Jojo Rabbit is a humorous coming of age story directed by Taika Waititi. Waititi is known in the movie industry for making some incredible movies in the past. He made movies like Hunt for the Wilder People and Thor Ragnarok. Waititi has a way of integrating incredible feelings and stories in his movies. We have seen that with Hunt for the Wilder people which is a masterpiece, he has a way of tackling controversial topics with humour and satire yet still managing to keep the audience in love with the characters. This movie is not different.

The movie takes place in 1944 Germany in the midst of World War II. The story follows a young boy who idolizes Hitler and wants to be Hitler’s “Best Friend”. Young Cadet Jojo Betzlier is addicted to the idea of Nazism engraved by his imaginary friend Hitler. The Movie tackles the presence of Hitler and Nazi’s with Satire and Humor and it does an incredible job. Jojo shares the same ideas as Nazi’s. In his eyes, Jews are the villains and the worst of worst scum, ironically he finds that his single mother is hiding a Jewish girl in their attic he starts getting closer with the Jewish girl, with time Jojo comes to realize that maybe he was wrong all along and Nazism isn’t what he thought it was.

The movie does an incredible job of building an emotional connection of characters with the audience. The acting is phenomenal, Scarlett Johansen does a great job of playing Rosie, Jojo’s mother, Roman Griffin Davis gives the performance of his life playing young Jojo. This movie is a must for all movie enthusiasts out there, even for a casual movie enthusiast, the movie will not disappoint. Waititi has shown in this movie that he is one of the best directors of our generation.
 

Life is a package full of people, emotions, feelings, hardships and struggle. Life does not have meaning in itself, we people give meaning to our lives. Life is both bitter and sweet. It is impossible for a person to live their life without any obstacles or hardships, rather hardships are part of life, which we must go through. Life is not smooth and easygoing as shown in Reel Life or Movies. In Real Life we struggle at every step.  If there is no struggle, there is no progress as life is more confined. Everyone has their own story, their own struggle, their own ups and down. We think that we are the only ones who are facing hardships but in reality, there are billions who struggle to pass one day peacefully. Yes, there are times when we want to give up but it's not the end till the end. 

Struggles are required or inevitable for one to survive in life. In order to stand up, you get to know what falling down is like. It is like knowing the importance of Light we must face the Dark or the vice versa. Struggles give us the knowledge to survive and live life to the fullest.  Most people attempt suicide because they are not able to handle the pressure that occurs in ones life. We must take this pressure as a positive factor, it is a part that no one can skip, everyone needs to pass that stage and come out stronger. In this world we must be a Phoenix bird if we want to survive. It is in fact a natural process that sometimes we feel depressed but finishing life out of this pressure is not the solution. There can be two views regarding struggle:-  Positive and Negative. Positive one says that "the struggle or pressure you're in today is developing the strength you need for today, tomorrow." On contrary, negative says that "struggle is a start of failure and suicide is the only solution." It depends on us which we want to believe and accept. If we believe the negative, we can only worry and be depressed but the positive one makes us stronger and gives us the strength to move on. We need to struggle in order to sustain our life. Sometimes we need to be hurt in order to grow.This is like an experience we had when we were child, we knew the traits of fire because we had pain or burnt our hand. There are a lot of examples from where we got a lot of ideas, and we are standing tall now. Struggle is just like that, it helps us to gain experience. We must lose in order to gain sometimes, some lessons are learnt best through the pain. 

If "Plan A" did not work, there are 25 more alphabets, that means stay positive and embrace your struggle as it makes you stronger and renew us. Without struggle there is no progress therefore, every struggle teaches you a new lesson, learn it as it will make you the best. Life is beautiful with struggle, the more we struggle the more human we become. 
 

रुनलाई आँसु छैन, हास्नलाई हाँसो 
साँचिरे’छु छातीभित्र नेपालको नासो ।
बुझाउन भविष्यका सन्ततिलाई साँचो
दु:ख पोख्न कहाँ जाऊँ, मन्त्रको छ खाँचो ।।
 
जति कथा लेखे पनि बुझ्ने कोही छैन
जति व्यथा पोखे पनि सुन्ने कोही हैन ।
दुई पाइला हिँड्न खोज्छन्, हिँड्न पाइँदैन 
मन अघि बढ्न खोज्छ, बढ्न पाउँदैन ।।

चारैतिर चलिरे’छ तातो तातो हावा 
मन यसै जलिरहेछ नपाई सहारा ।
कहाँ जाने कसलाई भन्ने अब मनको कुरा ?
कहिले होला नेपालीको आफ्नै इच्छा पुरा ?
आफ्नै दाजु भाइ तिमी मारिरे’छाै आज 
कहिले होला सुख शान्ति, ढाकिएला लाज ?
 

Everyday we are living our lives full of competitions. We do not usually notice it but we are always competing with one another. It might be in studies, jobs, lifestyle etc. Degree and Skills are the two most important things needed in our life. Some people have extremely good skills through continuous practice or either since their birth. But, to sustain in this world, we also need a certain degree. 
But, there are some examples of people who have succeeded in their life through their skills like Bill Gates. On the other hand, there are some people who have really good degrees but still aren't successful. If a degree verifies whether a person is fit for the particular job or not, then the skill makes the person more confident and also helps achieve the goal. If you go and search for a job, a degree will definitely be asked but skill is the one that will attract them, so it will be a lot easier to get the job and get employed at that particular place. Everyone has their own different opinions on this particular topic but personally, in my point of view both are equally necessary. So, to fit in any job and in any part of the world both degree and skills are important. 
A person should learn to balance both degree and skills in his/her life. Both are required for the growth of a person. Even though it depends upon the wish of a person, on how long they want to continue their studies, usually the degree will stop at a certain age of a person and will not be able to attain the education but skills can never get stopped. It is all up to us, skills can be learnt and gained at any age and at any possible time. So, along with the studies it is always a good idea to learn something new everyday and enhance the skills we have even more. So, a person with a good degree and skills tend to get more opportunities and succeed in their life. 
 

सहरिया केटो रामशरणको जीवनमा धेरै केही थिएन । रामशरण जीवन चलाउन दिनभर अरू मान्छेजस्तै सिकार गर्न जान्थ्यो । उसले कमाइ जनावरहरूको मासु बेच्ने र महत्त्वपूर्ण भागहरू अरूलाई बेच्ने कामबाट गर्थ्यो । रामशरणको पहिलादेखिको पारिवारिक व्यवसाय हो याे तर ऊ कमजाेर भएका कारण उसलाई यो काम मन पर्दैनथ्यो । उसको जीवन हरेक समय जोखिममा हुन्थ्याे । यस्तो काम देखेर ऊ जहिले चिन्तित हुन्थ्याे ।

"के गर्ने हो, यसरी कसरी जीवन बिताउने हो ? मसँग केही क्षमताहरू भएकाे भए अरू बलिया काम गरेर खान्थेँ तर प्रकृतिकले मेरो साथ दिएन ।"

केही समयपछि उसले मानिसहरूको एउटा समूह एउटा ठुलो झोला बाेकेर काेही नबस्ने घरतिर गएको देख्यो। उसलाईलाई यी मान्छेहरू चोरहरू हुन् भनेर शङ्का लाग्न थाल्यो । उसलाई ती मानिसहरू के गर्दै थिए जान्न मन लग्यो र उसले एउटा हतियार सँगै लगेको थियो तर ऊ फर्कँदासम्म त्यो समूहका काेही मान्छेहरू त्यहाँ थिएनन् । उसलाई यो समय उत्तम लग्यो र झोलाभित्र हेर्न खोज्यो । उसले झोलामा एउटा अज्ञात जातिकी केटी
भेट्यो । जब उसले त्यो मान्छेलाई छुटाउन थाल्यो, ऊ ती चोरहरूको टोलीको पाइलाको आवाज सुनेर सतर्क भयो । उसले त्यो केटीलाई बोकेर घरको पछाडिको बाटोबाट भाग्न सुरु गर्यो । चोरहरू घरभित्र पसेपछि केटी झोलाबाट हराएकी देखेर अति अचम्मित भए ।

रामशरण कुद्दै जङ्गलतिर लाग्यो । त्यो जङ्गल धेरै घना थियो । चोरहरू तिनीहरूलाई खोज्दै जङ्गलभित्र पनि गए । उसले आफू र त्यो केटीलाई गुफाभित्र लग्याे र चोरहरूबाट लुक्याे ।
चोरहरूमध्ये एउटा चोरले भन्यो, "पुराना कथाहरूअनुसार यस जङ्गलमा धेरैजना मान्छे बचेका छैनन् । यसकाे धेरै चर्चा देशभरि चलेको थियो । एक दिन राजाका सेनाहरू यो ठाउँलाई अन्वेषण गर्न यस जङ्गलमा आएका थिए । पछि मानिसहरूले भनेअनुसार काेही पनि सेनापति त्यो जङ्गलबाट निस्केन ।” यो सुनेर तिनीहरूको जिउ सिरिङ्ग भयो र सकेसम्म चाँडो त्यो ठाउँबाट निस्किन सके हुन्थ्याे भन्ने सोचाइ थियो ।

डरले काँपिरहेका चोरहरू जङ्गलबाहिर जाने बाटो खोज्न थाले तर त्यो फर्किँदा गहिरो कुइरोले पुरै जङ्गलले भरिएको थियो । केही समयपछि  त्यो ठाउँ पुरै कुहिरोले भरिएको थियो । उनीहरू एकअर्कालाई राम्ररी देख्न नि सक्दैनथे । सबैजना डरले काँप्दै थिए । सबैजना एकअर्कालाई दोष दिन थाले । रामशरणले उक्त केटीलाई उठाउने धेरै प्रयास गर्यो तर त्यो चोरले हालेको क्लोरोफार्म अति नै कडा थियो त्यसैले ती केटी पूर्ण रूपमा उठ्न सकिनन् । केही दिन बितिसक्यो तर पनि ५ मिनेट मात्र बितेको जस्तै थियो । रामशरणलाई पनि यो देखेर अचम्म लग्यो । उसले सोच्यो, "५ दिन भइसक्यो तर किन ५ मिनेट गएको जस्तै भएको ? रात नै पर्दैन, घामको अलि अलि मात्र किरण देखिन्छ । अब खानेकुराको अवस्था कमजाेर भइसक्यो, सिकार गर्न जान्छु ।" भनेर उठ्दा ती केटीले जुरुक्क उठेर रामशरणको हातलाई तानेर रोकिन् । रामशरण खुसी भएर ती केटीसँग कुरा गर्न लग्यो
तर जे भए पनि खानेकुराको व्यवस्था गर्नै पर्थ्यो । अब त ती केटी पनि उठिसकिन् । यति खानेकुराले पुग्दैन भन्ने सोच्दै रामशरणले केटीको हातमा केही खानेकुरा राखेर सिकार र फलफूल खोज्नमा लाग्यो ।

उसले वरिपरि केही देखेको थिएन । जम्मा ठुला ठुला रुखहरू र घाँसबाहेक केही फलफूल, जनावर केही भेट्न सकेन । टाढा हेर्दा तिनै रुखहरू मात्र देखिन्थे । ऊ आफू कसरी बच्ने र ती केटीलाई कसरी बचाउने भन्ने सोच्दै बस्यो र ऊ गम्भीर अवस्थामा थियो । उसले रुखमाथि चढेर नजिक कुन् कुन् ठाउँ छन्, हेर्छु भनेर सोच्यो तर रुखको उचाइ धेरै थियो । ऊ गल्तीले भए पनि लड्यो भने उसको मृत्यु हुन सक्थ्याे । यो डरले उसलाई रुख चढ्न मन थिएन तर उसले आफू र केटीलाई बचाउने उपाय त्यति बेला यति मात्र थियो ।

गुफाबाट केटी उठेर आएर उसलाई रुख चढ्नबाट रोकिन् र आफैँ चढिन् । रामशरणले केटीको दह्राे क्षमता देखेर अचम्म मान्यो । केटीले माथिबाट नजिकको ठाउँ खोजिन् र रामशरणले मुनि बसेर खान सक्ने कुरा खोज्यो । केटीले पछि नजिकको ठाउँमा एउटा ठुलो हबेली देखिन् । त्यो हबेली धेरै पुरानो देखिन्थ्याे । केटीले रामशरणलाई इसारा गरिन् र दुवै जना त्यही हबेलीतिर लागे । हबेली धेरै पुरानोजस्तो देखिन्थ्यो र काेही बस्दैन जस्तै थियो ।  रामशरणलाई डर लाग्यो र केटीलाई याे कुरा भन्न खोज्यो तर उसलाई केटीको नाम थाहा थिएन र उसले सोधेन पनि किनकि केटी भित्रतिर लागिसकेकी थिइन् । रामशरण केही गर्न सक्दैनथ्यो त्यसैले ऊ पनि चुप लागेर केटीको पछि पछि हिँड्यो ।

उसले केटीलाई, "तिमी को हाै ? तिम्रो नाम के हो?" तर केटी केही नभनी अगाडि हिँड्दै गइन् । रामशरणले पनि धेरै सोचेन र पछि उसकै पछि पछि हिँड्दै गयो । रामशरणले धेरै कङ्कालहरू देख्याे तर केटीले देखे पनि धेरै केही भनिन् । उनीहरू अगाडि बढ्दै गए । केही समयपछि तिनीहरू जता गए पनि फेरि त्यही बाटो फर्किन्छन् भन्ने कुरा उनीहरूले पत्ता लगाए । उनीहरूले बाहिर निस्किने बाटो पनि भेट्न सकेनन् । ५० मिनेट हिँडेपछि भित्तामा एउटा कुरा लेखेको देखे ।

"मर मर मर !"

त्यसकाे नजिकै भित्तामा ४ जना मान्छेलाई किला ठाेकेर टाँगिएकाे थियो । रामशरणलाई धेरै डर लागेको थियो । उसले ती मान्छेहरूको मुख हेर्दा उनीहरूलाई चिनेको जस्तै लाग्यो । पछि राम्रै हेर्दा यिनीहरू केटीलाई अपहरण गर्ने र पछि रामशरणको पछि लागेका चोरहरू थिए । रामशरणलाई धेरै नै डर लाग्यो र काेही उनीहरूनजिक आइरहेको र पाइला टेकेको आवाज आउँदै थियो ।

"धन्यवाद !" केटीले आँखामा आँसु बोकेर मुस्कुराउँदै भनिन् ।

केही समयमा केटी दाैडँदै अगाडि गइन् र त्यहाँ रगत देखियाे । रामशरणको दृष्टि धमिलो हुँदै गयो र केही समयपछि ऊ जङ्गलअगाडि सुत्दै थियो । रामशरणलाई धेरै केही याद भएन तर उसले कसैबाट "धन्यवाद !" शब्द सुनेर उसको आँखामा आँसु आयो । पछि ऊ एउटा रुखमा केही लेखेर घर फर्कियो । त्यहाँ लेखिएकाे थियाे, “अर्को जीवनमा फेरि भेटाैँला ।”
 

Audism is defined as the discrimination done towards deaf people and their community. The term audism was first coined by Tom L. Humphries in 1975. The deaf community has been suffering from audism for centuries. Audism is mainly caused due to the lack of awareness among people about the deaf community or the lack of awareness about the actions that cause discomfort towards the deaf community.
Audism is a sensitive issue and everyone needs to be aware of the effects that cause on the deaf community. Some examples of audism can be; asking a deaf person to read our lips, refusing a deaf person to explain what everyone is discussing about, refusing to call an interpreter when it is required, approaching deafness as a tragedy, having the mentality that deaf people can’t do things, etc. We might be doing these things towards a deaf person without being aware of it and it might make them uncomfortable. So to avoid this kind of situation, being aware of these things should be necessary. 
In our society, deaf people are still discriminated against and are excluded. People have a certain mentality that since the deaf cannot hear they are not able to do things that a normal can do. This kind of mentality is wrong and there have been many deaf people that have risen to success such as Nyle DiMarco, Linda Bove, etc. and there are even famous deaf musicians such as Ozzy Osbourne, Stephen Stills, etc. 
We as a community can stop audism by giving equal employment opportunities to deaf people, we can teach people basic sign languages, we need to understand deafness as an identity, etc. 
 

वातावरण शब्दले पृथ्वी वरिपरिको हावापानीलाई जनाउँछ । वातावरण प्रदूषण अन्तर्गत हावापानी प्रदूषण, भूमि प्रदूषण, ध्वनि प्रदूषण र तापीय प्रदूषण पर्दछन् र यिनीहरूले जैविक तथा रासायनिक विविधतामा अवाञ्छित परिवर्तन ल्याउँछन् । विभिन्न उद्योगधन्दा र जनघनत्वका कारण हावापानी प्रदूषण, आणविक शस्त्रास्त्रको निर्माण र पृथ्वीमा तिनको प्रयोग, रासायनिक मलको प्रयोग र वनविनाशले गर्दा भूमि प्रदूषण, उद्योग र कल कारखाना तथा मोटरगाडीका चर्का आवाजले ध्वनि प्रदूषण र बिस्फोटन, कीटनाशक औषधीको प्रयोगले माटोको क्षरण  एवम् ओजोन तहको विनाशले गर्दा सूर्यका किरणहरू पृथ्वीमा पर्ने गर्दा ग्लोबल वार्मिङ्गका कारणले आज सबै क्षेत्रहरूमा परिवर्तन आएका छन् जसले गर्दा वातावरण प्रदूषणको वृद्धिलगायतका समस्या सिर्जना भएका छन् ।

यान्त्रिकीकरण, औद्योगिकरणका कारण आज विश्वभर वातावरणीय समस्या विकराल बनेको छ । विभिन्न उद्योगधन्दा, कल कारखाना र सवारी साधनबाट निस्कने धुलो, धुवाँ र चर्का आवाजहरूले गर्दा हावापानी प्रदूषण र ध्वनि प्रदूषण भएको छ । साथै विकसित राष्ट्रहरूमा आणविक बिस्फोटन र तिनको परीक्षणले गर्दा भूमि प्रदूषण तथा रेडियोथर्मिक प्रदूषणलाई निम्त्याएको छ । अविकसित राष्ट्रहरूमा रासायनिक मल र कीटनाशक औषधीको अधिक प्रयोग तथा वनजङ्गलको विनाशले गर्दा वातावरण प्रदूषणको समस्या दिनानुदिन बढिरहेको छ।अतः मानवीय क्रियाकलापले वातावरण प्रतिकूल हुँदै गइरहेको छ र यो सुन्दर धर्ती र पृथ्वीको विनाश हुँदै गइरहेको छ।

हाम्रो देश नेपालमा पनि वातावरण प्रदूषणले चर्को रूप लिएको छ सहरी क्षेत्र र विशेष गरी काठमाडौँ उपत्यकामा अव्यवस्थित बसोवास, फोहोरमैला, उद्योग धन्दा र कल कारखानाले फ्यालेका धुलो र धुँवाले गर्दा मानिस सङ्कटको भूमरीमा फसेका छन् बागमती र विष्णुमती जस्ता पवित्र नदीहरू दलमा रूपान्तरित भएका छन् । हरिया डाडा नाङ्गा हुँदै छन् भने पानीका मुहान सुक्दै  गएका छन् । मानिस आफ्नो क्रियाकलापले आफै समस्यामा परेको छ।

वातावरण प्रदूषणको समस्याले नकारात्मक असर देखाएको हुँदा यसको न्यूनीकरण गर्न सबै पृथ्वीवासी एकजुट हुनुपर्छ । कोइली र मुजुरको मीठा आवाजको सट्टामा कारखाना र मोटरगाडीको चर्को आवाजले कानै बहिरा हुन लागेका छन् । शीतल र स्वच्छ वायुका सट्टामा कालो धुवाले संसारभरि राज गर्न थालिसकेको छ यसले गर्दा धर्तीमा मानवलगायत धर्तीका सम्पूर्ण जीवजन्तु र वनस्पतिको अस्तित्व सङ्कटमा परेको छ । यसरी नै वातावरण प्रदूषित भए पृथ्वीको अस्तित्व रहँदैन । सावधानी नपुर्ययी गरिएको विकासका कार्यले भावी पुस्तालाई ठूलो सङ्कट ल्याउने हुँदा प्रदूषणको अन्त्य गरी स्वच्छ, सफा धर्ती भावी पुस्तालाई सुम्पने जिम्मा हाम्रो काँधमा आएको छ।

Sports is one of the emerging sectors in the world. Many countries including Nepal are engaged and have invested a lot in sports activities. Many countries have achieved numerous prizes and awards for the development of the sports sector. Every year there are huge sports competitions like FIFA World Cup, Olympics, SAF games, Asian games, Euro Cup, NBA etc are organized, and the best country wins it.

Nowadays, the sports sector has created a lot of opportunities for people and unleashed their full potential in sports. It not only gives opportunities for players but also creates a favorable environment for generating employment opportunities in general. Development in the sports sector also showcases the competitive nature of the country in different sports. Nepal is also growing and developing its sports sector. Every year, a portion of the budget is allocated for the development, growth, and maintenance of the sports sector. Nowadays, Nepal is also taking part in international competitions in which it qualifies. Nepal has also reached new heights and rankings year by year in the sector of football, cricket, swimming, boxing, etc. Nepal is exploring new sports as well. Moreover, people’s view on sports has changed a lot as they are now enrolled not just for fun rather are engaged as a professional sportsperson. The misconception about sports has changed a lot due to its huge influence on the younger generation, as they are well aware that fame and name can be earned through sports.

The drastic change in the sports sector has been possible because of overall development in technology, infrastructure and overall economy. Now, people are not only choosing sports for passion but also for their career option and its development. Sports sector is growing day by day and is worth billions of dollars worldwide.  Sports sector also plays a vital role in the development of the nation and its people.

To sum up, I want to say that the sports sector is one of the major earning sectors. Every country should be engaged and invested in this sector as it has lots of potential and opportunities. 

चुरोट धूमपानको उद्देश्यले कागजमा घुमाइएको मसिनाे गरी काटिएको सुर्ती हो, जसमा निकोटिन, हाइड्रोजन साइनाइड इत्यादिजस्ता धेरै अन्य रासायनिक पदार्थहरू समावेश हुन्छन् । सुर्तीजन्य पदार्थ खपत र धूमपान गर्ने कार्य धेरै वर्षअघिदेखि हुँदै आएको छ । मानिसहरू पहिले सोच्थे कि धूमपान र सुर्तीजन्य पदार्थको सेवन उनीहरूको स्वास्थ्यका लागि राम्रो छ तर अब वैज्ञानिकहरूले गरेको अनुसन्धानका कारण हामी पक्का हुन सक्छौँ कि यसले हाम्रो स्वास्थ्यलाई बाधा पुर्‍याउँछ र यसले हाम्रो फोक्सोलाई मुख्यतया असर गर्छ ।
यद्यपि मानिसहरू जान्दछन् कि चुरोट तिनीहरूको स्वास्थ्यका लागि स्वस्थ छैन तर तिनीहरू अझै पनि त्यस्तो कार्यमा लाग्छन् र यसको मुख्य कारण तिनीहरू चुराेटमा हुने निकोटिनले गर्दा धूमपान गर्न बानी परेका छन् । चुराेटको उत्पादन गर्दा पनि विचार गरिन्छ कि यसको कुनै लाभ छैन । सरकारले चुरोटको मूल्य बढाउँदै र चुरोटको नकारात्मक असर चुराेटको बाक्सामा राखेर मानिसहरूलाई धूमपान गर्नबाट रोक्न खोजेको छ तर यो त्यति प्रभावकारी भएको छैन किनभने एक पटक कुनै व्यक्ति धूमपान गर्ने लतमा लाग्छ भने ऊ धूमपान गर्न चाहन्छ र उक्त व्यक्तिले मूल्य वा बट्टामा रहेको खतराकाे चिह्नको वास्ता गर्दैन । चुराेटको उपलब्धताले समस्यालाई झन् विकराल बनाएको छ किनकि धेरै युवा तथा वृद्धवृद्धाहरू दिनकाे सुरुवात चुराेट खाएर गर्ने गरेका छन् । याे समस्याकाे एक मात्र समाधान भनेको चुराेटको उत्पादन बन्द गर्नु हो ।
यदि देशमा चुराेटको कुनै उत्पादन हुँदैन भने त्यहाँ धूमपानको अम्मली हुने व्यक्तिहरू हुने छैनन् । यसबाट धूमपान छोड्ने कोसिस गरिरहेका मानिसहरूका लागि ठुलो सयाता हुने छ । यसले व्यक्तिलाई धूमपानबाट पनि रोक्छ किनकि त्यहाँ किन्नको लागि कुनै चुराेट हुँदैन । चुराेटले कुनै स्वास्थ्य लाभ गर्दैन र चुराेटको उत्पादन बन्द गर्नाले देशमा कनै ठुलो समस्या पैदा हुने छैन ।
 

हिजो भर्खरै कक्षा १० सकेर कलेजको खोजमा भएजस्तो लाग्छ तर अहिले भने ११ नै सक्कियो । कति छिटो एक झलकमै १ वर्ष पनि बित्यो । हुन त हामीले यो १ वर्ष घरमै बसेर बितायौँ तर केही महिना कलेजमा बिताएका दिनहरू कहिले बिर्सिन सकिँदैन । याे कलेजले मलाई धेरै राम्रा साथीहरू र शिक्षकहरूसँग भेटायाे, त्यसैले यस कलेजमा पढ्ने निर्णय गरेकामा म एकदमै खुसी छु । यस कलेजमा पढाइका साथ साथै थुप्रै अतिरिक्त पाठ्यक्रमका गतिविधिहरू पनि अनुभव गर्न पाइन्छ । 

साथीहरूलाई पहिलो पटक कलेजमा देख्दा उत्साह नै बेग्लै थियो । पहिलो पटक साथीहरूलाई भेट्दा त अलि चिन्न पनि गाह्राे भएको थियो किनभने हाम्रो कलेजको सुरुवात नै अनलाइन कक्षाबाट भएको थियो । कक्षामा साथीहरूसँग बिताएका पलहरू सधैँ मेरा लागि प्यारा हुने छन् । साथीहरूसँग कक्षमा गफ गर्दा शिक्षकले कराउनु हुँदा त्यो बेला त नराम्रो लाग्थ्यो तर अहिले भने सोच्दा निकै रमाइलो र हाँसो लाग्छ । कक्षा सकिएपछि ५ मिनेटकाे ब्रेकमा शिक्षकहरूले पढाउन नछोड्दा एक किसिमको छटपटाहट हुन्थ्यो र के बहाना बनाएर शिक्षकलाई भनेर कक्षा सकेर बाहिर जाऊँ जस्तो हुन्थ्यो । कहिलेकाहीँ त्यो ५ मिनेट ब्रेक कहिले नसकियाेस् जस्तो पनि हुन्थ्यो । 

कलेजको क्यान्टिनमा पहिलो पटक खाना सेटबाहेक मेनु सूचीमा अरू खाने कुराहरू थपेको देख्दा हामी साथीहरूको अनुहारमा आएको खुसी बयान नै गर्न सकिँदैन । सधैँ बाहिर खाइरहेको मम भए तापनि कलेजमा खाँदा रमाइलो नै छुट्टै थियो । खाना सकिनेबित्तिकै हामी सबै साथीहरू भेला भएर टन्नै गफ गर्थ्यौं, तर केही महिना भाैतिक रूपमै विद्यालय खुल्नेबित्तिकै दुर्भाग्यवश फेरि अनलाइन कक्षा नै सुरु भयो । अनलाइन कक्षा पनि रमाइलो नै थियो तर कलेजमा हुँदाको मज्जा नै अर्कै हुन्थ्यो । कलेजमा पढाइका साथसाथै गफगाफ पनि हुन्थ्यो र पढ्न पनि सजिलो हुन्थ्यो । अहिलेसम्म कहिले अनुभव गर्न नपाएको कुरा कक्षा ११ मा आएर यस्तो अनलाइन कक्षाबाट पढ्ने अनुभव पनि पाइयो । सुरु सुरुमा त अलि अप्ठ्यारो पनि भएको थियो तर अनलाइनबाट कक्षा लिँदै गएपछि बिस्तारै बानी हुँदै गयो । यो मात्र नभए हामीले परीक्षा पनि अनलाइनबाट दिने मौका पायौँ, जुन मैले अहिलेसम्म अनुभव गर्न पाएको थिइनँ । यो महामारीले हामीलाई निकै दुःख पनि दियाे तर नयाँ कुराहरूको अनुभव पनि गरायाे त्यसैले यी सबै सानाठुला सम्झनाहरू जीवनमा कहिले बिर्सिन सकिँदैन । 

स्पोर्ट्स विकदेखि लिएर डिएसएस टक, हाइकिङ्गसम्मका सम्झनाहरू सधैँ प्यारा हुने छन् । हाइकिङ्गले गर्दा पनि हामी साथीहरू अझै नजिक भयौँ र पहिलेभन्दा पनि अझै मिल्न थाल्यौँ । हाइकिङ्ग गएर फर्के पनि त्यस दिनमा बनाइएका सम्झनाहरूको कुरा अझै पनि भइराख्छ । फोटो हेर्नेबित्तिकै सबै सम्झनाहरू ताजा हुन्छन् र फेरि जाऊँ जाऊँ लाग्छ । हिँड्दा मात्र होइन हामीले बसमा पनि निक्कै रमाइलो गर्यौं । हामीले गीत गायौँ, नाच्यौँ, फोटाहरू खिच्यौँ र टन्न गफहरू पनि गर्यौं । ११ कक्षामा यति रमाइलो भयो कि कहिले १ वर्ष बित्यो पनि थाहा भएन । 

सबैले भन्थे कलेज निकै रमाइलो हुन्छ र मलाई पनि अहिले आएर यस्तै महसुस भएको छ । आशा छ कि कक्षा १२ पनि यति नै रमाइलो होस् र निक्कै सम्झनाहरू बनाउन पाइयाेस् र छिट्टै यस महामारीको अन्त्य भएर जनजीवन सामान्य होस् र कलेजमै गएर पहिलेजस्तै हाँस्दै, रमाउँदै पढ्न पाइयाेस् ।  

It has been quite some time since I have been using Linux as a desktop operating system. If you use Linux or know about it, you might know that Linux is not an entire operating system, it’s just an open-source kernel, the kernel is simply the base of an operating system. It being open-source means that its source code is available in public and you can edit as you want. Using the Linux kernel, many operating systems have been created, those are known as Linux distributions or simply distros, some popular Linux distributions are Ubuntu, Arch, Debian, etc. I don’t consider myself a Linux veteran or an expert but in this article, I will share my knowledge and my experience regarding Linux and its distributions.

So, my journey with Linux started with me researching how I became an ethical hacker or a pentester. From that research, I concluded with using Linux, and later I found out Linux is not one thing and there are many operating systems based on Linux, so later on I chose Kali which is a Linux distribution created for the sole purpose of cybersecurity. I dual booted Kali and Windows for quite some time but later on, I deleted Windows and was using Kali as my main operating system but then Kali was not designed to be used as a main operating system, so I had to face quite some errors. So, I was searching for an alternative that can be used for hacking as well as a primary operating system. During that time, I found a script on Github which installed Kali tools on Ubuntu, so because of that I decided to switch to Ubuntu and I did. Everything was fine with Ubuntu but I figured something about Ubuntu. There are quite some reasons to use Linux like customizability, security, and many more. First of all, Ubuntu shipped with Gnome which is the least customizable and the heaviest desktop environment for Linux and also my least favorite desktop environment for those reasons. Unlike windows, there is not only one desktop, but there is also a different looking version of the desktop, they are called desktop environments. Also, Ubuntu was blamed to have trackers and various things like that preinstalled, and also they were criticized for making changes some power users did not like. Fortunately, there was a fork of Ubuntu that disabled all the features which were disliked but provided everything else Ubuntu provided, that distro became so famous that people don’t even know that it’s a Ubuntu fork now. Its name is Linux Mint. With Linux Mint, I also switched to quite some distros. I had tried many distros by that time.

Everything distro I used looked fantastic and elegant out of the box but that is not the reason why you use Linux. Also, every distro came with some apps which I will never really use, so I had to put extra effort to uninstall it. So, I searched for a distro that had no pre-installed package and I would decide how it would look instead of getting out of the box look. At the same time, I discovered Debian which gave me everything I was looking for, it came with almost no packages and only the software I wanted was installed which was just perfect. I used Debian for a long time and still love it to this date but there was a small thing that is not even a problem that made me switch from Debian. In Linux, we download all our software from a repository which you can think of like a software store, the difference in Linux is that every software is free and around 90% of packages you need are in the repository. Debian also has a repository but it also has another way of installing software, that is using ‘.deb’ files which is like an installer in Windows which I quite did not like, and Debian Stable version only provided tested software which is good but due to that I had to use some very old version of the software. So, I switched to Arch, Arch was even smaller than Debian, it installed everything from the repository, so that was the perfect choice for me now. But, Arch is known to be hard to use and even install. Every distribution I used before Arch gave an installer that would install the operating system but not with arch. The installer on any distribution runs a script that would install it. Arch expects you to do everything manually. There are some open-source projects like ArchFi and ZenInstaller which give you an installer to install arch but if you plan to install and use Arch as the main operating system, I recommend you to do it manually which would help you to configure it later.  It’s not just installing, even after you install it, you will only get CLI or command line, if you want a graphical user interface, you need to install it and configure it by yourself. It is quite common in Arch to have your microphone, camera, speaker, graphic card not working after you install it because you need to manually configure it. You also need to write some configuration files and edit some code while installing the arch. It may seem that installing Arch is really hard but it’s really not a big deal once you get used to it. It took me around 6 hours to install Arch on my first try but now I can install and fully configure it in under 1.5 hours. Arch was a god’s gift for me, to this date I love Arch to this date. Arch is the distro that I have used for the longest period of time. After I switched to Arch, I discovered window managers. So, what is a window manager, the window manager is the part of the desktop environment that shows the opened windows, the window manager gives the option to close, maximize and move windows. 

Everything is done in the window manager with keyboard shortcuts, so I wanted to use it, so I did. I switched to a window manager known as i3wm and sometimes later I switched to a window manager named awesomewm. Sometime later I discovered a website named “suckless.org” and the philosophy behind it, their philosophy was to create everything very minimalistic and let users add what they want in the code. They gave their source code instead of some executable so that you compile it with options that you need. Their most programs were written in C which is a programming language that I liked and had experience with, so after that I switched to dwm which is a window manager created by the suckless community. But later on I found out XMonad which I believe is the most minimal window manager, XMonad comes with nothing. When you start XMonad you will get a black screen, everything you have to configure on your own. It was written in Haskell which I did not have any experience with but after some I got used to it. I also switched to Vim from VS Code during this time. Vim is a text editor which expects you to do everything from keyboard not using mouse. I used these for quite some time and after that I found out about systemd, systemd is an init system used by Arch. Init system is a software which runs services and applications at startup, systemd is the most popular init system for Linux but it started having updates adding more features which was not needed and making it bloated, it also started doing things which are not supposed to be done by an init system which I did not like. So, I found a fork of Arch Linux called Artix which is almost the same as Arch but uses OpenRC which is another opensource init system instead of systemd. I switched to it and had almost identical settings that I had in Arch. Around this time, I had good experience with Arch and Linux, so I decided to create my own Linux distribution. I created an Arch based distribution during the pandemic and named it Delta OS. It is available in sourceforge if anyone wants to download it. After that I came to think about a fact I knew. A compiler which makes code to executable best suited for the processor, the executable you find online is created in another computer and kept in the internet. At this time, I wanted to compile everything, matching my thinking there is a distro named Gentoo which is not even a distro, I would call it a metadistro. In Gentoo everything is compiled from source code and its installation is also the same as Arch but more complicated. It took me around 14 hours to install Gentoo at my first attempt but now I think I can do that in about 3-4 hours.

I use Gentoo with XMonad and compile everything, even the Linux kernel from the source. I have written all the configuration by myself, so no one has the same looking desktop like I do. It takes around 112MB ram when opened and also takes very less storage space. I also have set keyboard shortcuts for everything. That is what I am using now. I have also thought about creating a distro from the Linux kernel really soon. I won’t recommend something like Gentoo, Arch and XMonad to everything, neither it is meant for everything. If you are someone like me who is extremely minimalist and anti-mainstream, like complicated and trying new things, I recommend you to check out those.
 

Math Rock is Prog Rock made by people who like Punk Rock but do not want to play punk music. When you listen to Math Rock it seems messy but unbelievably organized at the same time. Math Rock started taking shape around the mid-’90s in the USA. The influences of Math Rock are Indie Rock, Prog Rock, and more Hardcore stuff like Punk and Grunge. Most people even call Math Rock an Emo Jazz because it has the aesthetics of Emo rock and the improvised and more unstructured feel of Jazz.

Math rock is filled with unusual time signatures. Most of the pop songs use a 4/4 time signature whereas, Math rock normally uses a 9/8 unusual time signature. Math rock consists of odd time signatures, switching time signatures mid-song, and playing different notes, all these combined make something complicated as the name Math Rock suggests. Math Rock in theory suggests something that requires a lot of math. Usually, most of Math Rock consists of no vocals at all, unusual stops and starts, and many other characteristics. 

Math rock is aesthetically attractive and attracts the modern aesthetic and minimal trend. It is neither heavy nor too soft. Some of my go-to math rock bands are American Football, Toe, Tricot, and Don Caballero. For starters, I would recommend listening to Never Meant by American Football, and In the absence of strong evidence to the contrary, one may step out of the way of the charging bull by Don Caballero. These two songs roughly give an idea of what Math Rock is to the listener.

I completely understand whether you love or hate Math Rock. Math Rock is impressive but at the same time is not a genre that I choose to listen to all the time, I have to be in a specific mood to listen to Math Rock. If you are on the fence you should give it a try. It just might be your new favorite genre.