Ratko Mladic was the former commander of the Army of Republika Srpska [VRS] during the war in Yugoslavia. Mladic was born in the town of Kalinovik, Bosnia, and Herzegovina. Raised by a single mother, Mladic went on to study at the various military academies and by the time of the Yugoslav wars, became Major General of the army of Bosnian Serbs. During the war,  Ratko Mladic committed various war crimes and got his name as “The Butcher of Bosnia”. 

Ratko Mladic gained prominence during the Yugoslav Wars. To explain in brief, the Yugoslav Wars were a series of conflicts between different ethnic groups living in Yugoslavia. After the death of Josip Broz Tito, ethnic tensions began to rise between the Serbs, Croats, Bosnians, Slovenes, Kosovar Albanians, and Macedonians which led to various wars of independence and insurgencies. During the same time, Ratko Mladic became the commander of the military forces and began working on his plan for a “Greater” Serbia. The worst of Mladic’s atrocities came in July 1995 when his troops occupied the UN safe areas in Srebrenica and Zepa. At Srebrenica, Mladic expelled more than 40,000 people mainly Muslim Bosnians and his troops killed more than 8,000 people. Mladic’s men rounded up Muslim men and boys, separating them from their families, and dumped their bodies in mass graves after mercilessly killing them. There is much evidence that shows that Mladic hated the Muslim minority in Yugoslavia. The President of the Bosnian Serb Republic finally dismissed Mladic from his service in 1996. 

Ratko Mladic was indicted by the ICTY for genocide and other international law violations in 1995. Mladic had an arrest warrant on him but continually lived freely in Belgrade until 2001 after which he went into hiding and was finally arrested on May 26, 2011. Mladic was immediately extradited to Hague to face the criminal charges and was convicted of charges of genocide and violation of international law. Ratko Mladic was sentenced to life imprisonment by the ICTY in 2017. 

Source : Wikipedia[Ratko Mladic(2021)]

"छाउघर" राज सरगमद्वारा लिखित गोठाले किशोर साहित्य पाण्डुलिपि पुरस्कार विजेता उपन्यास हो । याे उपन्यासमा ग्रामीण क्षेत्रको परिवेश देखिन्छ । मानिसको सोच धेरै निम्न छ र चेतनाको कमीका कारण महिलाले दु:ख भोग्नुपरेको देखिन्छ । याे उपन्यासका प्रमुख पात्रहरू कला, राम, हरि, कलाकी इजा र भागीरथी दिदी हुन् भने सहायक पात्र बजै, बाजे, कलाको भाइ, फुपू, भरत काका र रूपा भाउजू हुन् । 

विद्यालयबाट घर फर्कँदै गर्दा कलाले जाँघ भिजेको महसुस गर्छिन् । जामा माथि सारेर हेर्दा उनी आत्तिन्छिन् र घरतिर दौडिन्छिन् । आफूलाई के भएको हो भन्ने थाहा नपाउँदै इजाले उनलाई बारीको पछाडिको सुनसान छाप्रामा पुर्याउँछिन् । त्यतिबेला मानिसमा चेतनाकाे विकास नभएकाले त्यहाँका मान्छेहरू छाउलाई मासिक श्राप मन्ने गर्थे र पहिलाे पटक छाउ हुँदा बाइस दिन छाउगोठमा  बिताउनुपर्थ्यो । यस्तो कुप्रथाको सामना गर्दै कलाले बाइस रात डरको सामना गर्दै आफूलाई त्यही छाउगोठमा लुकाएर राख्छिन् । त्यहाँ उनले धेरै कुरा सिक्छिन् । बाजेको देउता, भागीरथी दिदीको प्रेम, महादेवको सर्प, रूपा भाउजूको जत्कल र एक्लोपनले त्यो छाउघरमा उनलाई समाजका बारेमा धेरै कुरा सिकाउँछन् । त्यो छाउगोठमा बाइस दिन बिताउँदा उनले धेरै कुरा देख्छिन् र अनुभव पनि गर्छिन् । 

कलाले छाउका पौराणिक र वैज्ञानिक आधार अनि कुप्रथा र अन्धविश्वासबारे थाहा पाउँछिन् । अन्तत: परम्परासँग विद्रोह गर्छिन् र आखिरमा कला घर छोडेर जान बाध्य हुन्छिन् । कला घर छोडेर भाग्नु एक हिसाबले सही पनि थियो र गलत पनि । त्यो परिस्थितिले कलालाई घरबाट भाग्न बाध्य बनाएको थियो । १२ वर्षकी बच्चामा उमेरले ल्याएको परिवर्तन र आइपर्ने दु:खको सामना गर्दै छाउगोठमा बाइस रात काट्ने कलाको कथा हो 'छाउघर' । 

In recent years the world has seen a massive increase in Depression, Specially among teens and the young population. Roughly 4 billion people across the world use social networking platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, and Instagram. With such high numbers, experts have started research- the relationship between social media and the growing depression. Many mental health experts concluded that among young adults and teens, social media is one of the main causes of depression. 

To prove this relationship between Social media and Depression researchers from the University of Pennsylvania divided 143 students into two groups, One group was restricted to only 30 minutes of social media per day and the other group could enjoy social media with no restrictions. Each student used Iphones and all their usage was closely monitored. After 4 weeks, The group with restrictions were found with lower severity of depression and loneliness than they had at the beginning of the study whereas other groups had higher severity of depression and loneliness than before. This is only one of many tests done on this topic, the outcome of other studies was also found similar. This clearly establishes a connection between Depression and the usage of social media. However, in today’s world, it's near impossible to live a social media-free life as it has become an inseparable part of modern society.  

What good would this article be if I only stated problems and offered no solutions? I think if we limit ourselves to use social media for only a certain period of time and control the content that we consume we can live a healthy and stable life.

लेस्टर विलियम पोलसफस (जुन ९, १९१५ - अगस्ट १२, २००९), जसलाई लेस पउल भनेर चिनिन्थ्यो, एक अमेरिकी ज्याज, देश, र ब्लुज गिटारिस्ट, गीतकार, लुथर, र आविष्कारक थिए । उनी ठोस शरीरको इलेक्ट्रिक गीतारका अग्रणी थिए, र उनको प्रोटोटाइप, जसलाई लोगोग भनिन्छ, गिब्सन लेस पउलको लागि प्रेरणाको रूपमा काम गर्थे । उनी मुख्य रूपमा ज्याज र लोकप्रिय सङ्गीतका लागि परिचित छन् । उनले देशको सङ्गीतमा प्रारम्भिक क्यारियर थाले । धेरै रेकर्डिङ नवीनताका लागि उनले श्रेय पाउँछन् । ओडडबिङ्गका साथ उनका प्रारम्भिक प्रयोगहरू (ध्वनिमा आवाज पनि भनिन्छ), ढिलाइ प्रभावहरू जस्तै टेप ढिलाइ, फासिङ्ग प्रभावहरू र मल्टिट्र्याक रेकर्डिङ्गतर्फ व्यापक ध्यान आकर्षित गर्ने पहिलो प्रयाेग थिए । 

 उनका चाटहरू, ट्रिलहरू, छापाखाना दृश्यहरू, झन्झटिलो प्रविधि र समयले उनलाई आफ्ना समकालीनहरूभन्दा अलग राख्यो र वर्तमान समयका थुप्रै गीतारवादकहरूलाई उनकाे जीवनीले प्रेरणा दियो । सन् १९५० को दशकमा उनी र उनकी श्रीमती, गायक र गीतारवादक मेरी फोर्डले लाखौँ प्रतिहरू बेच्दै असङ्ख्य रेकर्ड कायम गरे ।

 उनका धेरै सम्मानहरूमध्ये रक र रोल हल अफ फेममा स्थायी प्रदर्शनीसहित मुठीभर कलाकारहरूमध्ये एक हुनु पनि हाे । उनको वेबसाइटमा म्युजिक सङ्ग्रहालयले "आर्किटेक्ट" र साम फिलिप्स र एलन फ्रेडको साथ एक "प्रमुख इन्डिक्टी" को रूपमा प्रख्यात नाम लिएको छ । लेस पउल एक मात्र व्यक्ति हुन् जाे रक र रोल हल अफ फेम र राष्ट्रिय अन्वेषक हल अफ फेम दुवैमा सामेल भएका छन् ।

Only you can know if I’m fine or not 

You can read it all on my face.

Don’t know what to say when I’m caught up 

Looking at you with a lover gaze. 

Don’t ask me if I’m still in love with you 

Cuz you won’t ever get the truth.

It’s true when I said I’ll be there 

Whenever you’re up or down

You think I was the one who never cared. 

I’m the villain among the crowd 

And I already wanted to replace you. 

But I don’t really wanna know someone new 

Darling you’re the best I ever had 

I’m here if you want me back. 

हिन्दूहरूका आराध्य देव महादेवको पूजा अर्चना गरेर शिवरात्रि पर्व मनाउने गरिन्छ । याे चाडलाई शिवको विशेष दिनका रूपमा लिने गरिएको छ । हरेक वर्ष फागुन महिनाको कृष्णपक्षको चतुर्दशी तिथिमा शिवरात्रि पर्व मनाउने गरिन्छ । यो पौराणिक पर्वलाई परम्परादेखि नै मनाइँदै आएको छ । यसको सुरुवात कहिलेदेखि भयो भन्ने कुनै ठोस प्रमाण भने भेटिएको छैन । यस दिनमा शिवले समुद्र मन्थनबाट आएको विष पिएका थिए भन्ने जनविश्वास रहेकाे छ । नेपालमा पनि यो चाडलाई विशेष रूपमा लिने गरिएको छ । यो दिन नेपाल सरकारले सार्वजनिक बिदा दिँदै आएको छ । 

शिवरात्रिको दिनमा नेपालका पशुपतिनाथको मन्दिरलगायत देशभरिका शिवमन्दिरहरूमा पूजाका लागि भक्तजनहरूको भिड लाग्ने गरेको छ । यो विशेष दिनमा पशुपतिनाथको दर्शनका लागि नेपालबाट मात्र नभएर छिमेकी देश भारतबाट समेत लाखौँ भक्तजन पशुपतिनाथको दर्शनका लागि आउने गरेका छन् । शिवधुनी जगाएर रातभर जाग्राम बसेर पनि शिवको पूजा आराधना गर्ने गरिएको पाइन्छ । 

यही दिनलाई नेपालमा सैनिक दिवशका रूपमा पनि मनाइँदै आएको छ । सैनिकहरूले आफ्ना विभिन्न कौशलहरूलाई सैनिक मञ्च टुँडीखेलमा प्रदर्शन पनि गर्ने गरेका छन् । जुन कार्यक्रममा नेपालका विशिष्ट पदाधिकारीहरूको पनि उपस्थिति रहने गरेको छ । 

शिवरात्रिको बेलामा युवाहरू भेला हुने, गाँजाभाङलगायतका नशालु पदार्थ सेवन गर्ने प्रचलन पनि पछिल्लो समय बढिरहेको देखिन्छ जुन राम्रो होइन । शिव भगवान्‌को यो विशेष पर्वलाई शिवको सम्झनामा सफा मनले मनाउनु जरुरी छ ।

We want to live painless 

But life without pain and

People without brain 

are just useless

So lots of things can begin

If we try to fight with pain

Don’t lose your hope 

Just try to find the right rope.

Life has many twists and turns

Every one of us has sometimes learn

Don’t give up, though the pace seems slow 

You may succeed with another blow.

हाम्रो कलेजले हामीलाई फागुन ९ गते झोरदेखि ककनी हाइकिङ्ग लगेको थियो । हामीले कलेजमा ८:१५ भित्र उपस्थित हुनुपर्ने थियो ।  हाम्रो हाइकिङ्गको यात्रा ९:०० बजे कलेजबाट गाडीमा निस्किएर सुरु भयो । हामी झोरनजिकसम्म बसको यात्रा गरेर गयौँ । बसको यात्रा निकै रमाइलो थियो । हामी गीत गाउँदै, नाच्दै रमाइलो गरेर गयौँ । 

हामी झोरनजिकबाट हिँड्न थाल्यौँ । बाटामा हिँड्दा हामीले धेरै राम्रा झरना र मन लोभ्याउने विभिन्न दृश्यहरू देख्यौँ । हिँड्दै जाँदा निक्कै सुन्दर ठाउँहरू पनि देख्यौँ । झरना देख्यौँ, हरिया पहाडहरू देख्याैँ र टन्नै फोटाहरू पनि खिच्यौँ । हामीलाई बाटामा हिँड्दा अलि गाह्राे भयो । हिँड्दै गर्दा हामी विभिन तस्बिरहरू पनि खिच्यौँ ।हामी बाटामा रमाइलो गर्दै, गफ गर्दै र खाँदै हिँड्यौँ । करिब ६-७ घण्टा हिँडेपछि हामी ककनीमा रहेको राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जको क्याम्पअगाडि पुग्यौँ । हामी एकदमै थकित थियौँ । हामीले एकै छिन त्यहाँ थकाइ मार्यौँ । त्यसपछि हामी फेरि हिँड्न थाल्यौँ । करिब ५:३० तिर हाम्रो हाइकिङ्गकाे अन्त्य भयो । त्यसपछि निक्कै ठकिन भएर फर्क्यौं । हामीलाई थकाली खाना खान लेते भन्ने रेस्टुरेन्टमा लगियो । त्यहाँबाट हामी घरतिर फर्क्यौं ।

मलाई धेरै समयपछि हिँडेको भएर निकै गारो भयो नत्र यो हाइकिङ्ग एकदमै रमाइलाे र यादगार भयो । 

Our Country is full of amazing things ranging from beautiful and diverse people, their cultures, customs,  breathtaking mountains, birds, floras, and faunas. Out of these amazing things, Music and folk instruments are a masterpiece of our country. Music plays a lot of parts in our history, culture, customs, arts, lifestyle. It defines the way our country is around the world. The respect we have shown to our music has also made it more valuable. 

When I say the word folk instrument we mostly tend to think about Madal, Bansuri, etc and these are indeed true and probably the most common folk instrument that we use and see all of the time. But there are more super amazing instruments in our country. The best music or musical instruments are in fact hidden deep into the Himalayas.  Have you heard of the instrument Tungna or also called Nepalese lute? Most haven't, and that not a problem even I did not know it existed. But it is a type of stringed instrument that sounds almost like a koto. (koto: Japanese  traditional instrument) . But you might be like 'o-okay so why are you bringing this up?', my answer to that would be simple Nepalese traditional instruments don't get the proper recognition that it is supposed to get. If we take for example Japan how widespread its art is, how widespread its music is then it's simply amazing. And I am saying this because even Nepali culture, Arts, Music is simply amazing but people here don't want to take a classical instrument to the stage and play. There are people who say that these instruments don't fit with modern music. They have various questions like; What happened to its improvisation, adaptation, and overcome? Where does it lead someone? One stupid reason that loss of artifacts has to go through. If you now wonder how did Japanese overcome this problem, well it didn't even exist. People who play classical instruments have a lot of respect there compared to what people get there. There are schools dedicated to these teachings there and a lot of them but here in Nepal, we can only find a few of them. So that is one main reason that our traditional music is on the brink of extinction.

In order to solve this problem, we need to create an environment for which musicians who play traditional instruments can grow. Proper respect to those who play these instruments. And if you play classical music/instruments, I recommend that you step up and show your skills. This is the only way we can get our music and instrument enough recognition.

हाम्रो कलेजले हामीलाई हाइकिङ्ग लिएर जाने निर्णय गरेको खबर सुनेर निक्कै खुसी र मज्जा लाग्यो । हाम्रो हाइक सुन्दरीजलदेखि चिसापानीसम्म थियो । आइतबारको दिन थियो । म बिहान ६ बजेतिर उठेँ र हाइकिङ्ग जानका लागि निक्कै उत्सुक थिएँ । नयाँ बनेका साथीहरूसँग अझ घुलमिल हुन पाउने मौका पनि थियो । हामीले बिहानको ७:३० बजे कलेज पुग्नुपर्ने भनेर जानकरी पाएका थियौँ त्यसैले म त्यहीअनुसार तयार हुन थालेँ । 

 कलेजबाट सुन्दरीजलसम्म बस यात्रा थियो । बसमा पनि निक्कै रमाइलो गर्यौं । हामीहरूले गीत गायौँ, नाच्यौँ र टन्नै गफ पनि गर्यौं । सुन्दरीजलबाट हामीले हिँड्न सुरु गर्यौं । सुरु सुरुमा हिँड्न अलि गाह्रो भएको थियो तर पछि साथीहरूसँग गफ गर्दै हिँड्दै जाँदा त्यस्तो महसुस नै भएन । हिँड्दै जाँदा निक्कै सुन्दर ठाउँहरू पनि देख्यौँ । झरना देख्यौँ, हरिया पहाडहरू आदि र टन्नै फोटाहरू पनि खिच्यौँ । लगभग ४-५ घण्टासम्म हामी हिड्यौँ । कुनै कुनै बाटो अलि हिँड्न गाह्रो खालको पनि थियो । बिचमा निक्कै थाकेर एकछिन सबैजना रोकियाैँ र आराम गर्यौं । भोक पनि लागिरहेको थियो त्यसैले खाजा पनि खायौँ । विशेष धन्यवाद हाम्रो निर्मल सरलाई, उहाँले निक्कै मिठा मिठा खाने कुराहरू लिएर आउनुभएको थियो । त्यसपछि हामी फेरि हिँड्न थाल्यौँ । साँझ ४ बजेतिर हाम्रो हाइककोअन्त्य भयो । त्यसपछि निक्कै ठकिन भएर फर्क्यौं । हामीलाई थकाली खाना खान जिम्बु भन्ने रेस्टुरेन्टमा लगियो । त्यहाँबाट हामी घरतिर फर्क्यौं ।

 यो दिन सधैँ यादगार हुने छ । मैले मेरा साथीहरूसँग धेरै सम्झनाहरू सिर्जना गरेँ । यो यात्रा साँच्चिकै रमाइलो र यादगार थियो । 

Are we friends? Just because we talk sometimes, are we friends? I don’t know what a friend means to you, but what I know, a friend is someone with whom you want to share your happiness and sadness but we only talk to each other when we are free and share our inner feelings and when we are not engaged with anyone. We don’t even exist in each other’s world when we have someone else. We don't frequently meet, talk, call or hang out but when we want we meet and share our deepest feelings. There are four types of friendship Acquaintance, Peer friend, Close Friend, and Best friend. Close friends and the best friends are the ones who matter the most in our life after family. Friends don’t only mean humans, even animals can be best friends like Tom and Jerry. Friends are like waves, some small ones which last only for some moments and some are big waves like a tsunami but even a tsunami goes away, but one thing about the friends like a tsunami is they last forever in our memories. Lucky are those who have got friendships that have a separate school, separate college and still cannot be replaced or ignored or forgotten because people go from chatting every night trying to get a reason to talk to someone. In today’s internet age the sad thing is that things go from late-night, non-stop conversations to unseen messages. That is the time we realize that we lost that beautiful bond with our special friends which we wanted to have lasted forever. The reason why we need friends is when you are in that helpless scenario, the depressing mood, and the anger that strangles your soul into sadness. The worst part is not having anyone to share your feelings or mood with. But in those circumstances, one shouldn’t accept any friendship because the worst betrayal never comes from your enemy. Friends are one of those peoples who can give you the best and the worst memories. 

तनाब छ यहाँ धेरै कुराको 

खै जति गरे पनि जस छैन, 

पिर त  छँदै छ, 

जति मेहनत गरे पनि साध्य छैन ।। 

भुझ्ने छैनन् कसैले मार्का तिम्रो 

काम थपिँदै जाने छ,

अन्त्यमा तिमी जे गर्छौ ,

त्यो तिमीमा नै सीमित छ ।।  

जस पाउने छैनाै तिमीले 

तिम्रो मेहनतका लागि 

तर हार मान्नु छैन अब 

कुनै पनि कुरामा ।।