महिलाविरुद्धका सबै प्रकारका विभेद र हिंसाको अन्त्य गरी महिलाहरूको हक तथा अधिकारको सुरक्षा र प्रवर्द्धन गर्नुलाई पनि महिला सशक्तीकरण भनिन्छ । मुख्य रूपमा राज्यले अधिकारमा आधारित विकाश अवधारणाको अवलम्बन गरी नीतिगत, कानुनी र संस्थागत सुधारका साथै विकाशका कार्यक्रमहरू सञ्चालन गरी विभेदकारी कानुनहरू हटाई हरेक क्षेत्रमा महिलाहरूलाई सहभागिता गराई महिलाले आफूमा आएका समस्याहरू आफैँले समाधान गर्नु महिला सशक्तीकरण हो । नेपालमा महिला सशक्तीकरणको कुरा धेरै उठे पनि केवल महिला चुलाचौकामा मात्र सिमित छन् । उनीहरू आफैँ आफूमै निर्भर हुन्छु भने पनि उनीहरूलाई किन जानु पर्यो बाहिर काम गर्न चाहिएको कुरा हामी नै दिइहाल्छौ भन्ने कुरा घरका पुरुष सदस्यले भन्छन् । महिलालाई घर, चुलोचौका र छोराछोरी हुर्काउने बढाउने भनी घरमै सिमित गराइको पाइन्छ, जसले गर्दा उनीहरू आर्थिक रूपमा सबल हुन सकेका छैनन् । त्यसैले महिला  सानो सानो कामको लागि पनि अरूमा निर्भर रहनु पर्ने अवस्था नेपाली समाजमा छ ।
कतिपय विकसित देशमा महिला आफ्नो पेसाबाहेक मानव जातिको उत्थानका लागि दिनरात काम गरिरहेका हुन्छन् । त्यति मात्रै होइन पुरूषलेभन्दा बढी महिलाले नै परिवारको लागि समय खर्चेका हुन्छन् । ती महिलाहरूका कारण पुरुषले पनि प्रशंसाको माला भिरेका हुन्छन् । त्यस्ता महिला समाज र राष्ट्रमा छुट्टै पहिचान बनाउनसमेत सफल भएका छन् ।
नेपालमा पनि इतिहासमै पहिलोपटक नेपालले राष्ट्रपति, सभामुख र प्रधानन्यायाधीश जस्ता देशका उच्च पदमा महिला पुगिसकेका छन् । महिलाले पनि अवसर पाएमा जुनसुकै र जस्ताेसुकै काम पनि गर्न सक्छन् भन्ने कुरा पुष्टि भइसकेकाे छ । यसले विश्वभर नेपाललाई फरक पहिचान पनि दियो । यति हुँदाहुँदै पनि अहिले  निर्णय प्रक्रियामा पुरुष नै देखिएकाले पुरुष नै निर्णायक तहमा भएकाे हामीले देखेकै छाैँ । 
नेपालको संविधानले हरेक क्षेत्रमा महिलाको ३३ प्रतिशत सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गरिसकेको छ । यसमा स्वयं नै सचेत र जागरुक हुनु जरुरी छ । विभिन्न खाले महिला हिंसा अन्त्य गर्नका लागि पहिलो कुरा महिलालाई सचेत बनाउनु आवश्यक छ । महिला सशक्तीकरणले दिएका थुप्रै अवसरहरूका कारण महिलाहरू सामाजिक राजनीतिक आर्थिक विभिन्न स्थानमा अघि बढ्दै गएका छन् । महिला सशक्तीकरणका लागि महिला आफैँ सचेत भई अघि बढ्नुपर्छ । यसका लागि सरकार र सराेकारवाला निकाय सबैले महिलालाई साथ दिनुपर्छ । सहरमा मात्र नभएर गाउँगाउँमा महिला शिक्षा र महिला सहभागिता  हरेक क्षेत्रमा हुनुपर्छ । यस कार्यमा पुरुषकाे पनि साथ र सहयाेग उत्तिकै आवश्यक हुन्छ । महिलाहरू शिक्षित भएर आफ्नो जीवन निर्वाह गर्न सकून् भनेर उनीहरूलाई लागि शिक्षा अनिवार्य बनाउनुपर्छ । महिलाको आत्म-मूल्यको भावना बुझेर उनीहरूको आफ्नै छनौटहरू निर्धारण गर्ने क्षमता उनीहरूलाई नै दिनुपर्छ । 
 

Women are not given much opportunities in Nepal. They are considered to be weak as compared to men. Proving this wrong, many women have stood out in the society doing works that are praiseworthy. Pushpa Basnet is one of them. Pushpa Basnet is a popular name in Nepali society. She was born in Kathmandu. She is a social worker and the founder of the Butterfly Home. It is an organization working under Pushpa Basnet that provides daycare programs to children.

During her childhood days Pushpa was an average student. She has not passed SLC. Due to this her friends and relatives criticized her. They stated that their parents should have invested their money in something else rather than educating their daughter. Their parents still supported her. She continued her studies on social work. She enjoyed helping others and exploring the world rather than studying in a corner. She wanted to live a democratic life. This made her family upset. Once she had visited Sundhara jail for some college work and saw the children in jail. They came along with their parent(s). This shocked her. She was upset knowing the fact that the children had to live in prison for something that was not their fault and had to face consequences for their parent’s deeds. This motivated her to open ECDC. People were shocked to hear her. She was just about 21 years old when she decided to open the organization. Most of the people didn't believe her words. But she did not go back on her words and decided to establish an organization to secure those children’s future and free them from the prison. She established this non profit organization in order to free those innocent children from jail. To make those children’s future bright she decided to take care of the children herself. She was just 21 back then. She had to face many obstacles in the beginning because people didn't believe she could take care of those children all by herself  at such a young age. She struggled a lot and finally was able to establish her own organization Butterfly home .

Her work did not go unrecognized. She was awarded with CNN Hero Award in 2012 and CNN Super Hero Award in 2016. Pushpa is an outstanding female. She is a role model for many people including me. She is a very inspirational and brave woman.

When there is nonconsensual sex activities between spouses,it is called marital rape. Marital rape has been a huge practice in most Asian household, not just Asian but the world as a whole. Many don't even are aware of marital rape. Especially in Nepal, marital rape is considered non-existent. Here, most people think that once you are married it is your job to satisfy your partner whether you like it or not. This is always only towards women. Women in marriage are forced to "satisfy" their husband even if they don't like it. Mainly women are victims of marital rape.
Marriage is no license to rape and men should know that. No one has any right to touch anyone without their consent. Not even a married couple to each other. The Supreme Court of Nepal declared marital rape to be illegal. The Criminal Code Bill passed by the Parliament defined marital rape as a criminal offence. Sub-Section (4) of Section 219 states, “If a man rapes his wife when he is still in marital relationship with her, he shall be sentenced to up to five years in jail.” Even though there is a law against marital rape, many women are still being the victims and are too scared to speak up. The funny thing is that a man can get away with rape after just 5 years in jail. They pay just 5 years for ruining someone's entire life. The way someone's emotional, mental and physical health is not taken into consideration is heartbreaking. Women are taught that it's their job to "satisfy" their husband, it is their job to make sure their husband gets everything they want. The force society puts down on women creates mentality that marital rape doesn't exist. And many believe it. Men feel superior to women because we as a society have been practicing the act without many voices against it. Many women still suffer in silence. Some don't even realize they are getting abused because they have been taught that abuse  is normal. Currently many women in Nepal know about these issues and many voice against it. Men and women together voice against this thing and many are educated about it. 
Even though there are some areas in Nepal where this education is not taught, small steps are taken which is a good thing. Personally I believe anyone, men or women, if they touch or do something to someone without the person's consent, they should be held accountable. Few years in jail is not enough punishment for those who think it is okay to  ruin someone's life. Consent is the key and people should be taught about it. Healthy relationships should be maintained in which both parties' opinions and views are respected. Every generation should be taught that invading someone else's personal life is not any act of superiority. Abuse in any form should not be excused. Especially in a married couple, to have a long and healthy marriage they need to respect each other in every aspect. 
 

इन्टरनेट कम्प्युटर विद्युतीय प्रविधिद्वारा विकास भएको एक विश्वव्यापी सञ्जाल हो । जुन संसारभरिका कम्प्युटरसँग सम्बन्धित उपकरणहरू एक-आपसमा  सम्पर्कमा रही विद्युतीय प्रविधिमा सूचनाहरू आदान प्रदान गर्न सक्छन । सन् २००० को दशक यता सूचना प्रविधिको क्षेत्रमा विश्वव्यापीरूपमा आएको तीव्र परिवर्तनको पछाडि प्रमुख कारण इन्टरनेट नै हो । सुरुका दिनहरूमा इन्टरनेटको प्रयोग पुरानो टेलिफोन र भू-उपग्रह प्रविधि मार्फत् उपलब्ध थियो । इन्टरनेट सेवा एक विशेष तर सानो आकारबाट सुरु भएर हाल सञ्चार, मनोरञ्जन, शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य आदि क्षेत्रहरूमा अभिन्न पक्षहको रूपमा प्रयोग हुँदै आएको छ । अहिले इन्टरनेटलाइ एक अपरिहार्य पूर्वाधारको रूप लिन सकिन्छ  । कतिपय देशमा इन्टनेट सेवालाइ मानव अधिकारकै रूपमा लिइन्छ ।
संसारभरि छरिएर रहेका करोडौँ कम्प्युटरहरूबिचको सञ्जाल नै  इन्टरनेट हो । कम्प्युटरहरू एक आपसमा विभिन्न माध्यम जस्तै धातुका तार, फाइबर अप्टिक तार, तारबिहीन प्रविधिबाट जोडिएका हुन्छन् ।  कम्प्युटरहरूबिच सूचना आदान प्रदान गर्न विभिन्न प्रोटोकलहरू प्रयोग गरिएका  हुन्छन् । प्रोटोकल  त्यो नियम हो जसले भिन्न प्रकारका हार्डवेयरलाई एकै प्रकारको सेवा सञ्चालन गर्न निर्देश गर्छ । नेटवर्क सञ्जालहरू विभिन्न प्रकारका हुन्छन् । जस्तै लोकल एरिया नेटवर्क (LAN), वाइड एरिया नेटवर्क (WAN), मेट्रोपोलिटन एरिया नेटवर्क (MAN), स्टोरेज एरिया नेटवर्क (SAN) इत्यादि । यस्ता लाखौँ सञ्जालहरूबिचको सञ्जाल इन्टरनेट नै संसारकै सबैभन्दा ठुलो सञ्जाल हो ।
वर्तमान युग इन्टरनेटको युग हाे । अहिले हामी इन्टरनेटको युगमा बाँचिरहेका छौँ । विकाश र विज्ञानकाे युगमा इन्टरनेट जीवनको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग भएको कुरालाई हामी नकार्न सक्दैनाैँ । अझ भनाैँ कि इन्टरनेटविना मानिसकाे जीवन अन्धकारमय नै हुन्छ । इन्टरनेट उच्च विज्ञान र आधुनिक प्रविधिको आविष्कार हो । हाल विभिन्न कार्यालय, सङ्घसंस्था, बैङ्किङ क्षेत्र, विश्वविद्यालय, विद्यालयलगायत मन्त्रालय ,सरकारी ठाउँहरूमा इन्टरनेटकाे प्रयाेग हुँदै आएकाे छ । 
काेभिड १९ को महामारीमा धेरै मानिसले इन्टरनेटको प्रयोग गरी घरमै बसेर काम गरे। विद्यालय तथा विश्वविद्यालयको पठनपाठनको स्रोत पनि इन्टरनेट नै बन्यो । जुन ठाउँमा इन्टरनेटको पहुँच थिएन, ती ठाउँका बालबालिकाहरूले अनलाइन कक्षा लिन पाएनन् ।  अहिले कोभिडको तेस्रो महामारी चल्दा पनि हामी इन्टरनेटको सहायताले घरमै बसेर अनलाइन कक्षा लिइरहेका छौँ । यसैले इन्टरनेट मानव जीवनकै एक महत्त्वपूर्ण पाटो साबित हुँदै गइरहेको छ।  

 

पहिलो लकडाउन अघि म मेरो परिवारसँग कालिञ्चोक घुम्न गएकी थिएँ। कालिञ्चोक घुम्न गएको पनि २ वर्ष भइसकेछ । हामी हिमाली देशका नागरिक भने पनि हिमाली जिल्लामा बसोवास नगर्ने मानिसले हिउँ देख्ने कुरा केही असम्भव पनि हो । यदि चाहना भयो भने त्यती असम्भव पनि होइन । त्यतिबेला जाडोको मौसम थियो। हल्का हल्का पानी परेको थियो । त्यतिबेला कालिञ्चोकमा हिउँ परेको थियो । मैले आफूले जान्ने भएदेखि हिउँको प्रत्यक्ष अनुभव यो नै पहिलो थियो ।

कालिञ्चोक जाने कुरा भएपछि हामीले एउटा कार रिजर्भ गरेका थियौँ । हामी काठमाडौँबाट करिब ९:०० बजेतिर त्यता प्रस्थान गरेका थियौँ । ठ्याक्कै समय त याद छैन तर धेरै समय लागेको थियो; हामीलाई त्यहाँ पुग्न । बाटो धेरै चिप्लो भएकाले कारलाई त्यहीँ बिचमा छाेडेर हामी अर्को बस फेरेर त्यहाँ पुगेका थियौँ । हामी त्यहाँ पुग्दा अँध्यारो हुन थालिसकेको थियो । त्यहाँ गएपछि हामी एउटा होटलमा गयौँ । त्यस होटेलमा फायर क्याम्पको व्यवस्था भएकाले हामी केही समय आगो ताप्दै बस्यौँ । निकै जाडो भएको समयमा आगो ताप्न पाउँदा निकै आनन्द आएको थियो। त्यसपछि खाना खायौँ । निकै थाकेका पनि थियौँ त्यसैले  केही बेरपछि होटलमा गई सुत्यौँ । निकै चिसो भएकाले भोलिपल्ट बिहान उठ्न पनि मन लागेको थिएन । तैपनि मन्दिर दर्शन गर्न भनेर गएकाले हाम्रो उद्देश्य पूरा गर्नका लागि तयार भएर मन्दिर जान निस्कियौँ । केवलकार चढ्दा निकै रमाइलो लाग्यो । केवलकार चढेर जति माथि गयो त्यति नै सास फेर्न गारो हुँदो रहेछ । जति माथि गयो त्यति नै चिसो पनि बढी नै थियो ।

मन्दिर दर्शन गरेपछि हामीले केही फोटाहरू खिच्यौँ । निकै भोक पनि लागेको थियो । फेरि हामी केवलकार चढेर तल झर्‍यौँ । बिहानको नास्ता गरेपछि हिउँमा  खेल्ने भनेर निस्कियौँ हिउँ खेल्नलाई । हिउँमा बडो आनन्दले खेल्यौँ । निकै रमाइलो भएको थियो। हिउँमा रमाएका फोटा पनि खिच्यौंँ। हिउँमा खेल्ने र फोटा खिच्ने मानिसको निकै भिड थियो । त्यसपछि  खाना खायौँ र दिउँसोतिर सामान  प्याक गरी काठमाडौँ फर्कियौँ । बेलुका सात बजेतिर सकुशल काठमाडौँ आइपुग्‍यौँ ।

Angela Merkal is a German born politician who brought extreme change in the landscape of European / International  politics by her charisma, work ethic and leadership. She is one of the most influential world leaders. Angela Merkal was born on 17 July 1954. She has quite a strong educational background; she graduated from Karl Max University and also she was awarded a doctorate for her thesis on quantum chemistry in 1986 which makes her accomplished no only in politics but also having a vast array of knowledge in terms of physics which led her to be a politician who is not only knowledgeable in politics but also on science and other fields and is called the most powerful woman according to the guardian.

Angela Merkal was born on 17 July 1954 in west Germany and had to move to east Germany because of her father’s job transferral. She would grow up to be the first female chancellor of Germany and one of the most powerful people. Angela Merkal was raised in a small town in East Germany called Templin. She grew up under the communist rule of East Germany under oppression of the people though being suppressed under oppression she went on becoming the leader of Germany and the de facto leader of the European Union because of her strong sense of objective and her clear cut vision.

She joined politics as a spokesperson at the fall of east Germany and rapidly rose through the ranks and was elected into the German parliament in 1990 and by the year 1994 she was the Minister of the environment and by the year 2000 she was the leader of the Cristian Democratic Union. Angela Merkal is mostly known for her involvement in the solving of the euro-zone debt crisis. In the global economic recession that hit the world in 2008 Angela Merkal played a huge role in making Europe financially stable as being one of the strongest economies in Europe.  Angela Merkal played a huge role in stabilizing the euro because of the poor financial state of many European countries at the time such as Greece and Spain by giving them loans which to some extent helped stabilize the economy of Greece and the rest of Europe.

As one of the most influential people of the century she has helped Germany and the European Union through her never ending dedication. Not only did she improve the condition in her country but shaped the European continent as we know of and her end of her career is to bring a weaker bond in the EU and the diminished European identity.
 

In a democratic country around the world it has been discussed heavily but the outcome has not been quite clear. It is a topic about debate but still has not come to a proper conclusion.there are few points on either side that makes cases for either viewpoints but a simple answer to the question cannot be found. Everyone should be required by law to vote. Democracy or the election would not work if the large or many people won't participate.   Election and voting is all done for choosing the right person for a certain position. Casting a vote should be made mandatory. there is no use for an election if many people don't participate in it.  If compulsory voting is practised in the country then it will be mandatory for every person to vote. If not they have to bear some consequences. After a law is made for compulsory voting it will surely have positive effects as well and negative too so it is a heavily debated topic because it has both sides.first talking about the positive sides of it making voting mandatory helps a lot to get votes from every part of the section rather than from only one part. One candidate will be winning the election from the  vote of every citizen rather than just from a particular section as said before. then the people participating in the election will be higher. if the more number of people will vote then the winning  candidate would be favourite among all the people and would definitely  Represent the majority of the people People voting.Higher the number of voter the better decision taking can take place better for country and people as people take their future and decision in their own hands. It a right person is selected from the voting process then it is beneficial for the country and citizens. A person who is selected from the majority of votes will surely be the best and capable one. Voting will also help people to learn about politics. If the voting would not be compulsory then many people would surely avoid voting. A wrong decision can be made. In many countries voting is made compulsory. If one doesn't vote then he\she has to face consequences. They have to pay a fine or face any other problems too. If a country makes a rule of compulsory voting then every citizen must vote which also means that it can cause an effect on our rights. It can also be called forceful work. A government should not force people to vote. We have got many duties to follow and rights too but the government cannot force us to do your duties. We have rights to do many things but it is not possible that we do everything mandatorily. Citizens have the right to follow and do whatever they want to do within the law. So we cannot force them to follow their duties. Even if a person doesn't like any of the candidates he or she must have to follow the law and vote. So the voting must be mandatory or not cannot be fixed or can come to a conclusion of yes or no answer because it has both the negative and positive side. Whether the voting becomes mandatory or not it is the duty of citizens to follow it and we must vote to make a deserving candidate leader of the country for the betterment.
 

स्वास्थ्य मानिसकाे जीवनकाे अमूल्य पाटाे हाे । स्वस्थ्य जीवनशैली नै मानिसकाे जीवन जिउने आधार हाे। मानिस स्वस्थ हुनका लागि शारीरिक र  मानसिक स्वास्थ्य पनि स्वस्थ हुनु उत्तिकै आवश्यक हुन्छ । मानसिक स्वास्थ्य भनेको हाम्रो दिमागलाई स्वस्थ राख्नु हो। राम्रो जीवनका लागि शारीरिक र मानसिक स्वास्थ्य दुवै उत्तिकै महत्त्वपूर्ण छन् । 
मानसिक स्वास्थ्य राम्रो भएका मानिसहरू कठिन परिस्थितिहरूलाई सजिलै व्यवस्थापन गर्न सक्छन्।  मानसिक स्वास्थ्यलाई नराम्रो प्रभाव पर्ने धेरै कुराहरू हुन्छन् । हरेक मानिसको जीवनका आफ्नै समस्याहरू हुन्छन र ती समस्याहरूले मानिसको दिमागमा तनाव उत्पन्न गर्छन् । जसरी हामी शारीरिक रूपमा बिरामी हुन्छौँ, त्यसरी नै हामी मानसिक रूपमा पनि बिरामी हुन सक्छौँ ।  मानसिक रोग विभिन्न कुराहरूले हुन सक्छ।  कसैको जीवनमा केही नराम्राे घटनाले पनि मानिस मानसिक तनावमा हुन सक्छ । उदाहरणको लागि कोही  मानिस आफ्नो बाल्यकालमा हुदा उसँग कुनै दुर्व्यवहार भएको छ भने उसको मानसिक स्वास्थ्य कलिलो उमेरदेखि नै बिग्रिँदै जान सक्छ । सानो उमेरमा बसेको डर निकाल्न निकै गारो हुन्छ । शारीरिक रोग निकाे भए झैँ मानसिक रोग पनि निकाे हुन सक्छ । मानसिक तनाव छ भने मनोचिकित्सकसँग परामर्श गर्नुपर्छ । यस्तै मानसिक स्वास्थ्य राम्रो बनाउन योग, ध्यान गर्नु आवश्यक हुन्छ। याेग ध्यानले मनलाई शान्त र शरीरलाइ फुर्तिलो बनाउँछ। यसले गर्दा हामीमा सकारात्मक ऊर्जा पैदा हुन्छ । मानसिक स्वास्थ्य राम्रो हुनका लागि आहार र  निद्रा पनि आवश्यक हुन्छ । 
मानसिक स्वास्थ्य समस्याहरूका धेरै लक्षणहरू छन् । कुनै काममा मन लगाएर ध्यान दिन नसक्नु पनि मानसिक रोगको एक लक्षण हाे । सानातिना घटनाहरूमा  तुरुन्तै रिस उठ्ने र आत्तिने पनि मानसिक स्वास्थ्यमा प्रभाव पार्ने लक्षण हो । यस्ता समस्याबाट टाढा रहन हामीले आफूलाई मन पर्ने काम पनि गर्न सक्छाैँ । यसाे गर्दा पनि मानसिक रोग ठिक हुन सक्छ ।  मानसिक स्वास्थ्य समस्याका कारण कतिपय मानिसहरू आत्महत्या गरेकाे कुरा हामीले सुनेकै छाैँ । विश्वका विभिन्न अनुसन्धानहरूले देखाएअनुसार १८ देखि २५ वर्ष उमेर समूहका मानिसहरूलाई मानसिक रोगले सबैभन्दा धेरै सताएको देखिन्छ । वर्तमानमा याे समस्या दिनानुदिन बढ्दै गएको छ । 
मानसिक रोगीहरूलाई चाडोभन्दा चाडो उपचार भएन भने यसले विकराल समस्या निम्तिन सक्छ ।  बालबालिकाहरूलाई विद्यालयमा पनि मानसिक स्वास्थ्यको बारेमा जानकारी दिनु पनि आवश्यक हुन्छ । सानै उमेरदेखि यसको बारेमा थाहा भयो भने उनीहरूले आफूलाई र अरूलाई पनि मद्दत गर्न सक्छन् । मानसिक  स्वास्थ्य स्वस्थ भए जुनसुकै काममा पनि ध्यान केन्द्रित हुन्छ।  त्यसैले शारीरिक स्वास्थ्य जत्तिकै मानसिक स्वास्थ्य  पनि महत्त्वपूर्ण छ भन्ने कुरा सबैले बुझ्नु जरुरी छ ।
 

मानिसले जङ्गली जनावरले जस्तै जीवन बिताएको इतिहासलाई हेर्दा हामी अहिले कति टाढा पुगिसकेका छौँ भन्ने थाहा हुन्छ । मानवजातिको विकासको प्रमुख शक्ति भनेको विज्ञान हो। यसले हामीलाई विज्ञानको आश्चर्यबारे सोच्न बाध्य बनाउँछ । विज्ञान कसरी हाम्रो जीवनमा वरदान  सिद्ध भएको छ ? सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण कुरा विज्ञानले ठुलो मानव सभ्यताको विकास गर्न मद्दत गरेको छ । आज मानिसले जति प्रगति गरेको छ त्यो सबै विज्ञानको मद्दतले मात्रै सम्भव भएको हो। 
विज्ञानका फाइदाहरू एउटै क्षेत्रमा मात्र सीमित छैनन्, यो विश्वका विभिन्न क्षेत्रमा उपयोगी सिद्ध भएको कुरा हामीले देखेकै छाैँ। जब हामी विज्ञान र इन्जिनियरिङ आविष्कारको बारेमा कुरा गर्छौं, बिजुलीले संसार उज्यालाे बनाएकाे कुरा हाम्राे दिमागमा आउँछ, कम्प्युटर, इन्टरनेट, टेलिभिजन, एसी, अटोमोबाइल जस्ता उपकरणका साथै चिकित्सा क्षेत्रमा पुर्याएकाे योगदानकाे प्रशंसा जति  गरे पनि कम  हुन्छ । त्यसैले, विज्ञानले संसारलाई अकल्पनीय तरिकाले परिवर्तन गरेको छ।
मानिसलाई हरेक काममा सहयाेग गर्ने विज्ञानका केही बेफाइदा पनि छन्। हामीले यो कुरापनि  पनि बुझ्नुपर्छ कि कुनै पनि कुराको अधिक उपयोग गर्यौं  भने त्यो विषसमान हुन्छ । यदि विज्ञानको पनि दुरुपयोग गर्याैँ त्यसको परिणाम भयानक हुन्छ । विज्ञानले नै आविष्कार गरेका एटम बम परमाणु बम जस्ता बिस्फाेटक पदार्थका कारण विश्व नै भयभीत छ । यस्ता क्षेप्यास्त्रहरू आज मानव र विश्वसमुदायका लागि निकै घातक साबित भएका छन् । त्यस्तै विज्ञानका विकाशका नाममा प्रदूषण धेरै बढ्दै गइरहेको छ । विज्ञानकै कारण विश्वमा औद्योगिकीकरण हुँदै गएपछि प्रदूषणको मात्रा बढ्दै गएकाे कुरा वैज्ञानिकहरूलेसमेत स्विकारेका छन् । त्यस्तै बेरोजगारी समस्या पनि बढ्दै गएकाे छ ।  

निष्कर्षमा, हामी भन्न सक्छौँ कि पक्कै पनि विज्ञान आधुनिक युगमा मानिसका लागि धेरै उपयाेगी छ। तसर्थ, यसलाई मानव जातिको फाइदाका लागि सही रूपमा उपाेग गर्नुपर्छ। हामीले विश्वलाई विज्ञानको खराब पक्षबाट बचाउन यी वैज्ञानिक आविष्कार र उपकरणहरूलाई सदुपयाेग गर्नुपर्छ ।
 

In the history of the US, there are many times that white people have enjoyed such legal and social privileges that have been denied to other people who belong to minor races and groups. Racism in the US has existed since the 1600s and even though there are many associations working together to abolish it, there are still many people who believe in racism. However, racial politics has been the main cause of the existence of racism in the US. Imagine the victims asking for justice to the government which is a racist system itself. This has been a serious issue in recent years, especially when much evidence was uncovered about it on the internet. There was this recent news, posted by CNN International about the authorities in California dismissing 90 cases due to the involvement of Torrance Officers under investigation for racist and homophobic texts. It shook me since the police were involved in racism when their responsibility was actually to take action against it.

The news reported that there were many photos of the ‘people of color’ being hanged and being disrespected. This case had enough evidence of discrimination and racism, however, still, no officer was charged with criminal charges since the government’s reputation and its trust among the people was at the stake. Knowing about racism in the country and in the country’s government is different since the government makes decisions for the country, and if the government itself is hollow then only the citizens and people can change the system.  In the US, many police departments have taken a step towards racism by using violence against the people  of color who are just as normal as everyone else. There was this incident of a police officer who pressed his knee on Jay Pharoah, a celebrity, for approximately 10 minutes choking him and at the end just left saying it was a mistake. It all happened just because his body color was different, however it was brought into the internet since he was famous. If that had happened to a normal person, it would have been suppressed by the government and this issue would never have come into light.

This has raised a debate among the public regarding the police’s racist behaviors. In the US, black people are suspected, and messed around with even when they are innocent. They are usually targeted with racist remarks wherever they go and also face life-threatening situations with the police which makes it hard for them to live a normal life, which is the only thing they wish for. In 2019, many unarmed black people were killed by the police leading this reality into many people’s lives who were unaware of the racism in the US police system. Public protests had broken out at that moment regarding the racial biases taking place inside the government but, of course the one in power wins. Which is exactly what had happened in the past and is happening in the present too. The whole  US police system is not to be blamed since many officers are innocent too, however most police departments support racism in the US and it has caused many debates against the US government. 
 

आफ्ना भावनाहरूलाई अभिव्यक्त गरेर एउटा कागजको टुक्रामा प्रस्तुत गर्ने माध्यम भनेको हस्तलेखन हो । हस्तलेखन भनेको शिक्षाको एउटा सानो अंश मात्र हो तर समग्र रूपमा शिक्षा होइन । शिक्षामा महत्त्वपूर्ण कुराहरू भनेका रचनात्मकता र विचारहरू हुन्;  जसले संसारलाई परिवर्तन गर्न सक्छ । यो कुरा थाहा पाउँदा छक्क पर्नु हुनेछ कि प्रतिभाशाली व्यक्तिहरूको प्रायः हस्तलेखन खराब हुन्छ किनभने तिनीहरूको दिमागले तिनीहरूको हातभन्दा छिटो काम गरिरहेको हुन्छ । सायद त्यसैले गर्दा सर आइज्याक न्युटन, अल्बर्ट आइन्स्टाइन, जर्ज ओरवेल, रोल्ड डाल र अन्य प्रसिद्ध लेखकहरूको हस्तलेखन राम्रो थिएन । बिल गेट्सजस्ता उद्यमीको हस्तलेखन राम्रो छैन। यदि उनीहरूले आफ्नो हस्तलेखनमा मात्र ध्यान केन्द्रित गरेको भए उनीहरू आज हामी जसलाई चिन्छौँ, त्यो बन्ने थिएनन् होला । के तपाईंले कसैलाई चिन्नुभएको छ जो केवल उत्कृष्ट हस्तलेखन भएको कारणले प्रसिद्ध भएको छ ? छैन होला र यहाँ सानो प्रतियोगिताको विजेताको बारेमा चाहिँ कुरा नगरौँ । एकपटक आफैँलाई एउटा प्रश्न सोध्नुहोस् ! "कसले बढी इज्जत, नाम र कीर्ति पाउँछ; राम्रो हस्तलेखन भएको व्यक्ति वा सफल वैज्ञानिक, लेखक वा भनौँ, समाजमा ठुलो योगदान पुर्‍याएका व्यक्ति ? उत्तर आउँछ ती व्यक्तिहरू जसले आफ्नो कामबाट योगदान दिएका छन् न कि आफ्नो हस्तलेखनले । मनोवैज्ञानिक र ग्राफोलोजिस्टहरूका अनुसार राम्रो हस्तलेखन भएका व्यक्तिहरूभन्दा खराब हस्तलेखन भएका व्यक्तिहरू बढी रचनात्मक हुन्छन् । एक रचनात्मक व्यक्तिको ध्यान  सामग्रीमा बढी केन्द्रित हुन्छ र उसको दिमाग आफ्नो कामको सम्भावित परिणाममा बढी संलग्न हुन्छ । यदि एक व्यक्तिमा राम्रो हस्तलेखन बाहेक सबै राम्रा गुणहरू छन् भने; व्यक्तिलाई उनीहरूको हस्तलेखनको कारणले मात्र औँल्याउनु उचित हुँदैन । कोही भन्छन् होला कि हस्तलेखन पनि एक प्रतिभा हो तर राम्रो हस्तलेखन बाहेक हामीसँग अन्य धेरै प्रतिभाहरू हुन सक्छन्;  जसले हामीलाई जीवनमा अझ सफल बनाउन सक्छ । हस्तलेखन विद्यार्थीको ज्ञानको अभिव्यक्ति होइन । मेरो विचारमा त हस्तलेखन र ज्ञानको कुनै सम्बन्ध छैन । धेरैजसो मानिसहरू सोच्छन् कि राम्रो हस्तलेखनले राम्रो अङ्क ल्याउन सकिन्छ। यदि हस्तलेखन राम्रो छ तर लेखेको कुरा गलत छ वा प्रभावकारी छैन भने; हस्तलेखन जतिसुकै राम्रो भए पनि व्यक्तिले कहिल्यै राम्रो अङ्क  प्राप्त गर्न सक्दैन । अहिले टेक्नोलोजीको ठुलो विकास भएको देख्दा मलाई लाग्छ;  कलम र पेन्सिलको त प्रयोग नै गर्नु पर्दैन । लेख्नलाई इलेक्ट्रोनिक ग्याजेटहरू वा ल्यापटपहरूको प्रयोग गरिनेछ जहाँ हामीले सबै कुरा टाइप गर्नु पर्नेछ । भविष्यमा बालबालिकाहरूले टाइप गर्न सिक्ने छन् ।  अन्तत: हाम्रो हस्तलेखन राम्रो छैन भनेर हामीले नराम्रो मान्नु हुँदैन। यदि हामी साँच्चै राम्रो हस्तलेखन चाहन्छौँ भने हामी त्यसलाई राम्रो बनाउन हरेक दिन हस्तलेखनको एक पृष्ठ अभ्यास गर्न सक्छौँ तर मेरो धारणा के हो भने त्यही समय विज्ञान, गणित वा अन्य आफूलाई मनपर्ने कुरामा ध्यान केन्द्रित गर्ने हो भन्ने झन् फलदायी हुनेछ । के थाहा हामीले त्यसपछि केही सानदार विचारहरू भेट्टाउन पनि सक्छौँ । विद्यालयहरूले पनि आफ्नो शिक्षण पद्धतिलाई हस्तलेखन राम्रो भएको विद्यार्थीको खोजीमा नभई राम्रो प्रतिभा भएको विद्यार्थीको खोजीमा केन्द्रित हुनुपर्छ। हस्तलेखनको नाममा महान प्रतिभा र दिमागलाई नबिर्सिनुहोस् । विद्यार्थीहरूलाई उनीहरूको हस्तलेखनको आधारमा मूल्याङ्कन गर्नुहुँदैन । अन्त्यमा एउटा विद्यार्थीलाई हस्तलेखनको आधारमा मूल्याङ्कन गर्नु भनेको एउटा भर्खरै बनेको गाडीलाई नचलाइकन त्यसको मूल्याङ्कन गर्नु हो |
 

“Live life when you have it. Life is a splendid gift-there is nothing small about it.” This quote was said by the greatest nurse of all time; Florence Nightingale, known as “Lady with the Lamp”. In short she helped to improve the standard and prestige of the nursing profession. She is also considered to be the founder of modern nursing.

She was born in 1820 in a wealthy family and she had always wanted to be a nurse. But her parents opposed her goal. At that time nursing was not seen as a respectful and attractive profession. Despite her parents' disapproval she became a nurse. In 1853 the Crimera war broke out. This bloody conflict led to many casualties on both sides. In that war It was noted that the basic wounded soldiers were dying unnecessarily.  Later on Florence and her old friend Sydney Herbert travelled to Crimea to organise a group of nurses. Florence started to run the campaign and started tutoring about nursing. She also trained the other nurses. She was helped in using nurses by Elizabeth Fry’s school of nurses. Her base was in the staffed hospital at Scutari. There were insufficient beds, food and the place was dirty. In the beginning of nursing, nurses were not even allowed to treat others, only instructed to clean the hospital.

But in the chaotic condition and the overwhelming casualties, the doctor took the help of Florence and her team of nurses. Florence's effort and her attitude which included strict discipline for her other nurses who wore a visible uniform were greatly appreciated by the wounded soldiers. The positive news report also came back home. During her time in the Crimea, she was recognized as “The Lady with the Lamp”. By the time she returned home, she had become a national heroine and was decorated with numerous awards which included one from Queen Victoria. After the war she didn't appreciate the fame but she started to work for the improvement of the hospitals.

With the help of donations to the Nightingale Fund, she was able to start a training school for nurses at St Thomas Hospital, London. In 1853 she also wrote a note on nursing. Her writings and examples were highly influential in the direction of nursing in the Nineteenth Century. In 1910 august 13 she said goodbye to this world.