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होन्डुरस: सन्सारको डरलाग्दो देश
- Meemansha Acharya - 23027, Gr ... 12 January, 2022

होन्डुरस पूर्वी अमेरिकामा अवस्थित एक सुन्दर देश हो । होन्डुरसलाई सबैभन्दा डरलाग्दो र हत्या हुने देशमा गन्ने गरिन्छ । गरिबी, शोषण, भ्रष्टाचारबाट ग्रसित यो देशमा मानिसहरू भयभीत छन्, मृत्युलाई अँगालो मारेर बाँच्न बाध्य भएका छन् । एक महिला भएकै कारण मृत्यु हुनु, यो प्रकृतिको कस्तो विडम्बना होला । होन्डुरसमा महिलाहरू महिला भएकाले नै तिरस्कृत हुन्छन्, घरेलु हिंसामा पर्ने गर्दछन् र धेरैजना दिनमै मारिने गर्दछन् । यस्तो भयावह अवस्था छ यो देशका मानिसहरूको ।                                                      

होन्डुरसमा गिरोहकाे उपस्थिति एकदमै सामान्य छ । होन्डुरसमा प्राय ठाँउहरू गिरोहहरूले नै नियन्त्रणमा लिएका हुन्छन्, जहाँ  उनीहरू आफ्नो प्रभाव देखाउन त्यहाँका स्थानीयहरूलाई धम्क्याउँछन्, लुट्छन् र निर्दोषको हत्या पनि गर्दछन् । त्यति मात्र नभएर गिरोहहरू व्यवसाय गर्ने व्यक्तिहरूबाट "युद्ध कर" पनि लिने गर्दछन्, जुन नतिर्नु भनेको मृत्युसँग जाेरी खाेज्नु बराबर हो । कहिले बाटामा हिँड्दा के हुन्छ र कसले कसलाई प्रहार गर्छ भन्ने निश्चय नै हुँदैन । न त सरकारले त्यहाँको अवस्थालाई आएर सम्हाल्न सकेकाे छ, न त स्थानीयले डरले आवाज उठाउन सकेका छन् । यदि कसैले आवाज उठाउने प्रयास गर्छ भने उसको अस्तित्व खतरामा पर्छ । यहाँको गरिबीको फाइदा उठाएर गिरोहहरूले महिलाहरूलाई जबरजस्ती लागु पदार्थ बेचबिखन गर्न बाध्य बनाएका छन् । धेरै महिलाहरू देह व्यपार गर्न मजबुर भएका छन् । कामकाे खोजीमा बाहिर गएका हजारौं महिलाहरू अझै लापता छन् । उनीहरूलाई राम्रो खाना र जागिरको लोभमा तस्करहरूले फसाउने गर्दछन् र छिमेकी देश मेक्सिकोमा लगेर देह व्यपारका लागि बेच्ने गर्दछन् । होन्डुरस फेमिसाइड अर्थात् महिला हत्याका लागि पनि कुख्यात देश हाे । त्यहाँ सन् २०१३ मा प्रत्येक महिना ५३ जना महिलाहरू मारिएका थिए । त्यसमा ९०% मामिलाका हत्याहरूले सजाय पाएनन् । अहिले पनि महिला हत्या बढी नै भए पनि यहाँका आधाभन्दा बढी मामिलाको त अनुसन्धान नै गरिँदैन र धेरैले न्याय नै प्रप्त गर्दैनन् । होन्डुरसका नागरिकहरूले सजिलैसँग  बन्दुक वा राइफल किन्न र दिनदिनै बोकेर हिँड्न सक्ने भएकाले कहिले के हुन्छ भन्ने थाहा हुँदैन ।                                                                          

सन् २०२१ को आम चुनावमा जिओमारा क्यास्ट्रो होन्डुरसको पहिलो महिला राष्ट्रपति भएकी छन् । उनले होन्डुरसमा लैङ्गिक समनता ल्याउन, गरिबी, भ्रष्टाचार हटाउन र फेमिसाइड घटाउन सकिन् भने होन्डुरसमा अवश्य नै विकासको नयाँ उज्यालो आउने छ ।
 


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आधुनिक युग र कम्प्युटर
- Jubin Maharjan - 22026, Grade ... 10 January, 2022

आजको युग आधुनिक युग हो । विज्ञानले मानवजातिका लागि एकपछि अर्को विस्मयकारी अमूल्य उपहार पस्किएको छ, जसले आजको मानव समुदायको जीवन सहज पारेको छ । मानवजातिले गरेका विज्ञानका विभिन्न चामत्कारिक आविष्कारमध्ये कम्प्युटर पनि एक हो । कम्प्युटरको आविष्कारले मानवसमुदायको जीवनचर्यामा आमूल परिवर्तन ल्याएको छ । आज रेल, जहाज, बस, कारजस्ता यातायातका साधनहरूको नियन्त्रण गर्ने र दूरसञ्चार, शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, व्यापार, अनुसन्धानदेखि लिएर गणितका जटिलतम समस्याहरूको तीव्रतासाथ समाधान गर्ने काम कम्प्युटरले गरेको छ । अतः बीसौं शताब्दीले मानवसभ्यताका लागि दिएको एक अदभूत उपहार कम्प्युटर हो ।
कम्प्युटर एक इलेक्ट्रोनिक मेसिन हो । कुनै पनि गल्ती नगरी एकैचोटि एकै समयमा विभिन्न क्रियाहरू गर्न सक्ने अनौठो क्षमता कम्प्युटरमा छ । गणितका जस्तासुकै सङ्ख्याको जोड, घटाउ, गुणन र भाग तत्कालै गर्नाका साथै जटिल समीकरणहरूलाई पलभरमा हल गर्न पनि कम्प्युटर सफल रहन्छ । कम्प्युटरभित्र मानवमस्तिष्कसँग तुलना गर्न सकिने स्मृति रहन्छ र त्यसले धेरै धेरै तथ्यहरूलाई अत्यधिक लामो समयसम्म सुरक्षित राख्न सक्छ । मुख्य रूपमा कम्प्युटरभित्र (१) इनपुट युनिट (२) सेन्ट्रल प्रोसेसिङ युनिट र आउटपुट युनिट रहन्छन् । मानिसका आँखा र कानले जे काम गर्छन्, कम्प्युटरको इनपुट युनिटले त्यही काम गर्दछ; मानवमस्तिष्कले जे काम गर्दछ, त्यस्तै काम कम्प्युटरको सेन्ट्रलप्रोसेसिड् युनिटले गर्दछ र कम्प्युटरको आउटपुट युनिटले चाहिँ मानिसका हात र मुखको काम गर्दछ । 
कम्प्युटर विभिन्न प्रकारका हुन्छन् र ती प्रत्येक प्रकारका भिन्न भिन्न विशेषताहरू पनि हुन्छन् । कम्प्युटरलाई मुख्य रूपमा तीन प्रकारमा विभाजन गर्न सकिन्छ: (१) डिजिटल कम्प्युटर, (२) एनालोग कम्प्युटर र (३) हाइब्रिड कम्प्युटर । डिजिटल कम्प्युटरलाई पनि स्मृतिका आधारमा: (१) माइक्रो कम्प्युटर, (२) मिनी कम्प्युटर, (३) मेनफ्रेम कम्प्युटर र (४) सुपर कम्प्युटर गरी चार वर्गमा विभाजन गर्न सकिन्छ । माइक्रो कम्प्युटरले अधिकतम रूपमा लाखौं शब्दलाई भण्डार गर्न सक्दछ र यी अत्यधिक महँगा हुन्छन् । मिनी कम्प्युटरचाहिँ माइक्रो कम्प्युटरभन्दा पाँच गुना बढ्ता तीव्र हुन्छन् । मिनी कम्प्युटर सबै उच्चस्तरीय भाषाहरू सम्झन सक्छन् । सुपर कम्प्युटर आजसम्म निर्मित कम्प्युटरमध्ये सर्वाधिक शक्तिशाली कम्प्युटर हाे ।
 


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Simple Things that amused me but now not. Why? Well, the answer is simple: Science
- Rakshit Dahal - 22023, Grade ... 10 January, 2022

Ever since I was a kid, I used to get amused by simple things - even now. I am all grown up but still, I am amused by little things until I meet science. I remember this event when I was a kid on my dad’s bike. I was seated between my mom and dad and then this uphill came and the bike just accelerated all the way up that graveled road with zero effort. And my little mind could not process but be amazed at how incredible the machine was to drive all the way up with three people on it. And how could I not be amazed when the only thing my dad was doing was rotating his wrist a bit on the accelerator. If anyone would have said it was magic, I would have probably believed it with zero questions.  But now I am 17 years old with science as a major subject in my high school year. I recently learned about the Diesel Engine and Petrol Engine. But even after reading the whole chapter the engine still amuses me, not on how it worked but how the human mind had the capacity to build something so small yet so strong. If we think a bit too deep everything around us-  our phone, laptop, induction heater, washing machine, fridge, and whatnot is just made from the raw materials found on earth like rocks and steel. The human mind has the capacity to turn simple silicon that is found in rocks and sand into a chip that has the potential to do infinite work. We have come a long way just within a decade, the maximum population of the world switched from keypad phones to smartphones. Everything is on the tip of our fingers. Most of the countries are living digitally, if anyone would have told me it was possible to know the face structure and body type using only a strain of my hair or with the help of my teeth, no one would have believed me. But here we are 15 years ahead. And all of this has been possible with the great success we have achieved in science. Over all these years we have gained unimaginable things, thanks to all those incredible minds that dedicated their lives to create the world we live in today. Not only do we know about the world we live in but we even happen to know about the universe, the galaxy we live in. We even know about the scary things that could possibly be outside this world. The world seemed small 2 decades ago, not just a global village with data and information flowing constantly every nanosecond.

Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood. Now is the time to understand more, so that we may fear less. ― Marie Curie
 


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Drug use among youth: Peer pressure? Curiosity? Lack of parental involvement? Bullying? or...?
- Diya Bajracharya - 22032, Gra ... 10 January, 2022

Drug addiction has become a global issue, particularly among youth. Many young individuals become addicted to a variety of narcotics and stimulant medicines, which have a narcotic effect. Addicts' lives are ruined in every way because they lose contact with their families and live in a parallel universe. They spend a lot of money on drugs and then look for illicit ways to get money. According to NIDA International, more than 90 percent of the total drug addicts in Nepal have started using drugs prior to the age of 16. The large numbers of drug addicts have been found to be between the ages of 16 to 20  Drug usage has resulted in the spread of HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, and other sexually transmitted diseases, as well as drug addiction (STDs). It has been shown that heroin addicts and other intravenous drug users (IDUs) are more prone to getting these disorders. The number of IDUs is believed to be 20 thousand among 60 thousand drug addicts. Sixty-eight percent of these IDUs have HIV, and the majority of them take multiple drugs.
Adolescents are particularly prone to drug and alcohol abuse. They're in a stage of life where pushing limits and testing boundaries is normal. Teens are also subjected to a great deal of stress as a result of their developmental stages. Their bodies are changing at the same time as their brains are developing. Anxiety and social awkwardness are frequently caused by a difference between the two. Teens may be encouraged to try drugs by their peers, have easy access to drugs, use drugs to rebel against their families or society, or take an illicit drug because they are curious about it or the pleasure it provides. Teenagers exist in a grey zone between childhood and maturity. As a result, kids grow up with significant feelings of stress, uncertainty, self-doubt, pressure to succeed, and other concerns. There are many causes for teenagers having contact with drugs. Indirect pressure is when someone sees everyone around using drugs. Even if a person had no intentions of using drugs one might do it just to be considered "cool" by their friends or peer pressure. Just as teens do, parents have their own images of what someone with a drug problem looks like, and it can be as extreme as the child’s view. These preconceived notions help parents stay in denial of a potential problem. Parents are usually chained with societal stereotypes, according to the older mental reference toward drugs is “ biggest taboo in our society”. But it should not be taken very leniently and should not be dealt with in solidarity.

Youths are referred to as moldable clays and can be shaped in desired shapes. In the same way, young people are heavily influenced by western culture and Hollywood cults. Mostly the drugs were from the west and they spread with cultural exchange and also with western dominance all over the world. There are many more drugs in variations being sold. But the police don’t have that note regarding it. But to create a healthy environment we need to make youths clean and the country and society prosper.
 


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सामाजिक सञ्जालका साइटहरू र यिनबाट बालबालिकामा परेका प्रभावहरू
- Jubin Maharjan - 22026, Grade ... 24 December, 2021

सामाजिक सञ्जालका साइटहरू यस्ता ठाउँ हुन्, जहाँ मानिसहरू अन्य मानिसहरूसँग सामाजिक रूपमा जाेडिन सक्छन् । यहाँ मानिसहरूले आफ्ना रुचि, गतिविधिहरू, तस्बिरहरू वा आफ्नो जीविका साझा गर्न सक्छन् । हामीले यी सामाजिक सञ्जालहरू हाम्रा मोबाइल, ल्यापटप, कम्प्युटर आदिबाट प्रयोग गर्न सक्छौँ । सामाजिक सञ्जालका केही उदाहरणहरू फेसबुक, इन्स्टाग्राम, टिकटक आदि हुन् । पछिल्लो समय सामाजिक सञ्जालको प्रयोग बढ्दै गएको छ । लगभग हरेक व्यक्तिले कम्तीमा एक सामाजिक सञ्जालकाे साइट प्रयोग गरेको छ । 

आजकल हामी देख्न सक्छौँ कि कानुनी रूपमा उमेर नपुगेका बच्चाहरूले पनि यी साइटहरू प्रयोग गरिरहेका छन् । सामाजिक सञ्जालले बच्चाको मानसिक स्वास्थ्यमा फरक फरक प्रभाव पार्न सक्छ । सामाजिक सञ्जालका साइटहरूमा राम्रो र खराब दुवै सामग्री हुन सक्छन् तर साना बच्चाहरूले तिनीहरूबिचको भिन्नता बताउन सक्दैनन् त्यसैले यो तिनीहरूका लागि खतरनाक हुन सक्छ । बालबालिकाहरूमा सामाजिक साइटहरूको नकारात्मक प्रभावका केही उदाहरणहरू छन् । बच्चाहरू साइटहरूको लतमा पर्छन्, उनीहरूले हेर्ने र सिकेका सामग्रीले उनीहरूको बढ्दो मस्तिष्कमा प्रभाव पार्न सक्छन् । सामाजिक साइटहरूमा धेरै बालबालिकाहरू हिंसात्मक वा यौन सामग्रीको सम्पर्कमा छन्  । यसले बच्चाको मानसिक स्वास्थ्य, आत्मसम्मान आदिमा नकारात्मक असर पार्न सक्छ । सामाजिक साइटहरूमा धेरै बच्चाहरू साइबर बुलिङको सिकार पनि हुन सक्छन् । सामाजिक साइटहरूमा केही अपराधीहरूले बच्चाहरूलाई पनि लक्षित गर्छन् र उनीहरूलाई उनीहरूका व्यक्तिगत जानकारीहरू, जस्तैः फोन नम्बर, ठेगानाहरू आदि साझा गर्न लगाउँछन्, जुन बच्चाका लागि खतरापूर्ण हुन सक्छ । 

यी सबै समस्या आमाबाबुको सरल निगरानीद्वारा सजिलै समाधान गर्न सकिन्छ । अभिभावकहरूले आफ्ना बच्चाहरूलाई कुनै उचित दिशानिर्देशबिना सामाजिक साइटहरूमा छोड्नु हुँदैन । यदि बच्चाहरू जवान छन् भने आमाबाबुले आफ्ना बच्चाहरूले साइटहरूमा के गर्दै छन्, तिनीहरू साइटमा कोसँग कुरा गर्दै छन् वा उनीहरूले ती साइटहरू कति समयसम्म प्रयोग गरिरहेका छन् भन्ने कुरा थाहा हुनुपर्छ ।
 


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के नेपालको विकास होला त ?
- Parikshit Maharjan - 22029, G ... 24 December, 2021

हालकाे समयमा हेर्नुपर्दा नेपाल अरू देशकाे तुलनामा धेरै पछाडि रहेको छ तर भविष्यमा गएर नेपालको गति के होला त ? यो राम्रो प्रश्न हो । विशेष गरी आजकलका युवा पिढीलाई यो एउटा चिन्ताको विषय हो किनेभने उनीहरूको भविष्य के नेपालमै सीमित होला त ? कोही सोच्छन्, ‘नेपालमा भविष्य नै छैन’, त कोही भन्छन्, “म नै नेपालको भविष्य हुँ ।” वर्तमानको नेपालको हाल हेर्ने हो भने पहिलो सोच राख्ने व्यक्तिहरू पनि गलत होइनन् । विगत १० वर्षलाई हेर्ने हो भने नेपालले प्रगति अवश्य गरेको छ तर धेरै व्यर्थका कारण नेपाल अझै पनि विकासको गतिलाई समात्न सकिरहेको छैन तर भविष्य भविष्य हो । पछि गएर के हुन्छ, हुँदैन कसैलाई थाहा छैन । त्यसैले दोस्रो सोच राख्ने व्यक्तिहरूको सोच राम्रो छ तर जोखिमपूर्ण छ । परिवर्तन ल्याउने सोच राम्रो हो तर नेपालजस्तो देशमा टन्नै घुसखाेर व्यक्तिहरू बसेका छन्, जो पैसाका लागि जे पनि गर्न तयार हुन्छन् त्यसैले सही ढङ्गमा हिँडेर नडराई सबैलाई साथ लिएर अघि बढ्ने हो भने हो, आजका युवा नै भोलिकाे नेपालका भविष्य हुन् ।

नातावादका कारण पनि नेपालको भविष्य जोखिममा देखिन्छ, जसको शक्ति उसैको भक्तिजस्ताे चलन नेपालमा अझै पनि गएको छैन । यो लाजमर्दाे कुरा हो । विश्वका अरू देश आफ्नो झन्डा चन्द्रमामा फहराउन थालिसके तर नेपालले भने अहिले पनि गरिबीमा आफ्नो जीवन काटिरहेको अवस्था छ । दोष आखिर दिने कसलाई ? के देश चलाउने नेतालाई ? कि त देशमा बस्ने जनतालाई ? म भन्छु, यो एक आर्कालाई दोष दिने बानीले गर्दा नै नेपाल अघि बढ्न नसकेको हो । यदि देश चलाउने नेता र देशमा बस्ने जनता दुवै मिलेर अघि बढ्ने हो भने नेपालले विकासको गति समात्ने छ र अरू देशलाई चुनौती दिने छ तर आखिर यो भाव आउने कहिले त ? विकास त पहिलाभन्दा ठिकै भएको छ नेपालमा । हवाइजहाजहरू ठुलाे सङ्ख्यामा उड्न थालेका छन् । ठुला ठुला घरहरू बनिरहेका छन् र यस्ता थुप्रै कार्यहरू भइरहेका छन् तर पनि देश पछाडि नै परिरहेको छ, किन ? किनकि जेजति पनि विकास भएको छ, त्याे विकास कसैले पनि देशका लागि गरेनन्, सिर्फ आफ्नाे स्वार्थपूर्तिका लागि गरे । 
नेपाल एक सुन्दर ठाउँ हो । पुर्खाहरूको नासाे हो हाम्रो यो देश नेपाल । महापापी त उनीहरू हुन्, जसले हाम्रा पुर्खाहरूको सम्पत्तिलाई बेचेर सम्पत्ति थुपारे । यस्तै सबै आवस्थाहरूका कारण नेपाल अघि बढ्न नसकेकाे हाे । के कमी छ र नेपालमा जसले गर्दा विकास हुन सकेन ? प्रकृतिको साथ छ नेपालमा, जनताको साथ छ, विभिन्न देशको साथ छ तर पनि नेपाल निकै नै पछाडि छ । कहिले को प्रधानमन्त्री त कहिले को । जो जो कुर्सीमा बस्छन्, सिर्फ आफ्नो स्वार्थ हेर्छन् । भएभरका जनताकाे पैसा लुटेर आफ्नो र आफ्ना नातेदारको पेट भर्छन् ।

गलत कुराको एक दिन अन्त्य हुन्छ नै । चाहे ढिलै होस् तर नेपालको विकास अवश्य हुन्छ । कहिले त भन्न सकिँदैन तर जबसम्म नेपाली जनताको साथ छ, तबसम्म आस छ, तबसम्म नेपाल कहिले पनि अरूको अगाडि झुक्दैन र एक दिन नेपालको झन्डा गर्वले लहराउने छ । 
 


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The Bond Between Humans and Other Animals.
- Safal Gautam - 22016, Grade X ... 24 December, 2021

Friendship, a simple word, yet it carries a very deep meaning when you connect it with someone you are especially close with. Friendship is such a bond that you can have it with anything. May it be a Human, Animal or even in some cases some inanimate objects. As much as it is obvious from the title, here I am gonna talk about the special bond, a friendship that Humans tend to share with animals.

Wikipedia says, “Interspecies friendships often form between humans and domesticated animals through mutualism in which the human gains something beneficial from their pet and the pet gains something beneficial from the human.” I would like to disagree with what wikipedia has described about the special bond. You don’t deem friendship with benefits, that is just a mutual deal and well, a sort of business relationship. Friendship is that bond which makes you spiritually connect with that being who you feel safe with and trust the most.

Getting back on topic, most of all may or used to have pets. I suppose all the people who have raised a pet from its birth or just 1-2 months of birth may have noticed how, if you make it feel safe or at home, the pet starts to warm up to you very fast. This is a type of instinct which makes even wild animals feel you are their close one even if you are genetically different.Time to time we get to hear or see news regarding the “loyalty” of pets, especially dogs, towards their owners. Instead of “Loyalty”, it should be deemed as friendship because loyal are those who treat you like their superior not equals.

Anyway, we hear how a dog chases after an ambulance after it takes away its owner due to some medical emergency. Some news also have amazing scenarios like how the dog was let in the ambulance to stay beside the owner, or how the dog waited outside the hospital the whole time. It is sad enough even to make a grown man cry…

Recently I learned of a gorilla named Kwibi, who seemed to be actually a famous animal celebrity of his time, and his caretaker, Damian Aspinall. The story starts with how Damian raised Kwibi from when the gorilla was just a little being. But Damian knew that one day he had to release Kwibi in the wild. Five years later, Damian wanted to go and see how Kwibi was doing in the wild, though he was warned not to approach the gorilla as now he had become a wild animal and there were reports of Kwibi attacking two humans. Still, Damian knew that he wanted to see Kwibi one last time.

As you may have already guessed, Damian got to meet Kwibi after five long years, after he spent hours in the river alongside the jungle Kwibi was calling out for the gorilla. At first, Kwibi was kind of vigilant but after spending some time with Damian, Kwibi refused to let go of Damian and introduced his Wife to his caretaker.“I cannot describe the love and affection that was sipping out of his eyes when he finally knew it was me”, Damian said. The most amazing thing is not this, when the time came to part ways with Kwibi once and for all, Kwibi and his whole tribe followed the boat on which Damian was sailing and spent the night alongside Damian in his camp refusing to let Damian leave his sight.

Again, it's sad enough to make a grown man cry. Such friendships and bonds are rare, but they are not too much to be surprised about. It can happen between a tiger and a human, a lion and a human, Not all animals but fairly most animals.
 


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