट चलेको थियो तर यसपटक भने दसैँ अघि नै विद्यालय खुलेको हुनाले दसैँ बिदा भन्ने सुन्नासाथ आनन्द आएको थियो । दसैँ अघि नै विद्यालयमा डियरवाक पोएट्री नाइटर डियरवाक डिबेट नाइट जस्ता रमाइला कार्यक्रम पनि भएका थिए। करिब एक वर्ष पछि भौतिक रूपमा भएका कार्यक्रम निकै रमाइला भएका थिए।
हुनत दसैँ कहिले पो नरमाइलो हुन्छ र ? दसैँ जहिले पनि रमाइलो नै हुन्छ । यसपटकको विशेष लाग्नुको कारण गतवर्षभन्दा फरक थियो । त्यसैले अलि बढी नै खुसी हामीमा छाएको थियो । अघिल्ला वर्षहरूमा जस्तै यसपटक पनि मैले चङ्गा उडाएँ । घरमा टीका जमरा लगाएपछि आफन्तका घर गएर पनि टीका जमरा लगाएँ । अर्को रमाइलो कुरा भनेको टीका जमरा त लगाइन्छ, नै त्यससँगै पैसा पनि पाइन्छ। हाम्रा लागि यो पनि खुसीको कुरा नै हो । हुनत नयाँ लुगा लगाउन नपाइएको होइन तर, दसैँमा नयाँ लुगा किन्ने र लगाउने भन्ने जुन चलन छ त्यो पनि हाम्रो मनमा बसेको हुन्छ । त्यसैले पनि दसैँ रमाइलो लाग्छ । धेरै समय भेट नभएका टाढा टाढाका आफन्त दाजुभाइ पनि दसैको निहुँमा भेट्न पाइन्छ । पढाइको पनि बोझ नहुने फुर्सदिलो समय हुने भएकाले नरमाउने मानिस पनि सायदै कमै हुन्छन् होला । मेरो यो अनुभव धेरे जसोसँग मिल्छ होला । यसपाली दसैमा म पिङ पनि खेलेँ । निकै आनन्द आयो । यसै समयमा धेरै टाढा घुम्न जाने योजना त थिएन । समय पनि त्यति अनुकूल थिएन । कोभिडको जोखिम कायमै थियो । केही खुसीका बिच पनि डर भने कायम नै थियो । धेरै भिडभाड नगर्न भनेर समाचार र पत्रपत्रिकामा समाचार आइरहेको सुनिन्थ्यो । यसैले पनि धेरै भिडभाड त गरिएन नगरे पनि रमाइलो भने भयो । दसैँमा केही गृहकार्य र किताब पढ्ने काम पनि गर्न थियो । तर त्यतातिर खासै ध्यान गएन । आफ्नो काम नगरी त सुख थिएन । समय भएसम्म रमाइलो गर्न मन लाग्थ्यो।
समग्रमा यसपालीको दसैँ परिवार र आफन्तका साथमा रमाइलो गरी मनाइयो । अब आउने दसैँ पनि योभन्दा बढी रमाइलो गरी मनाउन पाइयोस् भन्ने कामना छ । कोरोना हराएर जाओस् टाढा टाढा घुम्न जान पाइयोस् । आफन्त तथा साथीहरूलाई पनि भेट्न पाइयोस् । अब आउने सबै दसैँ तिहार जस्ता रमाइला र ठुला चाडपर्व खुसीले मनाउन पाइयोस् ।
Some of us might have seen repeating number sequences such as 111, 222, 333 and many more such numbers are called angel numbers. We might have noticed it sometime in our daily life. Angel numbers have spiritual significance and are considered as a sign from the universe, every angel number has its own meaning. Seeing angel numbers is not just a coincidence. For example, you buy a coffee at Rs 222 and wake up at 2:22 am or you see the angel number on the clock. Those are the signs and it is said that the angels are trying to convey some messages and they’re trying to reach out to us.
Every angel number has a significant meaning, which are mentioned below:
111: According to numerology when you see this number it means to ensure your thoughts and energies are focused on the things that you want. More importantly, the meaning of 111 is alignment.
222: The meaning of number 222 is balance and according to Michaela, when you see 222 it means that the energy is trying to remind you to enjoy the moment and a message that everything is working out how it is supposed to be.
333: This number sequence means to self-correct in the areas of your life to bring to completion. And basically, it means that you’re in good hands. The meaning of this number is perfection.
444: Simply guidance to the way to life as the meaning of the number 444 is the stability it’s a sign to balance physical, mental, emotional state and to reconnect them.
555: This angel number means that some changes might appear on the way.
666: A message from angel guardians to take a look and take personal responsibility within your life.
777: The repeated 7 means to forget about the past and embracing to the future self. It is a sign to let go of all the fears you had in your past.
888: the repeated 8 angel number is a sign of forewarning and a sign that you are receiving the rewards of the good things you have done in the past.
999: Whatever you’re up to is going to completion. The number 9 means conclusion and endings.
Angel numbers are a message to take action. They are the signs for you and guide in the way of your life. To sum up everything, angel numbers are recurring sequences and patterns. The recurring sequences are completely different, according to numerology. Angel numbers are guidance and dietitian which can be implemented in our lives if we want with positive energy.
कुनै श्रमिक वा कामदारले विदेशमा गएर प्राप्त गर्ने रोजगारी वैदेशिक वैदेशिक रोजगारी हो । विश्वमा काम गर्नको लागि देशबाहिर जाने प्रचलन पहिलेदेखि चलिआएको भए तापनि केही दशक यता संसारभर नै वैदेशिक रोजगारीमा जाने प्रचलन निकै बढेको छ । नेपालमा वैदेशिक रोजगारी अर्थतन्त्रको मेरुदण्डको रूपमा रहेको छ । आय आर्जनका लागि आफ्नो देशभन्दा बाहिर गएर शारीरिक अथवा मानसिक श्रम गर्ने रोजगारी हो । विश्व बजारमा वैदेशिक रोजगारीका लागि विभिन्न देशका जनशक्तिहरू खपत हुने गर्दछन् । वर्तमान नेपाली अर्थतन्त्र वैदेशिक रोजागारले धानिरहेको अवस्था छ । नेपालले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय श्रम बजारमा आवश्यकता अनुरूपका युवा जनशक्तिहरूलाई सीमित समयका लागि आधिकारिक तवरले पठाउँदै आएको छ । नेपाली युवा श्रमिक कामदारहरूको रोजगारीको आकर्षक गन्तब्यको रूपमा रहेका मुलुकहरूमा मलेसिया , दुबई , साउदी अरब , कुबेत, बहराइन आदि मुलुकहरू रहेका छन् । अमेरिका, अस्ट्रेलिया, क्यानडा लगायतका मुलुकहरूमा पनि बहुसङ्ख्यक नेपाली कामदारहरू वैदेशिक रोजगारका लागि पुगेका छन् ।
गाउँमा भएका युवा जनशक्ति स्वदेशमा रोजगारको सम्भावना देख्दादेख्दै पनि सरकारले उचित वातावरण सृजना गर्न नसक्दा दिनानुदिन विदेशमा पैसा फल्ने बोटको सपना देखेर जानी–नजानी, साथीभाइहरू को लहैलहैमा वैदेशिक रोजगारीका लागि गएको देखिन्छ । तर यिनै गन्तब्य मुलुकहरूमा आप्रवासी कामदारहरूको सुरक्षा र अधिकारको स्थिति भने अत्यन्तै कमजोर रहेको छ । ग्रामीण भेगका युवाहरू अशिक्षित हुने भएकाले विदेशमा जाँदा ठगिने समस्या बढी मात्रामा रहेको छ । त्यसमा पनि नेपाली कामदारहरू अदक्ष वा अर्धदक्ष हुनुले पनि उनीहरूको सुरक्षा चुनौती अझ थपिएको छ । अर्कोतिर, विदेश गएपछि कमाएको रकम कसरी सुरक्षित राख्ने, आफू कसरी सुरक्षित बस्ने, यदि समस्यामा परेमा कसरी बच्ने, कसलाई भन्ने आदि कुराहरूमा पनि प्रस्ट धेरै कामदार नहुँदा समस्या झेल्नु परेको छ । त्यस्तै रोजगारीमा जाने देशको कानुन, ट्राफिक नियम, धर्म–संस्कृति व्यवहार, हावापानी, कामदारका आचरण, गर्न हुने वा नहुने कुराहरू , ठगीमा पर्ने कारणहरू , उजुरी गर्ने निकाय, सुरक्षित तरिकाले घरमा पैसा पठाउँदा बैंक तथा वित्तीय संस्थाहरूको प्रयोगलगायतका बारेमा बुझ्नैपर्ने हुन्छ । तर, यी कुराहरूको जानकारीको अभावमा ग्रामीण क्षेत्रका सोझासाझा जनताहरू वैदेशिक रोजगारको क्रममा विभिन्न कागजपत्रहरू मिलाउँदा नै बिचौलियाहरूको फन्दामा परेका छन् ।
नेपालमा रोजगारीको अभावमा यसरी कैयौँ युवाहरू विदेशिएका छन् । यस्तो रोजगारीले नेपालीहरूको दैनिकी पनि फेरिएको छ । तर, विदेश जानुपूर्व सम्पूर्ण कुरा राम्ररी बुझ्नुपर्छ । आफू जाने देश र कम्पनी त्यहाँको कानुन करार अवधि आदि कुरा राम्ररी बुझ्नुपर्छ। व्यक्ति आफै सचेत भएमा वैदेशिक रोजगारीमा हुने धेरै जोखिम कम हुन्छ ।
There are more than 7 billion people in the world. It is said that there are approximately 7.7 billion people who are currently living in this world. When the population gets out of hand, it is called overpopulation. Overpopulation creates various problems in the world. Overpopulation is a topic which many people have shed light at. However we don’t see it lessening; we see it flaring up. It seems to be one of the major causes of why newer problems keep on arising.
Overpopulation is primarily caused by many different things. However, the most important cause is definitely the lack of awareness among people. There is no awareness among people regarding this issue. When there is a lack of awareness regarding these subjects, people wouldn’t consider overpopulation as a threat. If we spread awareness regarding this worldwide, there should be a positive change regarding it. Another big cause is the low mortality rate. The birth rate and the mortality rate are very imbalanced. With the growing technology, people are dying slowly and advancement in medicine helps people from extending death. Other reasons like family planning. Without family planning, even a single family brings an impact to rapid population growth.
Overpopulation has a lot of negative effects on the world, which is why it is considered as a global issue. The main effect of overpopulation on us would be pollution. We all know how harmful pollution is for everyone. Pollution degrades the environment and when the environment degrades so does our health. Overpopulation creates a lot of actions like deforestation and unmanaged housing too. These effects contribute to the degradation of the environment even more and they invite pollution. Pollution and environmental degradation working together, global warming is flared up even more. Overpopulation also creates the lack of enough space and resources. When the population of earth reaches to the point that it cannot handle an immense amount of people, the earth will give up. If the population grows rapidly just at the current rate, there will also be scarcity of resources. Many of the resources are limited, and without resources it will be hard to work. There may also be scarcity of food in the later years.
For the measures of overpopulation; firstly, we should all spread awareness. As I said before, awareness will most likely bring change towards this situation. I also suggest people to practice family planning to control the high birth rate. Overpopulation is a topic that we have heard of a lot of times however there is still not much change regarding its eradication. Because overpopulation contributes to huge global issues such as pollution, environment degradation and climate change, it as a whole affects global warming which is considered a serious threat towards humanity and other races.
गएको भदौ महिनामा हामीले गाईजात्रा मनायौँ । गाईजात्रा नेवार जातिले मनाउने महत्त्वपूर्ण चाड हो । मेरो हजुरबुबाको मृत्यु भएकाले हाम्रो संस्कार अनुसार यस पटक हामीले गाईजात्रा निकालेका थियौँ । गाईजात्रा मानिसको मृत्यु भएको एक वर्षभित्र निकाल्नुपर्छ। हामी भदौ ७ गते गाइजात्रा निकाल्न धुलिखेल गएका थियौँ । गाईजात्रा निकाल्दा सबैले आफ्नो मूल घर गएर निकाल्नुपर्छ । मेरो पनि मूल घर धुलिखेल भएको हुनाले हामी धुलिखेल गयौँ । भदौ ७ गते हामी बिहान छिटो उठेर नुवाइधुवाइ गरेपछि धुलिखेल गयौँ । धुलिखेल गएपछि बाबाहरू दाइहरू र बाजेहरू मिलेर रथ बनाउन थाल्नुभयो । म र बहिनी चाहिँ घुम्न निस्कियौंँ । मामुहरू भोज तयार गर्न थाल्नुभयो ।
बाबाहरूले रथलाई फूल, बेलुन र राम्रो कपडाले बेरेर सिँगार्नुभयो । रथ तयार भएपछि रथ निकै राम्रो देखियो । त्यसमा बाबाले हजुरबुवाको फोटो राख्नुभयो । फोटो राखेपछि हामीले त्यहाँ पूजा गर्यौँ । म र मेरी बहिनी चाहिँ रथको अगाडि बसेर रथमा फूल चडाउँदै मन्दिर घुमाउन लैजानुभयो । दाइ र भिनाजु मिलेर रथ बोक्नुभएको थियो। हामी त्यो रथ लिएर धुलिखेल मन्दिर घुम्यौँ । त्यहाँ हाम्रो जस्तै धेरै मानिसको गाईजात्रा निकालेका थिए । मेरो बाबा गाई बन्नुभएको थियो । उहाँ गाई बनेर मन्दिर घुम्न जानुभएको थियो । त्यहाँ मेरा धेरै आफन्तहरू पनि आउनुभएको थियो । लकडाउन राम्ररी नखुले तापनि जसोतसो हामीले गाइजात्रा मनायौँ । उता कोरानाको डर कायमै रहेकाले कोराना सर्छ कि भन्ने डर पनि उत्तिकै थियो । जे होस हामीले सकेसम्म सुरक्षा सावधानी अपनाएका थियौँ । त्यही बेला हामीले लाखे नाच पनि हेरेका थियौँ । नेवारी धिमे, बाँसुरी आदि बाजा बजाएर धेरैले रथ निकालेका थिए । रथ निकाल्ने कार्यक्रम सकिएपछि मानिसहरूले नाटक पनि देखाएका थिए । त्यसपछि हामी भोज खायौँ र रमाइलो गर्यौँ । रात पर्न थालेको थियो । त्यसपछि हामी सबै काठमाडौँ फर्कियौँ ।
“I was not always this confident like I am right now.”, he began speaking in front of the huge crowd, carrying an award in his left hand. “Neither had I expected that one day, I’d be standing here in front of all of you guys sharing the experience of my life and how I gained success. Most of you guys ask me how I got interested in the IT sector and to be honest it was games that made me realize it. Most of the people I’ve met have said that they were a curious child but me, nope. I was never a curious kid. And that was what made me really know nothing about the outer world. Not knowing about the outer world didn’t really affect me when I was in middle school. But even after I entered high school; nothing interested me. There was not a single thing except games that would make me happy or that would fascinate me. I was in the senior year of my high school life and that was when lots of things struck my mind. Realizations hit me hard. I thought that till now, I didn’t have to do anything on my own. I was dependent on my parents but from now on, life wouldn’t be the same anymore. I had to be independent, independent in many aspects of life. All the decisions I had made yet were solely based on the opinion of my parents. But then, I was about to go to Bachelors. I didn’t know what I wanted to be in my life. I didn’t know what I would study after I reached Bachelors. I knew nothing about my future. I had no self-decision-making skills. I didn’t know where and how to figure out what I wanted to do and become. My mother had told me since I was a small boy that I needed to get involved in lots of activities and then focus on what activity interested me the most. She had always encouraged me to pursue my career based on my hobbies. But then when I looked at myself at that point of time, I only saw games, games, and games. I realized that I was already addicted to games badly, and I had no way out. I tried to get involved in reading books and painting pictures but whenever I was reading or painting, there was only one thing that roamed in my mind and that was games. I knew that it was games that were destroying my life, my career, and my studies. But nothing could help it. There was one point of time in my life where I thought that I would just play games all day and all night. I wasn’t even caring that I was destroying myself both mentally and socially. Had that one point of realization not come inside my mind, I think that I, Andrew Armstrong, wouldn't have been standing in front of such a huge mass today. One day as I was playing a mobile game, a curiosity struck my mind. I started questioning myself how did the character in the game move how I wanted it to move? How is the gun shooting the person I am aiming to? That was the first thing that had made me curious in my entire life. I decided I would research about it. I had no other sources except Google where I could figure out my answer, so I googled it. It was then that I found out that it was all due to the codes written by the developer. I had been studying coding in my school, but I never thought that using it we could create such good games. After that, I decided that I would focus more on coding and stuff related to web development. I didn’t completely stop playing games though. But I managed my time for coding and playing games. I planned to study IT for Bachelor, and I grew up to pursue my career in this field. I never really thought that the game I had designed would be so famous around the whole world. As I am standing here before all, I would like to say a huge thank you to my mother who encouraged me to pursue my career based on the hobbies I enjoyed. Also, I’d like to suggest all young adults and teens not to spend too much time playing games. I have regretted a lot and I don’t want others to do so too. Be curious, young ones. That’s going to help you a lot in the future. Once again, a huge thank you to my team and my friends and family who supported me to design such a huge game because of which I could win the award of “The best game developer of the year”.”, he said and walked towards his seat. His family looked very proud and that was the moment when Andrew knew that he had truly won.
विषय प्रवेश
“अमेरिका” उपन्यास लेखिका गङ्गा लिगलद्वारा लिखित एक उत्कृष्ट उपन्यास हो । गङ्गालिगल एक सशक्त नारी हस्ताक्षरको रूपमा साहित्य जगतमा देखा परेकी छन् । अमेरिका उपन्यास उनका प्रकाशित कृतिहरूमध्ये पन्ध्रौँ स्थानमा पर्छ । अमेरिका उपन्यास उनको उत्कृष्ट रचना हो । अमेरिका उपन्यास लेखिका गङ्गा लिगलले वि. सं. २०७० मा भानु द्विशतवार्षिकी महोत्सवको अवसरमा भानुवर्ष २०१३ को शोभा बढाउने उद्देश्यका साथ प्रकाशन भएकाे बुझिन्छ । यस उपन्यासमा जम्मा ७६ पृष्ठ रहेका छन् र उपन्यास भने १५ खण्डमा विभाजित छ।
कथावस्तु
उपन्यास पाल्पा जिल्लाको सदरमुकाम तानसेन नगरीको प्राकृतिक सुन्दरताको वर्णनबाट सुरु भएको छ । उपन्यास गुल्मीका शुभम र रामपुरकी सुहानाले आफ्नो पढाइ पूरा गर्दै गरेको समयमा माया साटासाट गरेको र त्यसपछिको उनीहरूको जीवनयात्रामा केन्द्रित छ । उपन्यास पढ्दा लेखिकाले आफ्ना जीवनदर्शनका धारणालाई उपन्यासमा प्रस्तुत गर्न अनुमान लगाउन सकिन्छ । शुभम र सुहानाको माता पितालाई उनीहरूको प्रेम सम्बन्ध थाहा भएपछि, उपन्यासमा जात, पातको पनि कुरा उठेकाे छ तर त्यसले उनीहरूको सम्बन्धमा कुनै बाधा आउँदैन । शुभमले काठमाडौँमा पढाइ पूरा गर्छ र सुहानाले कलेजमा पढाउन थाल्छे। कथामा सबै कुरा सही भएको त कसैलाई पनि मन पर्दैन होला, त्यसैले शुभमले अमेरिकाको भिसा पाएको कुराले कथावस्तुलाई चाखलाग्दो बनाउँछ । शुभम अमेरिका जान्छ र पढाइ पूरा गरेर, पैसा कमाएर सुहानासँग विवाह गर्न नेपाल फर्कन्छ। अन्तरजातीय विवाह गर्न नहुने भए पनि आआफ्ना मातापितालाई फकाएर, दुवै परिवारमा मेलमिलाप हुन्छ । विहेको तयारी गर्दा शुभम गाडी दुर्घटनामा परेपछि २ महिना अस्पतालमा बिताउनु परेपछि बिहेमा बाधा आउँछ। बिहेमा शुभमको दुर्घटनादेखि लिएर केल्ली ब्राउन भन्ने केटीले शुभामसँगको प्रेममा केही बाधा पुराउँछे । तर पनि बिहे सम्पन्न हुन्छ ।
केल्ली शुभमकी अमेरिका सँगै पढ्दाकी साथी हाे । ऊ एकाेहाेराे शुभमलाई मन पराउँथी । शुभम भने उसलाई साथीकाे रूपमा मात्र हेर्थ्याे । विवाहपछि केल्लीले शुभमलाई अमेरिकामा गोली हान्छे । तर शुभम बाँच्छ र सुहाना पनि अमेरिका आउँछे। सुहानाले अमेरिकामा एक संस्था खोलेर नेपाली भाषा अमेरिकामा बसाेबास गर्ने नेपालीलाई सिकाउँछिन् । उनीहरूकी एक छोरी जन्मिएपछि बुवा आमालाई अमेरिका बोलाउँछन् । जब केल्लीले दाेस्राे पटक शुभममाथि गोली चलाउँछे तब सुहानाले पुलिसलाई बोलाएर ज्यान बचाउँछे । सुहानाले नेपाली भाषा र संस्कृतिकाे जगेर्ना गर्ने उद्देश्य सफल हुन्छ ।
शुभमलाई नेपालमा आफ्नाे भाइकाे व्यवसाय डुब्न थालेपछि पारिवारिक तनाव बढ्दै जान्छ । अमेरिकामा आफूले राम्राे आर्थिक लाभ गरे पनि घरपरिवारकाे तनावले ऊ खुसी हुन सक्दैन । एक दिन मन बहलाउन सबै परिवार घ्म्न जाने क्रममा पछाडिबाट गाडीले ठक्कर दिएपछि उपन्यासकाे कथानक सकिएकाे छ ।
पात्रविधान
उपन्यासका पात्रहरूएक सामान्य परिवारमा हुने सदस्यहरू जस्तै छन् । धेरै पात्रहरूका सोच, व्यवहार, हामीले आफ्नै परिवारमा अथवा जहाँ पनि देख्न सकेका हुन्छौँ । कथाका मुख्य पात्र शुभम र सुहाना रहेका छन् र दुवै पक्षका परिवार बुझक्की छन् । उपन्यासमा नेपालमा धेरै जसो परिवारमा हुने सासु बुहारीको सम्बन्ध जस्तो सम्बन्ध सुहाना र शुभमकी आमाको छैन । शुभमकी आमा बुझक्की छिन् र आफ्नी बुहारीलाई छाेरीलाई जस्तै माया गर्छिन् । सुहाना असल र मिहिनेती छिन् र आफ्नो सोचलाई सफल र सार्थक बनाउन उनले धेरै मेहेनत गरिन् । उपन्यासमा केल्ली एक प्रतिकूल पात्रको रूपमा देखिएकी छिन् । केल्लीले शुभम र सुहानाप्रति गरेकाे व्यवहार तथा घटनाले याे कुरा पुष्टी हुन्छ ।
परिवेश
उपन्यासमा नेपालको गुल्मी, रामपुर,पाल्पा,काठमाडौँदेखि अमेरिकाको क्यालिलिफोर्निया, न्युयोर्क, वासिङ्टन डिसी, पार्क, र मन्दिरहरूजस्ता ठाउँहरूको परिवेश प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ। यस उपन्यासकाे परिवेश व्यापक रहेकाे छ ।
भाषाशैली
अमेरिका उपन्यासको भाषाशैली पनि सरल छ । लेखिकाले धेरै ठाउँमा नेपाली शब्दकाे प्रयाेग नगरी अङ्ग्रेजी शब्दहरूको प्रयाेग गरेकी छन् । त्यसकारण धेरै युवा पाठकहरूलाई यस किताबले आकर्षित गरेको छ । सरल शब्दमा लेखेकाे छोटो उपन्यासले धेरै पाठककाे मन जितेकाे छ ।
निष्कर्ष
उपन्यासमा युवायुवातीहरूबिच हुने शारीरिक आकर्षण र प्रेम सम्बन्ध, एउटी नारीले गर्नुपरेकाे सङ्घर्ष, नेपाली समाजले देख्न नसक्ने अन्तर जातीय विवाह र त्यसपछिका विविध पारिवारिक घटना क्रमलाई देखाउन खाेजेकाे छ । विदेशमा बसे पनि स्वदेशप्रतिकाे माया, भाषा र संस्कृतिलाई बचाइराख्नुपर्छ भन्ने कुरा यहाँ देखाइएकाे छ । समग्रमा उपन्यास स्वदेश र विदेशको सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक, धार्मिक, पारिवारिक, तथा प्राकृतिक सुन्दरताको जीवन्त चित्रण गर्न सक्षम भएकाे छ ।
John Malcolm Thorpe Fleming Churchill who would later be known as Mad jack who was a British officer who participated in World War 2 with a longbow, bagpipe and claymore. Later he would be called Fighting Jack Churchill or mad jack. He was known for the motto, “Any officer who goes into action without his sword is improperly dressed.” Churchill was born in Colombo, British Ceylon. He was known for loving to ride his motorbike. He also worked as a newspaper editor and an actor for some time. He was also known for how good he was with his longbow and how he placed second in the 1938 military piping competition at the Aldershot Tattoo. In 1939, he also represented Great Britain at the World Archery Championships in Oslo. After Germany attacked Poland John returned to the military and was sent to France in the British Expeditionary Force. He then went on to ambush a German patrol; he and his comrades ambushed the Germans after John pulled out his longbow. Later John volunteered for the newly formed Commandos. Churchill was second in command of the third Commando battalion in Operation Archery on 27 December 1941. After the raft opened he charged ahead of his men playing March of the Cameron Men on his bagpipe before throwing a grenade and charging head first into battle. He received the Military Cross and Bar For his actions at Dunkirk and Vagsoy. He later went on to fight against the Germans, alongside the American rangers. There were only 10 or so men together but they went and captured a whole camp of German soldiers. He later was captured by German soldiers only to later escape again, get captured and escape once more. There was one soldier who said that he had seen John riding his motorbike while using his longbow to attack the Germans. It is also said that when a German general asked his junior commanders about the casualties he said that most of them were injured or killed by arrows. Later John went on to marry and lived until he was 50 he also had a child but before he died he taught in different military schools to raise future generations. He also left a lot of crazy tails behind for us to hear about. He also had received a lot of battle scars on his body.
