पढाइ भनेको व्यवहारिक बढी र सैद्धान्तिक कम हुनुपर्छ भन्ने मेरो मात्र नभएर धेरैको मान्यता रहेको छ । संसार अहिले धेरै परिवर्तन भइसकेको छ तर हाम्रो देशको पाठ्यक्रम भने अहिले पनि जस्ताको त्यस्तै (परम्परित )नै रहेको छ । अहिलेसम्म पनि हामी जीवनाेपयोगी कुराभन्दा बढी सिद्धान्तमा आधारित कुराहरूलाई प्राथमिकत दिँदै आइरहेका छौँ । के यस्ताे पद्धति उचित होला त ? मलाई त कदापि उचित लाग्दैन । 

केही समय अगाडिको कुरा हाे, हामी मानव विकास सूचकाङ्क निकाल्ने सूत्र पढिरहेका थियौँ । सोही कक्षा पढ्दै गर्दा मैले धेरै पटक हाइ पनि गरेँ । अनि ध्यान दिन पनि निकै नै गाह्रो भैसकेको थियो । मैले गुरुलाई सोधेँ, "जीवनको कुन चाहिँ मोडमा आएर मैले यो सूत्रको प्रयोग गरेर मानव विकास सूचकाङ्क निकाल्ने छु, सर ? गुरुले भन्नुभयाे, "के गर्नु नेपाली पाठ्यक्रम नै यस्तै छ । हामीले १-१० कक्षासम्म पढ्ने कुराको जम्मा १० प्रतिशत भविष्यमा काम लाग्छ । मलाई आफैँ मैले त्यो बेला पढेको कुरा याद छैन किनभने त्यो उपयोग नै भएको छैन, अहिलेसम्म ।" भन्दै प्रतिक्रिया दिनुभयो । यो कुरा सुनेर मेरो दिमागमा अरू धेरै कुरा खेल्न थाले । हामी सामाजिकका केही पाठहरूमा नेपाल अल्पविकसित राष्ट्र हो । अल्पविकसित राष्ट्रहरूमा घुसखाेरी धेरै मात्रामा हुन्छ । अल्पविकसित राष्ट्रहरूमा राजनीतिमा युवाहरूलाई छिर्न दिँदैनन् । नातागोतालाई बढी प्राथमिकता दिइन्छ भन्ने कुरा सुन्दै र देख्दै आइरहेका छौँ । त्यसपछिकै केही पाठमा हाम्रो देशमा गौतम बुद्ध जन्मेका हुन् । सगरमाथा पनि हाम्रो देशमा नै छ । विश्वका ७ सर्वोच्च हिमाल हाम्रो देशमा छन् । भृकुटी पनि हाम्रै देशकी छोरी हुन् । त्यसैले हामीले हाम्रो देशमाथि गर्व गर्नुपर्छ भनेर पढ्छौँ । अघिल्लो पाठसम्म भ्रष्टचारले सीमा नाघेको देशमाथि बुद्ध र भृकुटी जन्मिएका कारण गर्व गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने कुरा गर्दा मलाई त कहिले काहीँ हाँसो पो लागेर आउँछ । हुन त सबैको दृष्टिकोण र बुझाइ फरक फरक हुन्छ । मेराे कुरामा धेरै जना असहमत पनि हुन सक्छन् तर मलाई भने भविष्यमा चित्रकार बन्ने मान्छेलाई सलफरमा कति ओटा एटम छ भन्ने कुरा थाह पाएर पक्कै पनि कतै काम लाग्छ जस्तो लाग्दैन । हो, म मान्छु कि ज्ञान कहिल्यै धेर हुँदैन तर धेर नहुँदैमा सबै ज्ञान उपयोगी हुन्छ भन्ने पनि त छैन नि । एकजना शिक्षकले भन्नुभएको थियो कि ८ घन्टी पढाएर विद्यार्थीले धेरै बुझ्ने हैन उल्टै अल्छी लागेर केही बुझ्दैनन् । बरू दिनमा ४-५ घण्टी कक्षा राखेर ठिक्क पढायो भने बच्चाको मस्तिष्कले पनि दिनभरि पढेको कुरालाई बुझेर लेखेर र पढेर भ्याउँछन् । हुन पनि हो, एउटा कक्षा सकेर कापीकिताब थन्काउन नपाउँदै अर्को कक्षा सुरु हुन्छ अनि राम्ररी अघिल्लो कक्षामा पढेको कुरा याद पनि हुँदैन । हाम्रो देशका अधिकांश विद्यालय र कलेजहरूमा करियर काउन्सिलिङ वा केवल काउन्सिलिङ पनि हुँदैन । काउन्सिलिङ गर्नाले विद्यार्थीको मानसिक स्वास्थ्यको बारेमा ज्ञान हुन्छ र केही मानसिक समस्या छ भने त्यसको हल पनि गर्न सकिन्छ । करियर काउन्सिलिङ गर्ने प्रचलन सुरु गर्‍यो भने धेरै मानिसले जीवनमा के गर्दा र के बन्दा आफ्नो लागि राम्रो हुनेछ भन्ने कुरा थाहा पाउँछन् । आफूलाई के बन्न मन लागेको भन्दा पनि आफ्नो शक्ति र कमजोरीहरू के रहेछन् भनेर काउन्सिलिङले पत्ता  लगाउन मद्दत गर्छ । जसले गर्दा सबैले आफ्नो जीवनको सही उद्देश्य पाउन सक्छन् ।  

अन्तत: मेरो विचारमा हाम्रो देशको शिक्षा प्रणालीमा बदल्नु पर्ने थुप्रै कुराहरू छन् । यस्ता कुराहरूलाई बदल्न सकियाे भने पढाइ अझै प्रभावकारी हुनेछ । त्यति मात्र नभएर सरकारद्वारा छापिएका किताबहरू लामाे समयसम्म अद्यावधिक भएका हुँदैनन् । ४-५ वर्षदेखि एउटै तथ्याङ्क भएका र अद्यावधिक नभएका कारण हामीले निजी प्रकाशनबाट प्रकाशित बढी मूल्यमा किताब किन्नुपर्छ । राम्रो पढाइ भनेको उत्तीर्ण भएर मात्र हुँदैन । संसारका अन्य कुराहरूसँग परिचित हुनु पनि पढाइभित्रै पर्छ ।

नवदुर्गाको मुकुट भक्तपुरका चित्रकार जातका मानिसहरूले मात्र बनाउँछन् । हाल यो मुकुट पूर्ण चित्रकार र उनीहरूका परिवारले बनाउँदै आएका छन् । नवदुर्गा देउता राख्ने घर छुट्टै हुन्छ र त्यहाँ चाहिँ  वर्षभरि नै भक्तजनहरूको दर्शनको लागि राखिन्छ । नवदुर्गाको मुकुट बनाउनेहरूका लागि छुट्टै घरको पनि व्यवस्था गरिएको हुन्छ।

सुरुमा नवदुर्गा देवगणकाे मुकुट बनाउनका लागि कालो माटो ल्याइन्छ । त्यो कालो माटो जहाँतही पाइँदैन । त्याे माटो ल्याईसकेपछि त्यसमा  एक नम्बरी कपास मिसाएर लगातार तीनचार दिनसम्म कुटिन्छ । नवदुर्गा देवगणको मुकुद जम्मा तेह्र वटा हुन्छ । ती हरेक मुकुट लगभग दशदेखि तेह्र किलाेसम्मका हुन्छन् । एक मुकुट बनाउन लागि दुई जना मानिसले माटोलाई लगभग दुईदेखि तीन दिनसम्म कपास मिसाउदै कुट्नुपर्छ । यसरी हरेक तेह्र वटा मुकुट बनाउनको लागि माटो कुट्नको लागि तीस जना जति मानिसहरूकाे आवश्यकता पर्छ । यसरी माटोलाई कुटेपछि कुन देवगणको मुकुट बनाउने सोहीअनुसार त्यसकाे आकार दिइन्छ । सबै देवगणहरूको मुकुटको आकार दिई सकेपछि सबै मुकुटहरूलाई घाममा लगेर सुकाइन्छ । तीनचार दिनसम्म सुकाएपछि त्यो मुकुट रङ्ग लगाउनका लागि तयार हुन्छ । ती मुकुटहरूमा मसिना मसिना ब्रुसको सहायताले विभिन्न रङ्गहरू लगाइन्छ ।  मुकुट सुक्न लगभग दशदेखि पन्ध्र दिनसम्म लाग्छ । यसरी तेह्र ओटा मुकुट बनाउन तीनदेखि चार महिनासम्म लाग्छ । जसरी भए पनि नवदुर्गाकाे नवमीको दिनसम्म मुकुट बनाई सक्नुपर्छ । 

अहिलेसम्मकाे परम्परालाई हेर्दा यी मुकुट बनाउन र रङ लगाउन भक्तपुरका चित्रकारहरू जातबाहेक अरू कसैले सकेका छैनन् । मेरा बाजे र मामाहरूले यो मुकुट बनाउँदा मैले प्रत्यक्ष देखेकी छु । यी मुकुट हेर्दा जति आकर्षक र राम्रो देखिन्छ बनाउन त्यति नै गाह्राे पनि छ । हरेक देवगणको मुकुटमा भिन्दाभिन्दै प्रकारकाे रङ लगाउनुपर्छ । यसरी यो मुकुट बनाउने परम्परा बर्षौँदेखि चलिआएको छ । यो मुकुट हरेक वर्ष बनाउनै पर्छ र हरेक वर्ष जलाउनै पर्छ। 

Nutrition is the process of  providing any type of essential growth and for its proper growth is  also known as nutrition. A healthy diet is one that helps to maintain or improve our  health. It is important for the prevention of many types of health risks such as; cancer, diabetes, heart disease etc. Lack of nutrition can also be the reason for people's death. We need to avoid such food which has chemicals in it or food which damages our health, especially junk food. Many kinds of food with good nutritional value are good for our health. There are fats, vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals, and water etc. and many more are the requirements we need in our body. Water and vitamins are called protective nutrition, fats and carbohydrates are called energy producing nutrition which we require in our daily lives. A healthy diet is one that helps to maintain or improve health. It is important for the prevention of many types of health risks such as; diabetes, heart disease, cancer etc. Lack of nutrition can also be the reason for many people's death. There are different types of nutrition health problems such as malnutrition, marasmus, kwashiorkor etc.

Malnutrition is caused due to lack  of nutrition or overeating day to day life. Malnutrition is mostly found in poor or undeveloped country like Nepal where some women’s give birth and don’t get a proper diet and give birth to the child who have already been suffered from malnutrition .According to UNICEF,WHO, hundreds or thousands of children die every year due to malnutrition. In Countries like Nepal many children die due to lack of nutrition which causes death and for some rich countries people give high amounts of nutrition to their children to avoid malnutrition or lack of nutrition. Any type of improper diet also causes malnutrition .Poverty, Habits of eating a lot of Junk food ,lack of immunity, lack of nutritious food for children, etc. are the reasons for malnutrition. And these days Junk Food has been a common problem for everyone and to those children who eat junk food daily have  no idea of their future and their health results. Many people give their food priority to junk food as well rather than eating healthy food. Another disease like malnutrition, there is marasmus. Many people intend to go on an extreme diet which takes them to starvation. So, marasmus causes starvation. Due to lack of knowledge of nutrition, starvation, lack of healthy food etc. are the causes of marasmus. There are some symptoms like; unusual weight loss, dry skin, skinny look are the symptoms of marasmus. There should be a proper diet to avoid these types of diseases which are really harmful to our health and can also cause death in future. To overcome all diseases we need to have knowledge about it. We always need to be healthy and be ready to fight with the germs inside our body. We all must be aware of these things which are really harmful to our health. Students should especially focus on eating  nutritious meals as they require it the most.

Many people must have heard about |Bermuda Triangles or at least read about it somewhere. There are many rumors about the Bermuda Triangle about how planes, boats and ships disappear there. There are also many rumors about how the plane just vanished from the radar after reaching the point bermuda triangle. So what really is this “Bermuda Triangle”? Many people believe that supernatural forces pull down planes and ships under the water. Other people also believe that it's all because of aliens. The Bermuda Triangle is also known as the devil's triangle because of how all the planes and ships disappear. So are there really any superpowers or aliens in the bermuda triangle?

The Bermuda triangle is located in the North Atlantic Ocean of North America. It is a triangular spot in the Atlantic Ocean where all the planes and ships disappear. It is believed that October 11, 1482 was the first time when one airplane reported seeing strange lights there. 1800 was the first year when a ship disappeared. It just vanished out of nowhere. Many investigations started to find that ship but that ship was never found. The second case was of Uss Wasp which was a war-served ship that disappeared in the Atlantic Ocean with 140 people on board. It is not exactly known how many ships have disappeared in there but people believe that around 50 ships and 20 airplanes have disappeared as of now.

December 5, 1945 was when flight 19 with 14 people on board disappeared. Same day another plane lost searching for flight 19. 2020 was the last case of a ship disappearing. No one was able to find the remains of the ship or what happened to the people on the board just like before. There are many theories about why planes and ships disappeared in the bermuda triangle but there is no exact reason for why the planes and ships disappeared. No scientists have found the real reason behind it. Some of the theories of why planes and ships disappeared are huge waves that form in the bermuda triangle, magnetic forces that attract planes and ships, super natural powers etc.

So there are many theories with no real explanation on why planes and ships disappear in the bermuda triangle. This is still considered one of the strangest places on the earth. There are also many movies based on it. Scientists are still researching on why the planes and ships disappeared there. At the end no one knows the real mystery about the bermuda triangle and is there really some kind of supernatural force, is the alien rumors true or is it the magnetic fields or the huge waves formed in the bermuda triangle

नेपालमा पनि लाेकतान्त्रिक पद्धतिलाई आत्मसात् गरिएकाे छ । यति हुँदाहुँदै पनि नेपाली राजनीतिमा महिलाकाे सहभागिता पुरुषकाे तुलनामा न्युन छ । राजनीतिलाई एउटा खेलकाे रूपमा लिने परिपाटीले गर्दा नेपाली राजनीतिमा महिला पछि परेका छन‍् । 

हुनत महिलाले पनि समानता र राजनीतिक सहभागिताका लागि सङ्घर्ष गर्दै आइरहेका छन्  । पितृसत्तात्मक नेपाली समाजमा महिलाहरू भान्साकोठामा र घरायसी काम मात्र गर्ने परिपाटीका कारण उनीहरू पछाडि पर्दै आइरहेका छन् । सामाजिक, आर्थिक, सांस्कृतिकलगायत धेरैजसाे काममा पुरुषकै सहभागिता धेरै हुन्थ्याे । महिलालाई यस्ता काममा भाग लिन अनुमति थिएन । तर, आजकल महिला सचेतना, महिला सशक्तीकरण बढ्दै जाँदा केही अगाडि महिला पनि बढेकै छन् । अहिले महिला राज्यका हरेक निकायमा सहभागी हुन पाउँछन् । राजनीति गर्न, समाजसेवा गर्न, आफूलाई मन पर्ने पेसा अँगाल्न उनीहरू स्वतन्त्र छन् । नेपालकाे संविधानले महिलालाई पूर्ण अधिकार दिए पनि राजनीतिमा महिलाको सहभागिता किन कम छ त ? महिलाले आफूलाई कमजाेर ठान्नु र पुरानो समाजको प्रभावका कारण पनि  नेपाली राजनीतिमा महिला सहभागिता कम हुन सक्छ । केही अफ्ठ्याराे काम वा अवस्था आउनासाथ याे काम पुरुषको हो भन्ने उनीहरूको धारणा महिलामा भएकै कारण पनि उनीहरू पछि परेका हुन सक्छन् । २१ औँ शताब्दीमा आइपुग्दा पनि अझै पनि कतिपय महिलाहरू आफूलाई पुरुषभन्दा कमजोर ठानेका कारण पनि उनीहरू पछि परेका हुन सक्छन् । महिलाहरूको  राजनीतिमा चासो नभएर पनि हुन सक्छ ।

नेपालमा केही महिलाहरू राजनीतिमा सक्रिय सहभागी हुँदै देशकाे सर्वाेच्च पदमा आसीन पनि छन् । महिलाहरू राजनीतिमा सक्रिय भए भने तिनीहरूले परिवार समाज र राष्ट्र बदल्न सक्छन् भन्ने कुरा महिला स्वयंले बुझ्नुपर्छ । महिला अधिकार र हकहितका लागि सशक्त आवाज उठाउनु भनेकाे अरू महिलाका लागि पनि प्रेरणा मिल्नु हाे । महिलामाथि हुने विभेद हटाउन र समतामूलक समाजकाे निर्माण गर्न पनि महिलारूकाे राजनीतिमा सहभागिता हुन जरुरी छ । 

सञ्चार सामाजिकीकरणको एउटा पक्ष हो जसलाई हामीले सामूहिक सञ्चारको मुख्य माध्यम पनि भन्न सक्छौँ। यसमा टेलिभिजन, रेडियो, सामाजिक साइटहरू, पत्रपत्रिकाहरू जस्ता सार्वजनिक सञ्चारका माध्यमहरू समावेश छन् । व्यक्तिको पहिचान भनेको गुण, विश्वास, व्यक्तित्व, व्यवहार र अभिव्यक्तिहरू हुन्; जसले सबै मानिसहरूलाई भिन्न बनाउँछ । सञ्चारले आजका युवायुवतीहरूमाथि कसरी प्रभाव पारिरहेको छ भन्ने डरलाग्दा कुराहरू देखाउने समाचारहरू हामीले प्रायः देख्ने गर्छौँ ।  हिंसा, लैङ्गिक रूढिवादी र बढ्दो यौन अस्पष्टतालाई आधुनिक सामाजिक सञ्जालको खराबीको रूपमा उल्लेख गरिएको हामीले धेरै देख्न सक्छौँ । सञ्चारको प्रभावको बारेमा बहसहरू धेरै भएका कारण प्रायः सञ्चारको वास्तविक प्रभाव के हो भनेर बुझ्न गाह्रो हुन्छ ।

सञ्चारले युवाहरूको सामाजिक पहिचान निर्माणमा गहिरो प्रभाव पार्छ । त्यसैले सुरुमा पहिचान भनेको के हो त ? वास्तविकतामा हामी जन्मदा नै एक पहिचान लिएर जन्मेका हुँदैनौँ । पहिचान भनेको त समाजले बनाएको विशेषता हो । हामीले जीवनमा सिक्ने क्रममा जब आत्म अवधाराणा प्राप्त गर्छौँ; तब हाम्रो एक पहिचान बन्छ । अर्को शब्दमा भन्नुपर्दा, हामी को हौँ भन्ने कुरा आन्तरिक र बाह्य कारकहरूद्वारा नियन्त्रित हुन्छ । यस कारण इन्टरनेट र सञ्चारलाई अहिले दैनिक जीवनको बिस्तार र सांस्कृतिक परिवर्तनको एक उपकरण मानिन्छ । यसरी पहिचान सामाजिक अवधारणाको रूपमा अझ बढी विश्वव्यापी रूपमा रूपान्तरण भइरहेको छ ।

सञ्चारको यो रूपान्तरणले आजका युवाहरूलाई कसरी प्रभाव पार्छ त ? अहिलेको समयमा युवाहरू प्रतिदिन करिब साढे छ घण्टा सञ्चारमा कुनै न कुनै रूपमा संलग्न हुन्छन् । यसरी सञ्चारमा समय बिताएपछि सञ्चार अन्तरक्रियाका साथै मनोरञ्जन गर्न मिल्ने माध्यम मात्रै नभएर अनुसन्धानकाे सहयाेगी पनि बन्न पुगेकाे छ । सञ्चार यस्ताे माध्यम पनि हाे जसले तपाईं कस्तो प्रकारको व्यक्ति बन्न चाहनुहुन्छ भन्ने निर्णय गर्न चुनौती पनि दिन्छ । सञ्चारले सामाजिक तुलनामार्फत कसैको विचार लागु गर्न सक्छ वा नष्ट गर्न पनि सक्छ । समाजिकीरणको माध्यमबाट हामीले हाम्रो संसारलाई कसरी बुझ्ने ? हाम्रो आफ्नै पहिचान कसरी प्राप्त गर्ने  र अरूसँग कसरी उचित रूपमा अन्तरक्रिया गर्ने भनेर पत्ता लगाउन पनि सिक्छौँ । यो सिक्ने प्रक्रिया विद्यालय, धार्मिक संस्था, परिवार र सञ्चार जस्ता धेरै सामाजिक पक्षहरूको सन्दर्भमा लागु हुन्छ । उदाहरणका लागि मानिसहरूले कुनै अभिनेता, सङ्गीतकार अथवा प्रेरकको व्यक्तिकाे प्रशंसा गर्छन् र साेही बाटोलाई पच्छ्याउँछन् । यो कुरा एक व्यक्तिमा सञ्चारले पार्ने प्रभावको राम्रो उदाहरण हुन सक्छ । 

सञ्चारले व्यक्तिलाई दीर्घकालीन प्रभाव र अल्पकालीन परिवर्तनहरू पनि दिने गर्छ । उदाहरणका लागि विज्ञापनले मानिसमा छोटो अवधिका लागि विभिन्न उत्पादनहरू प्रयाेगमा प्रोत्साहन गर्छ तर मानिसहरूमा त्यो इच्छा दीर्घकालीन रहँदैन । सञ्चारबाट आएका यी अल्पकालीन प्रभावहरू कोही मानिसको नक्कल गर्ने, इन्टरनेटमा देखिएका अनेकाैँ कुराहरू समावेश हुन सक्छन् । यद्यपि यी अल्पकालीन प्रभावहरू आजको युगमा त्यति प्रभावकारी हुँदैनन् । किनभने यसमा मानिसहरू सचेत भइसकेका हुन्छन् । ती विज्ञापनहरूले मानिसमा भ्रम सिर्जना गरेका हुन्छन् । उनीहरूलाई थाहा हुन्छ कि उनीहरूलाई के कुराले प्रभाव पारिरहेको छ वा छैन भनेर । जब मानिसहरू विज्ञापनहरूबाट थकित हुन्छन् तब यसतर्फ ध्यान दिन छोड्छन् । सञ्चारले मानिसकाे व्यवहारमा केही प्रभाव पारे पनि परिवारले सञ्चारभन्दा बढी हामीमाथि प्रभाव पारिरहेका  हुन्छन् । हामी जन्मेको दिनदेखि नै प्रत्यक्ष रूपमा हामीसँग सञ्चार रहेकाले हामी को हौँ र हामी भविष्यमा के बन्ने छौँ भन्ने कुरामा सञ्चारले ठुलो प्रभाव पार्छ । 

व्यक्तिकाे पहिचान भनेको एक सामाजिक धारणा हो । जब हामी कुनै पनि सञ्चारमा संलग्न हुन्छौँ, त्यसले जुनसुकै रूप लिए पनि हामीले सञ्चारबाट भिन्नाभिन्नै विचारहरू प्राप्त गर्दछौँ । अर्काे शब्दमा भन्दा सञ्चार भनेको एक फरक कुरा हो जसद्वारा हामी अरू मानिससँग आफ्ना विचार आदानप्रदान गर्दछौँ र त्यसले हामी जस्ता युवाहरूको सामाजिक र बाैद्धिक विकाशमा ठुलो भूमिका खेल्दछ । 

We all know the 9/11 attack that happened in U.S. Osama Bin Laden, the founder of Al-Qaeda crashed a plane in the Twin towers in Manhattan, New York City. Before 9/11 on September 11, 2001, there was an incident in Nepal that led to this moment. Let’s roll back to the year 1994 in New Delhi. 4 British visitors were killed and the mastermind behind this was Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh. His motive was to free out 100s of prisoners friends from the Indian prison. He and his other friends tried to free them out many times but they were unsuccessful. They planned a new plan and one of the members, Dawood Ibrahim thought that hijacking a plane from Nepal would be the best option to free their friends. So, on 24th December, 1999 an Indian plane from Kathmandu, Nepal with destination Delhi took off from Tribhuvan International Airport. The Indian Airline Flight 814 with 176 passengers on board and 15 crew members was hijacked shortly after the takeoff. The hijackers instructed the Captain on board to fly to Lahore, Pakistan. After the Captain told the hijackers that the plane had insufficient fuel to fly to Lahore, they stopped at Amritsar. The Indian ATC (Air Traffic Control) was informed about this at around 4:40 pm. As the hijackers were armed and had threatened that they would kill all the passengers if the plane had not taken off sooner, they had to refuel the plane as fast as possible to avoid any casualties. The plane had taken off from Amritsar and was heading to Lahore. The Pakistani ATC did not allow the plane to land and had turned all the navigation lights to prevent the landing but as the plane would land on the highway, they turned the navigation lights back on. The plane landed in Lahore and so that the plane wouldn’t fly away, the ATC turned off the navigation lights. They tried to negotiate with the hijackers but were denied. The plane was then taken to Dubai’s Al Minhad Air Base and then later taken to Kandahar, Afghanistan. 1 passenger named Rupin Katyal was killed whereas Satnam Singh was attacked and survived. On December 25th, India negotiated with the hijackers and the hijackers released the passengers. The prisoners released from this contributed to 9/11 and the mastermind behind this was Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh. The security system in the Tribhuvan International airport couldn’t detect the guns that the hijackers were carrying and from this small mistake, it contributed and led to 9/11 in the U.S. 

नेपाली राजनीति विभिन्न अवस्था र समय पार गर्दै अहिलेको अवस्थामा आइपुगेको छ । नेपालमा किराँतवंश, लिच्छवीकाल,मल्लकाल, राणाकाल, शाहवंश हुँदै अहिले सङ्घीय गणतान्त्रिक राज्य बन्न पुगेकाे छ । नेपालमा धेरै वर्ष राणाहरूले शासन गरे । वि.सं. १९०३ जङ्गबहादुरबाट सुरु भएको राणा शासन मोहन शमसेरसम्म आइपुग्याे । राणा शासनको पतनपछि नेपालमा प्रजातन्त्रको उदय भयो । प्रजातन्त्र पनि धेरै समय रहेन । त्यसपछि राजाले पञ्चायती व्यवस्थाको सुरुवात गरे । राजनीतिक दलहरू जेल चलान गरिए । पुनः राजाका विरुद्ध आन्दोलन भयो । राजाले बाध्य भएर तिनै राजनीतिक दलहरूलाई फुकुवा गरे । वि.सं. २०४७ सालमा नेपालमा नयाँ संविधान आयो । त्यसपछि माओवादीको सशस्त्र युद्ध सुरु भयो । वि.सं. २०६२ / ०६३ मा माओवादी पनि युद्ध छोडेर नेपाली राजनीतिमा आयो । सबै राजनीतिक दल मिलेर राजा फाले । अनि नेपालमा राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य भयो । त्यसपछि संविधान सभाको चुनाव भयो । 

पहिलाे संविधान सभाकाे चुनावबाट नयाँ संविधान नबनेपछि फेरि अर्काे चुनाव भयाे र नेपालकाे संविधान  २०७२ लागु भयाे । नयाँ संविधान बनेपछि पनि नेपालकाे राजनीतिक र आर्थिक अवस्था त्यति राम्राे भएकाे छैन । जनताले चाहेअनुसारकाे विकाश निर्माणका काम जनप्रतिनिधिले गर्न सकेका छैनन् । देशमा राेजगारीका अवसर सृजना हुन सकेकाे छैनन् । आशा गराैँ अब नेपाली जनताले चाहेअनुसारका काम हाम्रा जनप्रतिनिधिले  छिट्टै गर्नेछन् । अन्तराष्ट्रिय स्तरमा नेपालकाे राजनीति एउटा उदाहरणकाे रूपमा हुनेछ  ।

This year, the price of petroleum products has increased many times, and even after that, the Nepal Oil Corporation had said that it was going to face a loss of Rs. 5 billion monthly. Since the price of fuel was growing on a regular basis, the people were in shock after gaining this information. It has affected several sectors of Nepal also including its economic condition. Due to this, several rumors about Nepal having an economic crisis, and ending up like Sri Lanka were created. Following the price hike of petroleum products, prices of vegetables have also increased affecting the lives of the normal people who are living with minimal salaries. Analyzing the current situation of the country, economists have warned the government to think of alternative ways to save the economic condition of Nepal. 

According to the economists, in the last fiscal year, Rs. 1.53 trillion was spent on imports, and out of them, petroleum products cost Rs 158 billion. However, in this current fiscal year, even though we are just halfway through it, we have already spent Rs 153 billion on petroleum products like petrol, diesel, gas, etc. It is predicted that Nepal would spend around $500 million more on petroleum products this year, than in the previous fiscal year. Since Nepal and Nepalese people’s lives are dependent on imports and since Nepal is also a landlocked country, most of the items were imported via road, however, with the fuel price hike going on, the price of the products imported are also increased. Due to this, the economic condition of Nepal, and its citizens have completely imbalanced and it is hard to live in Nepal due to the price hike. 

To control the negative balance of payment i.e. more imports than export and lack of foreign reserves, the government did put limitations on the import of various products in our country however it was not enough to solve the issue. To solve this issue, the government also brought the idea of utilizing its electricity source by promoting EVs (Electric Vehicles) instead of petrol cars, induction stoves instead of gas stoves, or similar products that can be used through electricity. However, this plan has also failed since there are no charging stations for the electric vehicles to charge, which is why the people hesitate to buy electric vehicles since even after buying them, they can’t use the vehicles to go far since they have their own charge capacity. Though the government is trying to find other alternative ways to solve this problem which is affecting the country’s economy, they are not thinking about the citizens and their problems. For example last year the government earned Rs. 938 billion in revenue and from that, 11 percent of the revenue was collected through the sale of petroleum products because the Nepal government still charges much more tax in petrol and diesel. After the Indian government had decreased its tax for the welfare of their people after facing the same problem as us, many people requested the Nepal government to decrease it too. However since the government needs to have three elections this year, and it needs funds to conduct polls, the tax was not decreased. According to the economists, politicians do use price hikes as their political tool so probably the price of petroleum products would not increase more after this time. However, not increasing the price of the products can lead Nepal Oil Corporation to bankruptcy. 

So, due to all these complications, the government has not been able to help the citizens and the citizens are going on with their lives paying the expensive tax and money for petroleum products. Though due to this, Nepal may not go into an economic crisis because we have our own electricity resources. However, this problem of price hikes can lead our country in the direction of an economic crisis. So these problems must be taken care of as soon as possible.   

जुन २५ मा विश्व बैङ्कले एउटा हिरा निकालेछ । यो हिरा साधारण नभई । एउटा छुट्टै किसिमको अनौठो हिरा हो । यसको मूल्य कारब १५ करोड डलर जति पर्छ । प्रख्यात अरबपति जेफ बेसोजले सो हिरा खरिद गर्ने निर्णय गरेछन् ।

अमेरिकाको एउटा सहरमा भेरोनिका नाम गरेकी बालिका समाचार सुनिरहेकी थिइन् । त्यस्तो मूल्यवान् धातु विश्वमा आएको कुरा सुनेर उनी छक्क परिन् । उत्साही पनि भइन् । आफूले थाह पाएको यो समाचार उनले हतार हतार आफ्ना बाबालाई सुनाउन जान्छिन् । उनको बुबाको नाम रोबर्ट जेकब्स थियो । उनी केही समयपछि लस एन्जेल्सबाट क्यालिफोर्निया जान लागेका थिए । बुबा ! बजारमा एउटा हिरा आएको रहेछ । त्यसको मूल्य १५ करोड डलर पर्दो रहेछ । त्यो हिरा जेप बेजोसले किन्न लागेका रहेछन्, “उनी कस्ता धनी मानिस रहेछन् हगि, बुबा” छोरीकी यस्तो कुरा सुनेर रोबर्ट खिन्न भयो । उनीहरूको परिवार मध्यम वर्गीय परिवार थियो । छोरीलाई धनी परिवारमा हुर्काउने उनको विचार थियो । तर सोचे जस्तो सबै कुरा सम्भव भएको थिएन । छोरीलाई केही नभनी उनी क्यालिफोर्नियातिर गए । 

बुबा गएको केही दिनपछि भेरोनिका समाचार सुन्दै थिइन् । समाचारमा १५ करोड बराबर मूल्यको हिरा चोरी भएको समाचार उनले सुनिन् । हिरा चोरी गर्ने चोरलाई पुलिसले पक्रेकाे थयाे । यो खबर सुनेर उनी छक्क परिन् । “आमा ! आमा !! यता आउनु न; त्यो १५ करोड मूल्य पर्ने हिराको समाचार आएको थियो ; नि त्यो हिरा त चोरी भएछ । अब पुलिसले ती पक्राउ पर्ने चोरलाई सार्वजनिक गर्ने तयारी गर्दै छन् रे । यहाँ आउनुस् न” भन्दै भेरोनिका आफ्नी आमालाई बोलाउँदै थिइन् । यतिकैमा आमा क्लारा त्यहाँ आएर समाचार हेर्न थाल्छिन् । अदालतले चोरलाई फाँसीको सजाय सुनाइसकेछ । यो समाचार जताततै फैलियो। चोरलाई अनुहार सबै छोपिने गरी कालो कपडाले छोपिएको रहेछ ।

एक जना पुलिसले उसको कालो मास्क खोलिदिन्छ । जब उनीहरू ( क्लारा, र भेरोनिका ) ले त्यो मानिसलाई देख्छन्। तब उनीहरूको मुटु छियाछिया हुन्छ। ती मानिस हिरा चोरी गर्ने जेकब्स थिए। आफ्नै आँखाले देखेको कुरा विश्वास नगर्ने पनि कसरी ? यो कुरा पत्याउन उनीहरूलाई निकै गाह्रो भइरहेको थियो । त्यसपछि जेकब्सलाई अन्तिम पटक बोल्न दिइयो ।

“म रोबर्ट जेकब्स, क्लारा र भेरोनिका यदि तिमीहरू मलाई सुन्दै छौ भने मलाई माफ गरिदेऊ । मैले मेरो परिवार सम्पन्न र खुसी बनाउनका लागि मैले हिरा चोरी गरेको हुँ। छोरीको भविष्य उज्ज्वल बनाउँछु भन्ने मेरो चाहना थियो । अफसोस मैले त्यो काम पूरा गर्न सकिन । क्लारा तिमीले छोरीका आवश्यकता पूरा गरिदिनु तर मैले जस्तो गल्ती नगर्नू ।” अलविदा !

Ludwig Van Beethoven is a German composer born during the Classical era of music. As many musicians say till this day he was a musical genius. His pieces spoke emotions like no other musicians. Beethoven started composing when he was very young. He made his first composition when he was 8 years old and continued it to his deathbed. He was very good at playing instruments like piano, organ and the violin but he couldn't improvise like Mozart or have elegance in his music like other musicians in the classical era but he was a genius at conveying emotions through his music. 

At the age of 28 Beethoven started losing his hearing due to the exposure to lead. He used to hear buzzing sounds which made it difficult to make music with high pitches and resorted to using lower notes in his music. By the time he was 30 the hearing loss was getting worse. He was scared that this would cause the death of his career so he kept it a secret and told the people closest to him. After 15 years at the age of 45 he was still composing but he had completely lost his hearing so he was basically shooting darts blindfolded. As his maid stated he used to play his piano he used to go closer and closer to the speaker. Music meant everything to him as he spent all his life devoting his effort and time to music. So how did he still compose? As Beethoven spent 40 years playing instruments and composing he knew what everything sounded like. He still composed at the cost of the elegance in his music. We can hear the struggle in his music, even in his sheet notes we can see the frustration behind every line of his music with scribbles all over the sheet.  

As every musician does he released all his frustration in his music and that's how symphony no. 9 came to life. Symphony no. 9 symbolized the power and struggle that he had faced day and night due to his hearing conditions. In conclusion, Beethoven is a great composer and we should face and try to overcome our disabilities just like Beethoven did. 

आफूले चाहेका जनप्रतिनिधिको छनोट गर्ने विधि एवं प्रक्रिया नै निर्वाचन हो ।  निर्वाचनलाई चुनाव पनि भनिन्छ । नागरिकले देशको शासन व्यवस्थामा प्रतिनिधित्व गर्नका लागि आफ्नो गोप्य मत दिएर निर्वाचित गरेका प्रतिनिधिमार्फत  उनीहरू शासन व्यवस्थामा सहभागी हुन्छन् । निर्वाचन विधि र प्रक्रिया सदैव स्वच्छ, स्वतन्त्र र विश्वसनीय हुनुपर्छ । फरक देशहरूमा फरक फरक तरिकाले चुनाव गरिन्छ । विश्वमा मुख्यतः बढीमत, बहुमत, समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व, मिश्रित र अन्य गरी ४ वटा निर्वाचन प्रणाली परिवारभित्र विभिन्न १२ प्रणालीहरू प्रचलनमा छन् । सबै निर्वाचन प्रणालीका आ–आफ्ना विशेषता छन् । निर्वाचन प्रणालीमा रहेको खास खास विशेषताका कारण मतको अवस्था उही रहे पनि प्रणालीअनुसार प्रतिनिधित्वको सङ्ख्या र स्वरूपमा भने फरक नतिजा आउँछ । संसारका सबैजसो मुलुकले राजनीतिक परिवर्तनको विशिष्ट अवस्थामा वा मुलुकले आत्मसात् गरेका खासखास मुद्दाको सम्बोधन गरी देशमा शान्ति, स्थिरता र विकाशका लागि निर्वाचन प्रक्रिया गर्ने गरिन्छ । 

नेपालकाे संविधान २०७२ मा नेपालमा प्रत्येक पाँच पाँच वर्षमा सङ्घ प्रदेश र स्थानीय तहकाे निर्वाचन हुने र जनप्रतिनिधि छानिने व्यवस्था छ । संसदकाे माथिल्लो सदन र तल्लो सदन दुवै सदस्यहरूको निर्वाचन हुने व्यवस्था नेपालकाे संविधान २०७२ अनुसार हुन्छ । नेपालको निर्वाचन गराउने काम नेपाल निर्वाचन आयोगले गर्छ। २०७९ वैशाखमा ७५३ स्थानीय तहकाे निर्वाचन सम्पन्न भइसकेकाे छ । नेपालमा ८ वटा प्रमुख राजनीतिक दलहरू छन् : नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी, नेपाली काँग्रेस,नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र), नेकपा, जनता समाजवादी पार्टी र लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी। 

अहिले निर्वाचित प्रतिनिधिहरूमध्ये कतिपय ठाउँमा स्वतन्त्र उमेदवाहरूले पनि चुनाव जितेर चर्चा कमाएका छन् । ती नयाँ र स्वतन्त्र उमेदवाहरूबाट जनताहरूले परिवर्तनकाे आशा पनि राखेका छन् । १८ वर्ष उमेर पूरा भएका नेपाली नागरिकहरूले मतदान गर्न पाउने संवैधानिक व्यवस्था छ ।