नेपाल चाडपर्व र धर्मसंस्कृतिमा धनी देश हाे । नेपाली समाजमा विभिन्न समयमा विभिन्न चाडपर्वहरू आइरहेका हुन्छन् । ती चाडपर्वहरूको आआफ्नै महत्त्व हुन्छ । यस्तै विभिन्न पर्वहरूमध्ये एक हो श्रावण १५ अथवा खिर खाने दिन । यस दिनको पनि विशेष महत्त्व छ । असार १५ मा दही चिउराको स्वाद लिएको एक महिनापछि अर्थात् श्रावण १५ मा रोपाइँको काम सकी खिर खाने चलन छ ।
 
हरेक वर्ष श्रावण १५ मा बालबच्चा, वृद्धवृद्धा अति प्रिय खाना खिर खाएर रमाइलो गर्छन् । पूजाआजा तथा पितृकार्यमा खिर प्रसादकाे रूपमा चढाइन्छ । खिरलाई पवित्र भोजनका रूपमा लिइन्छ। 

श्रावण महिना वर्षादको महिना भएको हुनाले यतिखेर रोगहरू धेरै फैलिने हुँदा पाैष्टिक भोजन अति आवश्यक हुन्छ । खिर दुधबाट बनाइने हुँदा यो अत्यन्त पौष्टिक हुन्छ । खिर पूजामा, पितृकार्यमा प्रसादका रूपमा भगवान्‌लाई चढाई आफूहरूले खानुका साथै घरमा आएका पाहुनाहरूलाई पनि मिठो भोजनका रूपमा खुवाइन्छ । खिर पकाउँदा राम्राे खालको बासमती चामल वा ताइचिन चामलबाट बनाइन्छ । खिर दुधमा पकाइन्छ र यसमा विभिन्न किसिमका मरमसला, जस्तै काजु, नरिवल, किसमिस, छोकडा आदि हालिन्छ । यसमा घिउ र सखर अथवा चिनी पनि हालिन्छ । यसरी बनाइएको खिर असाध्यै मिठो हुन्छ । यसरी बनाइएको खिर मिठो हुनुका साथै शक्तिवर्धक र रोग निवारक पनि हुन्छ । 

खिरको महत्त्व सांस्कृतिक रूपमा मात्र नभई वैज्ञानिक रूपमा पनि धेरै महत्त्व छ ।  यसमा हालिने मरमसलाले शरीरलाई पाेषक तत्त्व दिनुका साथै याे रोग निवारक पनि हुन्छ ।  खिरमा रोगसँग लड्ने र औषधीय गुण हुन्छ । ऋतुअनुसार प्राप्त प्राकृतिक पदार्थमा आधारित परिकार पकाएर खाने चलनअनुसार रोपाइँकाे काम सकेर थकान मेट्न र कामको चटारामा अलि आराम गर्न, समयमा शरीरलाई तागत दिन, अलि स्वस्थ रहन यो मिठो खिर खाइन्छ । 

श्रावण महिना धेरै वर्षा हुने महिना हो । यतिखेर जताततै हरियाे घाँस प्रशस्त पाइन्छ । गाईवस्तुले धेरै घाँसपात खान पाउने हुँदा प्रशस्त दुध दिन्छन् । श्रावण १५ मा खिर खानैपर्छ भन्ने चलन रहिआएको छ । त्यसकारण हरेक श्रावणको १५ मा घरघरमा मिठो खिर पकाई रमाइलो गरी खाने चलन चलिआएकाे छ ।

Bullying is basically an unwanted or an aggressive behaviour occurring mostly among school aged children. Bullying can impact people physically, emotionally, spiritually and mentally. Victims of bullying usually get anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress and suicidal thoughts as well.A person usually tries to bully someone who is physically weak or if the person has greater power and position over someone.

There can be many types of bullying, such as, verbal bullying, physical bullying, social bullying and cyberbullying. The most common of them all is physical bullying and cyberbullying.

Physical bullying is mostly observed among children or teenagers who are school aged. A child bullies someone if he feels like he is the strong one among his friends or he is jealous of what the other person achieves. This affects the victim in many negative ways. The victim, even if he is in a small age, can get suicidal thoughts or harm himself. It might be difficult for him to interact socially and can get depressed. On top of that, it can affect the mental, physical and emotional health during school years into adulthood. 

Cyberbullying is another form of bullying that occurs on the social website or online. In this 21st Century, almost all people have access to social media platforms. Keeping this in mind, most of the people get bullied, either by getting threat messages or getting hacked. A person can force someone to send him something that meets his requirements and if the other person denies, bullying starts from there. Either the bully gives the person threat calls and messages or he tries to hack the victim's profile and sends or posts private unwanted messages, pictures or videos. Cyberbullying has increased rapidly as people don't keep their passwords safe and open any spam mails without scanning them leading to a virus.

Bullying is a crime because it can hurt the victim in many ways, scarring their mind till adulthood. It can damage someone’s self-esteem. So, to control bullying, people have introduced an anti-bullying policy which ensures that anyone can learn in a supportive, caring and safe environment without any fear of getting bullied.

It is a well-known fact that the existence of life on earth is a mystery and it is impossible for scientists to present proof to support their ideas on their theory about existence of life. But let’s dive into something deeper, deeper than the Pacific and larger than the Atlantic. If we see our present scenario, we human beings along with numerous organisms are living within a large sphere called the earth and it has been the same from billions of years, starting from the evolution of the first plant life to today’s generation of humans. But no one still knows how this all started. Scientists claim theory about the big bang, but there still are many doubts that tend to oppose their theory. Even they do not have strong points and ideas that can claim everything started from the big bang.

Big bang suggests that at the beginning, there was just a small atom within nothing, a complete vacuum, and all of a sudden it exploded releasing a lot of energy emitted out from it and the universe was created. They also claimed that the universe, because of the released energy, keeps expanding on its own. However, the problem in this theory arises when a question is asked, “If the universe is expanding, what is it expanding into?” Albert Einstein said that the universe is equivalent to a sphere without any boundaries. But if there are no boundaries in the universe, and someone becomes able to reach the very end of it, where will they reach? This question might even arise in the brain of a curious child looking in the eyes of an adult waiting for the answer. But they get nothing because the answer to this is not even answered by any brilliant individual who has ever lived. Many scientists got involved in the research for these topics and many died without knowing the answer, many are still working to answer these questions. Michio Kaku, Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking are some of the brilliant individuals who have contributed a lot on these subjects.

In the sixteen years of my life, I have spent a lot of time staring at the sky at night, and looking at the bright stars that are about thousand light years away from me. But what makes me wonder is the fact that the stars that I have been staring at aren’t actually present in the current time, but they are only the light rays that have travelled about thousands of light years to us so we can observe it through our naked eyes. 

The question still remains, how did it all start in the first place? How did we all end up being here rather than any other places in the entire universe? If the universe expands, what does it expand into? What happens if someone reaches the end of the universe? Or What is the end? These questions are unanswered one. No one has ever managed to give a suitable answer for this question. Lots of research is going on and will be for even more centuries, until one day someone would actually come to humanity and prove that God is real!

मेरो देश नेपाल दुई देश, भारत र चीनको बिचमा अवस्थित छ । जे होस्, यो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय शक्तिहरूबिचकाे स्यान्डविच हाे तर हाल नेपालकाे द्वन्द्व कुनै देशसँग भएको छैन र यहाँ शान्ति छ । नेपाल विभिन्न जात, भाषा र संस्कृतिहरूको देश हो । अन्य शब्दहरूमा भन्दा यो विभिन्न जातजाति र पृष्ठभूमिका जनताका रूपमा रहेका फूलहरूको एक सुन्दर बगैँचाजस्तै हो । नेपाल प्राकृतिक सौन्दर्य र संसाधनमा धनी छ । नेपाल एक त्यस्तो देश हो, जुन समुद्रसँग जोडिएको छैन । यो  विकासोन्मुख देश हो । नेपालको कुल क्षेत्रफल एक लाख सत्चालिस हजार एक सय एकासी वर्ग किलोमिटर रहेकाे छ । नेपाल धार्मिक र ऐतिहासिक सम्पदामा पनि धनी छ ।  

नेपालमा लगभग १२६ जातहरू छन्, जसमा प्रत्येकको आफ्नै समृद्ध इतिहास र संस्कृति छ, जसले नेपाललाई सांस्कृतिक रूपमा धनी बनाउँछ । यति मात्र हैन, हाम्रो देश भौगोलिक विविधतामा धेरै धनी छ । हिमालय क्षेत्रहरूमा उच्च र शक्तिशाली हिमालयहरू छन् । संसारका शीर्ष १० अग्ला चुचुराहरूमध्ये ८ ओटा हिमाल मेरै देशमा छन् । यस्तो देशकाे नागरिक हुन पाउनु पहिले नै ठुलो गौरवको कुरा हो । विविध वनस्पति र जीवजन्तु, सुन्दर परिदृश्य, हरियाली र हरिया जङ्गल, ऐतिहासिक र धार्मिक स्थलहरू नेपालीहरू र विदेशीहरूको ध्यान तान्नका लागि पर्याप्त छन् ।

नेपाल एक कृषि प्रधान देशको रूपमा पनि चिनिन्छ, जहाँ साठी प्रतिशत मानिसहरूले कृषिलाई आफ्नो पेसाका रूपमा पछ्याएका छन् । हाम्रो देशको ठुलो ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व छ । गौतम बुद्ध, बौद्ध धर्मका संस्थापक र उपदेशक, जो विश्वव्यापी रूपमा चिनिएका छन्, नेपालमै जन्मिएका थिए । बौद्ध धर्मले शान्ति, अहिंसा र सबैलाई माया गर्न सिकाउँछ । राजा जनक पनि एक महत्त्वपूर्ण व्यक्ति हुन्, जसले नेपाली समुदायमा धेरै महत्त्व राख्छन् ।

बजारमा प्रतिस्पर्धा हुनाले भाउको स्थिरपन रहँदैन । आजको बजारमा महँगाइ निकै नै बढाइएको छ । नेपाली परिप्रेक्ष्यमा त सर्वप्रथम महँगी बढ्नुको कारण अधिकांश सामान विदेशबाट आयात गरिएकाले हो । त्यसमाथि देशमा अशान्ति, हिंसा, बन्दप्रकरण आदिले दिनप्रतिदिन महँगी बढ्दै गएकामा हाल काेराेना भाइरसकाे सङ्क्रमणका कारण उत्पन्न असहज परिस्थिति र लकडाउनका कारण त झन महँगीले आकाश छाेएकाे छ ।

बन्द भन्यो, बासी सामान पनि चौबर बढी मूल्यमा बेच्ने गरेको देखिन्छ भने स्थानीय बसोबास अन्यत्रबाट भरमार रूपमा जनसङ्ख्याको चाप बढ्नाले पनि महँगीले आकाश छोएको छ । राजनीतिक अस्थिरता, विदेशमाथि निर्भरता आदिका साथ वस्तुहरूको माग बढी भएकाले र वस्तुको आपूर्ति सीमित रहनाले पनि महँगी बढेको हो । अर्को, खाडी क्षेत्रमा भएको राजनीतिक उथलपुथलले प्रेटोलियम पदार्थको मूल्यमा वृद्धि हुँदै जाँदा अन्य वस्तुको पनि मूल्य स्वतः बढ्ने नै भयो । सवारी र ढुवानीमा महँगी बढ्नाले सम्पूर्ण बजार प्रभावित भएर महँगी बढ्यो । अहिले महँगीले आकाश छोएको छ।  छिमेकी देशमै कुनै सामानको १० पैसामात्र मूल्य वृद्धि गर्दा पनि लाखौँ जनता सडकमा ओर्लन्छन्, रेलमार्गमा सुतेर विरोध जनाउँदछन् जसले गर्दा १० पैसा मूल्यवृद्धि गर्न पनि १० पटक सोच्नुपर्ने हुन्छ । यहाँ एउटै सामानको लगभग सय रूपियाँ मूल्य वृद्धि गर्दा पनि खासै विरोध हुन्न । विरोध गरेपनि कुनै मूल्यबाट एक रूपियाँ घटाइन्छ तर वास्तविकतामा मूल्य वृद्धि गरिएकै हुन्छ । यहाँ एक रुपैयाँ घटाउने र ठूलो मूल्य वृद्धि गर्ने गरिन्छ । उपभोक्तामा जागरुकता नभएको हो कि यहाँका मानिसको सहनशीलता बढी भएको हो भन्ने यसैबाट बुझ्न सकिन्छ । यस्तो सहनशीलताकै कारणले होला, विदेशीहरू पनि हाम्रा दैनिक आवश्यकताका सरसामानको व्यापार गर्न यहाँ आउँदछन् र मन लागेजति भाउ बढाएर पैसा कमाउँछन् । यहाँ व्यापार भनेपछि मानिसहरूको दिमागमा लुट्ने र पैसा खाने सोच मात्र आउँछ । सामान मात्र होइन, यातायातले पनि यस्तै रूपमा मनपरी भाडा लिइदिन्छन् । यस्तो सबै हुँदा पनि कसैले पनि चुइँक्क आवाज उठाएका हुँदैनन् । यसले गलत मनोवृत्तिलाई बढावा दिन्छ । 

यस्तो अवस्थामा सरकारी संयन्त्र र उपभोक्ता सजग भई कालाबजारी आदिकाे बजारमाथिकाे नियन्त्रण हटाई केही हदसम्म महँगी वृद्धिलाई रोक्न अग्रसर रहनुपर्दछ । अर्को महत्त्वपूर्ण कुरा भनेको धेरैजसो मानिसलाई आफूमात्र बाँचाैँ भन्ने स्वार्थले हानी गरिरहन्छ । त्यसैले धनदेखि सामानसम्म सङ्ग्रह गरेर राख्ने बानीले अभिप्रेरित हुने गरेको पाइन्छ । यसैबाट महँगी बढ्न पुगेको हो । यसकारण आफू मात्र हैन, अरू पनि छन् भन्ने भाव यदि सबैले दिमागमा राखेमा अनावश्यक रूपमा सामानहरू जम्मा गर्ने बानी हुने छैन । यसबाट पनि महँगी बढ्न पाउँदैन ।

Prostitution is the act of engaging in sexual activity with someone in exchange of money or any other economic benefits. The act of prostitution is done by both men, women or transgender. Prostitution has been around in our society for centuries and there has been many arguments about whether it should be legal or not. Currently prostitution has been legalized in 53 countries and illegal in 35 countries including Nepal.
Across different countries whether the act of prostitution be legal or illegal, the effects of prostitution has been the same. Many countries legalize prostitution believing that it reduces crime rate, improves the public health, increases tax revenue, boosts Tourism and many more, but these optimistic beliefs are easily over shadowed by the many negative effects of prostitution.
People believe that legalizing prostitution will have some positive effect but legalizing prostitution itself will bring many other negative effects on the society such as objectification of women, normalization of violence against prostitutes, increases the rate of women trafficking, reinforcing gender inequalities. A lot of clients of prostitution have a disgusting mindset that if they paid the prostitute, they have the right to do anything to them which in terms has caused many criminal activities such as sexual assault, rape, women trafficking, etc. In the countries where prostitution was legalized many of the women working there were victim of sexual or physical abuse. Whenever a prostitute says “NO” to the request of the client, violence and force is used to receive “consent”. The countries with legalized prostitution also have higher rate of human trafficking than the countries where prostitution is illegal. Prostitution reinforces gender inequality as mainly the women are lured into the act of prostitution due to the higher number of male clients.
Even if prostitution is legalized it still has its negative impact. Legalizing prostitution does not change the fact the women working in the industry are getting assaulted or violated. In comparison to countries where prostitution is not legalized the crime rate is even high in the legalized countries. It has more negative impacts than positive one as commodification of the human body will have a different mindset. 

While the world was struggling with rising covid cases, Taiwanese were living their normal lives. It was May 2021 when Taiwan faced the biggest covid outbreak. Taiwan has been much appreciated for its phenomenal health care services like its 99% medical coverage to people and the infrastructure that has been set up. It is said that just 7 people have died from this virus. Taiwan has set up a National agency named Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC). During the outbreak, CECC would become the central public health authority that has access to information across all government agencies and will be the leading agency which will take all necessary precautions and actions to prevent the further spreading of the virus.. Over these 15 years, CECC was activated during three smaller outbreaks earlier. 
After a novel pneumonia case rose from China, CECC was activated again. The government implemented a smart card system that stored medical information digitally for each individual. CECC was able to integrate citizen’s travel data with their health care data which allowed them to assess risk at the level of an individual. The government came up with a strategy of dividing people into two segments: High risk and low risk. People who had recently traveled or could have been in contact with the virus were kept in 14 days quarantine, were considered high risk. Those people at high risk were taken by a quarantined taxi to a designated place with no physical interaction with anyone. Whereas, people with no health issues or who did not have any recent travel history were considered low risk. Those low-risk individuals were provided with a dozen masks, sanitizers and lived a normal life. 
With all these strategies in place, it was not enough to beat covid-19 in itself, additional strategies were put in place like everywhere else in the world. Strict lockdowns were implied throughout the country where no inter-country travel was allowed. People had to halt their lifestyles and stay home. 
Taiwan is still getting its outbreak under control, which is only possible through vaccination and the meticulous health care services that the country has. 

नदीको गड्गडाहट बनूँ कि
बनूँ म तलाउको स्थिर पानी ?
हावाको शीतल झोका बनूँ कि
बनूँ म आँधीको चर्को वेग ?
मन्दिरको देउता बनूँ कि
बनूँ म कुनै बालुवाभित्रको पत्थर ?
कोलाहलले भरिएकाे भिड बनूँ कि
बनूँ म शून्यताभित्रको शून्य ?
तँ देखिने दिनको घाम बनूँ कि
आफू देखिने रातको टोलाउने जून ?
तैँले देखाएको तँ बनूँ या
आफूले पाएको म बनूँ ?
तँ आफैँ भन् म के बनूँ ?
तँ आफैँ भन् म के बनूँ ?
 

Chernobyl Nuclear Facility consisted of four RBMK reactors out of which each reactor would generate 1000 Megawatt ( MW) of electricity. The Chernobyl Nuclear Facility was responsible for at least 10 percent of electricity supplied to Ukraine. Altogether the USSR consisted of ten 1000 RBMK nuclear power plants. On April 26 , reactor number 4 in Chernobyl exploded, marking it to be one of the deadliest nuclear disasters.
It was April 26 in the chilly afternoon of Saturday near the city of Pripyat, north of Ukranian SSR in the Soviet Union ( Modern Day Ukranian).Now the reason why Cheronobyl exploded can be partially explained because of the design fault but the other major issue it had, were the inadequate trained personnel inside the control room. The accident occured while running a safety test on an RBMK - type nuclear reactor.Chernobyl disaster is known to be one of the key factors which resulted in the downfall of Soviet Union.
To explain how serious the case was , 24 hours after the explosion, the exposed nuclear core produced radiation worth 40 nuclear bombs( the one dropped in Hiroshima).The longer the time the more radiation it would give.Today Chernobyl serves as tourist spot , it still isn’t operational and is still reactive. More than 49,000 people were evacuated, the officials stated it to be for a short period of time. To this date no one has returned and is by law illegal to live in Pripyat, which today is known as the exclusion zone.

There’s a series called Chernobyl on HBO where it has been explained well.
 

कानुन भनेको नियम हो । परिवार, समाज र राष्ट्र सबै नियमअनुसार चलेका हुन्छन्। राष्ट्रको मूल नियम भनेको संविधान हो । समाजिक मर्यादा, अनुशासन कायम गर्न सबै जनतालाई निर्देशन गर्ने काम कानुनले गर्छ । 

समाजमा अनेक प्रकारका मानिसहरू बसोबास गर्छन् । ती मानिसहरू सबै नैतिकवान् र नियम कानुनको पालना गर्ने खालका हुँदैनन् । अर्कातिर समाजमा आर्थिक रूपले कोही गरिब र केही धनी पनि हुन्छन् । गरिब तथा निमुखालाई धनीले थिचोमिचो गर्छन्, अन्यायमा पार्दछन् । त्यस्तो बेला कानुनको आवश्यकता पर्दछ । यदि कानुन भएन भने समाज मात्र होइन राष्ट्रमै निकै समस्याहरू बढ्दछन् र आउँदछन् । कानुनबिना अशान्ति पनि निकै नै फैलिन्छ त्यसैले सबै मानिसलाई नियन्त्रणमा ल्याउन कानुन निकै जरुरी छ । 

वास्तवमा कानुनले शान्ति सुरक्षा कायम गर्ने, जनधनको सुरक्षा गर्ने र राष्ट्रलाई कतैबाट कुनै प्रकारले क्षति हुन नदिने काम गर्छ । राष्ट्रको कानुनी दृष्टि मजबुत पार्न पनि कानुन बनाइएको हुन्छ । यसरी कानुनका आधारमा चल्ने राज्यलाई कानुनी राज भनिन्छ । कानुनले प्रमाण पाउन साथ त्यसैका आधारमा दोषी लाई दण्डसजाय दिने गर्दछ। कानुनी राज्यमा कानुन शक्तिशाली हुनुपर्छ । कानुन शक्तिशाली नभएको खण्डमा अनेकौँ विकृति देखा पर्न सक्छन् । यसले गर्दा कानुन पालना गर्ने र लागु गर्ने प्रश्नमा राज्यले कडा नीतिलाई अपनाउनै पर्छ ।

कोही कोही मानिसहरूले पैसाको लोभमा कानुन पनि मिचेको पनि देखिन्छ । हाम्रो देशमा सरकारहरूले पनि पैसा पाएमा कानुनलाई पनि क्षति गर्ने काम गर्दछन् । यसले गर्दा सबै मानिसहरूको हकले पनि मान्यता पाउने छैन । यसले गर्दा हामीले एकदम राम्रो र भरोसा हुने मानिसहरूलाई त्यस्तो पदमा राख्नुपर्छ ।

देशमा एकता र शान्ति ल्याउनका लागि कानुन निकै महत्त्वपूर्ण छ । यसले मानिसलाई अनुशासित बनाउँदछ । कानुनले सबै मानिसलाई नियन्त्रणमा ल्याउँदछ र क्षति गर्ने काम पनि घटाउँदछ । यसकारण देशमा एकदम तगडा र राम्रो खालका नियमहरू बनाउनुपर्दछ र त्यसको कार्यान्वयन गनि सही रूपमा गर्नुपर्दछ ।
 

A life without emotions would be boring and empty. Our experiences of love, anger, joy, fear, and other emotions energize and add color to our lives. Emotions are feelings that contain a pattern of cognitive, physiological, and behavioral responses to events. Emotion theorist Richard Lazarus, believed that motivation and emotions are always linked, because we only react emotionally when our motives and goals are gratified, threatened, or frustrated.

Emotions also have significant adaptive functions. Some emotions, such as fear, are part of an emergency arousal system that increases our chances of survival, for example when we are fighting or fleeing, when we are exposed to a threat or danger. But positive emotions such as interest, joy, excitement, contentment and love also have important adaptive functions. They help us build intimate relationships and expand our thinking and behavior so that we can explore, consider new ideas, try new ways to achieve goals, play games and enjoy what we have. Emotions are an important form of social communication. By providing clues about our internal states and intentions, emotions influence how other people behave towards us. For example, consider the effects of a crying baby on the mother, who generally responds with caring behaviors that are of obvious value to the baby's survival. Expressions of sadness and distress also evoke concern, empathy, and helpful behavior in others. Positive emotional expressions also pay off. A smiling baby is likely to increase parental feelings of affection and, increasing the likelihood that the child's biological and emotional needs will be met. Happy adults also tend to attract others and have supportive and more peaceful relationships. Emotions are triggered by external or internal stimuli. Emotional responses are the result of our assessment of these stimuli, which gives the situation a certain meaning.

Emotions are triggered by external or internal stimuli. Emotional responses result from our appraisals of these stimuli, which give the situation it’s perceived meaning and significance.
Our bodies respond physiologically to our appraisals. We may become physically aroused, as when we feel fear, joy, or anger; or we may experience decreased arousal, as when we feel contentment or depression. Emotions include behavior tendencies. Some are expressive behaviors such as smiling with joy or crying with sadness.     

Whose chocolate is that? I think I know.
Its owner is quite happy though.
Full of joy like a vivid rainbow,
I watch her laugh,  I cry hello.

She gives her chocolate a shake,
And laughs until her bellyaches.
The only other sound's the break,
Of distant waves and birds awake.

The chocolate is sweet, delicious, and deep,
But she has promises to keep,
After cake and lots of sleep.
Sweet dreams come to her cheap.

She rises from her gentle bed,
With thoughts of kittens in her head,
She eats her jam with lots of bread.
Ready for the day ahead