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People with blue eyes have common ancestor
- Samyak Baniya - 23027, Grade ... 14 February, 2022

"Originally, all of us had brown eyes," stated Professor Hans Eiberg from the department of cellular and Molecular remedy” however a genetic mutation affecting the OCA2 gene in our chromosomes resulted in the creation of a "switch," which literally "turned off" the ability to produce brown eyes." 
The OCA2 gene codes for the so-called P protein, that is involved within the production of melanin, the pigment that gives coloration to our hair, eyes and skin. The "switch," that is located within the gene adjacent to OCA2 does not, however, turn off the gene completely, however as an alternative limits its motion to reducing the manufacturing of melanin within the iris -- effectively "diluting" brown eyes to blue.
The transfer's impact on OCA2 is very specific consequently. If the OCA2 gene had been absolutely destroyed or turned off, human beings would be without melanin in their hair, eyes or skin color -- a condition known as albinism.variation in the color of the eyes from brown to inexperienced can all be explained by the quantity of melanin in the iris, however blue-eyed individuals only have a small degree of variation in the quantity of melanin in their eyes. "From this we are able to conclude that all blue-eyed people are linked to the same ancestor," says Professor Eiberg. "they've all inherited the same transfer at precisely the same spot in their DNA." Brown-eyed individuals, by contrast, have extensive character variation in the vicinity in their DNA that controls melanin production.Professor Eiberg and his team examined mitochondrial DNA and compared the attention shade of blue-eyed individuals in countries as diverse as Jordan, Denmark and Turkey.
His findings are the latest in a decade of genetic studies, which started in 1996, when Professor Eiberg first implicated the OCA2 gene as being responsible for eye color.


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Sketching:The period of my relaxation.
- Anshu Niroula - 23009, Grade ... 11 February, 2022

Our life is full of work and stress, and it never seems to cease. Stress and pressure diminishes our life force leaving us with little energy and that too gets depleted with doing other things which includes  recreational activities. To get out of this whirlpool of energy absorbing sources i.e. stress, people seek the activities that help them to relax, it may be reading books or just sleeping which mostly heals the problem if you can get it. For me it’s sketching and it always helps me to have a peaceful mind and clear thinking.

Well sketching is a vast term and can mean many things and differ from person to person, for me it's a skill through which I can  roughly draw the moment present in my mind. Though I may not be professional or not even good enough, just starting to sketch alone drives me towards a peaceful state. I don’t sketch often as I am still a student who depends on parents for support and don’t have the stress level of adults, and I am quite busy with my assignments and all but I find the time to sketch here and there.

“Art enables us to find ourselves and lose ourselves at the same time.” – Thomas Merton. As said above sketching has helped me to express myself and my sketches differ according to my emotions which sometimes can't be said aloud or can’t be expressed. It is also a way to vent my anger and as they say anger doesn’t bring any good and is reflected in most of my sketches when I am angry but it does help me clear my mind, it doesn’t affect me if I mess my sketch up as it is the work of creativity, and it speaks things I can’t speak. 


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Is becoming less social a result of social media?
- Binayak Kumar Mahato - 22025, ... 11 February, 2022

In indirect and less obvious ways, social networking sites are making us antisocial. Yes, it has allowed us to reach out to a bigger group of individuals and revolutionized how we engage with one another. It gave us insight into how various people thought. So here's my question to everyone: Are we becoming less social as a result of social media? We've all heard the social media horror stories. Problems such as cyberbullying and sex scandals have clung to the idea of various social media channels, negatively skewing its picture. However, there are other advantages to using social media that we frequently overlook. As a result of social media, we become more social. Because it allows us to connect with people we know and people we don't know, as well as create positive changes with just a few taps on a screen, the advantages of social media outweigh the disadvantages. People nowadays have a large number of friends, with friend lists numbering in the hundreds. Are they, however, truly our friends? More than half of the 'friends' on our list are people we've never spoken to, and a small percentage are people we've never even seen! A friend is someone who is tied to another living creature by feelings of affection or personal esteem, according to the dictionary.

Even if it isn't on our list of friends, our pet is one of us. I agree that these sites allow us to communicate with our loved ones, but "people have forgotten the concept of loved ones nowadays and have started to believe that 'social media' is their home." People nowadays prefer to chat rather than engage in real conversation with one another. My parents and sister frequently complain that I don't give them enough time. I spend almost all of my time on Facebook or Instagram, even when no one is available to talk to, I'm always waiting for people, but I'm never aware that there are people waiting for me outside of the social media world. Perhaps I've lost a few wonderful friends in order to gain a few new ones just in the virtual world. Maybe all of this social networking has turned me into a loner or introvert.

We are so entangled with social media that we have developed a psychological dependency on it as a result of our obsessive fear of missing out on a social connection opportunity. We are always worried about missing out, and if we do, we make up excuses to go back, which makes us anxious and sad. This is quite dangerous, because network companies are constantly devising new techniques to keep you glued to their sites, and we are becoming addicted


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वातावरण
- Ansel Dhungana - 22018, Grade ... 11 February, 2022

विभिन्न मानवीय गतिविधिका कारण वातावरणमा द्रुत रूपमा गिरावट आएको छ । यसले वायु प्रदूषण, ग्लोबल वार्मिङ र प्राकृतिक प्रकोपजस्ता धेरै मुद्दाहरूलाई निम्त्याएको छ । वातावरणको उपेक्षाले धेरै मृत्यु र आर्थिक तनाव निम्त्याएको छ । ग्लोबल वार्मिङबाट बढ्दो तापमानको कारण समुद्रको सतह बढेको छ, हिउँका टुक्राहरू पग्लिरहेका छन् र तटीय सहरहरू डुबिरहेका छन् । जीवाश्म, इन्धन, काठ र वायुमण्डलमा छोडिएका विभिन्न रासायनिक पदार्थहरूबाट उत्सर्जित धुवाँले हावालाई फोहोर बनाएको छ । हावामा खतरनाक रसायनहरू हुन्छन् । यसले श्वाससम्बन्नधी धेरै रोगहरू निम्त्याउँछ, जस्तैः दम र सिओपिडी । मानवका कारण भएको वनको कटानले पहिरो र माटोको क्षतिजस्ता समस्या निम्त्याउँछ । वन फँडानीको कारणले माटोलाई तिनीहरूको जराले समात्ने बिरुवाहरू अब त्यहाँ छैनन् किनकि जराले माटो समात्दैन, यसैले माटो वर्षाले धोइन्छ वा हावाले उडाइन्छ । माटोको क्षरणले माटोको उर्वरा शक्तिलाई घटाउँछ ।


वातावरणको बिग्रँदो अवस्था रोक्न हामीले गर्न सक्ने थुप्रै कुरा छन् । वातावरण संरक्षणको बारेमा मानिसहरूलाई शिक्षित गर्नु, वातावरणीय गिरावटका विरुद्ध कडा कानुनहरू लागु गर्ने र अपराधीहरूलाई कडा सजाय दिने आदि वातावरणीय गिरावटलाई कम गर्ने सरल तरिकाहरू हुन् ।

यदि हामीले पर्यावरण संरक्षणलाई गम्भीरतापूर्वक लिएनौँ भने भावी पुस्ताले संसाधनहरूको उपस्थितिसम्बन्धी प्रमुख समस्याहरूको सामना गर्नुपर्ने छ । यो समस्या वर्तमान विकास कार्यक्रममा दिगो विकासको कार्यान्वयन गरेर लागु गरिन्छ । दिगो विकास भनेको विकासको प्रक्रिया हो, जसले भावी पुस्ताका आवश्यकताहरूसँग सम्झौता नगरी वर्तमान पुस्ताका आवश्यकताहरू पुरा गर्दछ । दिगो विकासका लागि संसाधनहरूको अत्यधिक शोषणबिना संसाधनको समझदार उपयोगको आवश्यकता छ । वर्तमान दरमा धेरै गैरनवीकरणीय संसाधनहरू निकट भविष्यमा भावी पुस्ताको उपयोगका लागि उपलब्ध नहुन सक्छन् । त्यसो भए भावी पुस्तालाई हाम्रो दिमागमा राख्नुपर्छ, जब हामी संसाधनहरूको उपयोग गर्दछौँ ।
 


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Science: A blessing or Curse
- Neharika Panta - 23028, Grade ... 10 February, 2022

This is an era of science and technology. Science has revolutionized the existence of humans. Much of the progress that mankind has made in different fields right from the stone age to the modern age became possible due to the progress made in the field of science. Science is the greatest blessing for today’s world. But science has been a mixed blessing. It has been a boon and a bane as well in various aspects. It has given us many dangerous and destructive weapons like atoms and hydrogen bombs and missiles.
Science has changed the face of human civilization because of too many wonderful inventions and discoveries. Science has benefited humans in an unexpected manner by its wonderful progress and development. And still, the development, research, inventions, and discoveries are going on in a fast way. Humanity enjoys some of the best comforts of the present-day world to the development of means of transport. Railways on land, ships on the sea, and airplanes in the air enable us to travel from one place to another in the shortest possible time. Journeys now take only a few hours because of science. Travel has become rapid and comfortable. Interplanetary travel may one day become a reality with the help of science and technology. Besides this, the discovery of electricity is being used in homes, in offices, and in factories. It is a source of energy. Electric fans, electric lamps, electric heaters, and other electrical appliances have made our life easy. Electricity has replaced many human laborers in various ways. Science has benefited agriculture too. The food production levels and quality have improved nowadays which is only possible with help of science and technology. Advanced tools and machinery, improved irrigation methods. Information technology and computers have changed our lifestyle. 
Science has given a lot of miracles that human beings had ever imagined.  Along with this science must be used wisely to save human values that make us humans. 
 


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बच्चाहरूका लागि गुणस्तरीय शिक्षा
- Pranjal Khatiwada - 23030, Gr ... 10 February, 2022

बच्चाहरू समाजकाे निर्माणसम्बन्धी एउटा महत्त्वपूर्ण खण्ड हुन् । भनिन्छ बच्चाहरू हाम्रो राष्ट्रका भविष्य हुन् । याे कुरा एकदम सही हो कि उनीहरू हाम्रो राष्ट्रका भविष्य हुन् र हाम्रो राष्ट्रको भविष्य राम्रो बनाउनका लागि बच्चाहरूलाई गुणस्तरीय शिक्षा दिनु एकदम आवश्यक छ । जबसम्म हाम्रो देशका सबै बच्चाहरूका लागि गुणस्तरीय शिक्षाको प्रबन्ध हुँदैन, तबसम्म हाम्रो देश समृद्ध हुने बाटोमा लाग्न सक्दैन । हाम्रो देशको संविधानले शिक्षालाई मौलिक हकको रूपमा स्थापित गरेको छ । शिक्षा पाउनुपर्छ भन्ने अधिकार हाम्रो संविधानमा भएको सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण मौलिक अधिकारहरूमध्ये एक हो तर पनि विशेष गरी दुर्गम क्षेत्रमा धेरै बालबालिकाहरू यस अधिकारबाट वञ्चित छन् तर यसको मतलब सहर क्षेत्रका हरेक बालबालिकाले गुणस्तरीय शिक्षा पाइरहेका छन् भन्ने पनि होइन । सहरमा भएका बालबालिकाहरू पनि आर्थिक कठिनाइ होस् या जातीय भेदभाव र विशेष गरी लैङ्गिक विभेदका कारणले  शिक्षा प्राप्त गर्नबाट वञ्चित भइरहेका छन् ।

हरेक बालबालिकालाई गुणस्तरीय शिक्षाको अधिकार प्राप्त गराउन एकदम आवश्यक छ । हाम्रो सरकारले बालबालिकालाई विद्यालय जाने अवस्था सिर्जना गर्ने र गुणस्तरीय शिक्षा प्राप्त गराउने कुरामा प्रभावकारी रूपमा काम गर्नुपर्छ । प्रत्येक विद्यालयलमा विद्यार्थीहरूले आफूलाई सबै तरिकाले आफ्नो कला र आफूलाई भन्न मन लागेका कुराहरू व्यक्त गर्न सक्ने खालको सुरक्षित विद्यार्थीमैत्री वातावरण चाहिन्छ त्यसैले विद्यार्थीमैत्री वातावरण बनाउनुपर्छ । राम्रो भौतिक पूर्वाधार उपलब्ध गराउनुपर्छ तर हाम्रो देशका दुर्गम क्षेत्रका विद्यालयमा यस्ता सुविधाको अभाव छ । सरकारले विशेषगरी दुर्गम क्षेत्रमा र त्यसपछि सहरी क्षेत्रको शिक्षा क्षेत्रको विकासलगायत विभिन्न नियमहरूको स्थापना गराउनुपर्छ र एकजुट भएर बच्चाहरूको भविष्य सुधार्ने भन्ने लक्ष्यका साथ काम गर्नुपर्छ । शिक्षा क्षेत्रलाई सशक्तीकरण गरी गुणस्तरीय शिक्षा दिने काम गर्नुपर्छ । दुर्गम क्षेत्रहरूमा विभिन्न उन्नत सिकाइ उपकरणहरू उपलब्ध गराउनुपर्छ । शिक्षा भन्ने जुन एउटा क्षेत्र छ, त्यसलाई सरकारले समग्र रूपमा गुणस्तरीय र सस्तो हुने तरिकाले अरूसामु प्रस्तुत गराउनुपर्छ ताकि हाम्रा देशका भविष्यहरू शिक्षा प्राप्तितर्फ लाग्न सकुन् र त्यो स्थापना गर्नमा  सरकारको ठुलो भूमिका हुने छ ।

बालबालिकालाई शिक्षा प्रदान गर्न अभिभावकको महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका हुन्छ । हाम्रा बालबालिकाको शिक्षामा अभिभावकको भूमिका आर्थिक पक्षमा मात्र आवश्यक हुन्छ भन्ने हाम्रो देशमा पुरानो जमानाको सोच छ तर यो सही कुरा होइन । आर्थिक आवश्यकताहरूको साथमा आमाबाबुले घरमा आफ्ना बच्चाहरूका लागि उपयुक्त पढ्न मन लाग्ने वातावरण सिर्जना गर्न जिम्मेवार हुनुपर्छ । उनीहरूले आफ्ना छोराछोरीलाई निरन्तर जाँच गर्नुपर्छ र विद्यालयका गतिविधिहरूमा पनि उपस्थित हुनुपर्छ, ताकि बच्चाहरूले के गरिरहेका छन् भन्ने कुरा थाहा हुन्छ र अझै कसरी उनीहरूको भविष्य सुधार्न सकिन्छ भन्नेजस्ता अरू विभिन्न कुरा थाहा हुन्छ, जसले उनीहरूलाई आफ्ना छोराछोरीलाई राम्रो बाटामा लगाउनमा मद्दत गर्दछ । छोराछोरीलाई अभिभावकले पढाइमा उत्प्रेरित गर्नुपर्छ । उनीहरूलाई जबरजस्ती गरेर पढ, पढ, भन्नुमा कुनै पनि फाइदा हुँदैन ।

कुल मिलाएर बालबालिकाहरू कुनै न कुनै रूपमा विद्यालयमा उपस्थित हुन्छन् तर उनीहरूलाई उपयुक्त रूपमा सिकाइको वातावरणसहित गुणस्तरीय सिकाइ उपलब्ध गराउनु अभिभावक र सरकारको ठुलो दायित्व हाे । बच्चाहरूले गुणस्तरीय शिक्षा प्राप्त गर्नु भनेको आफ्नो परिवार र आफ्नो देशका लागि फाइदाजनक कुरा हो किनभने यदि हाम्रा बच्चाहरूले राम्रो शिक्षा पाए भने उनीहरूले आफ्नो देशको विकास र उन्नतितर्फ ठुलो योगदान गर्न सक्छन् । देशमा रहेर उनीहरू देश विकास गर्न सक्छन् र बाहिर गएर पनि नयाँ नयाँ कुरा सिकेर आएर यदि देशको विकासमा सहयाेग पुर्याए भने देशको भलो हुने छ र त्यसको ग्यारेन्टी भनेको गुणस्तरीय शिक्षा बच्चाहरूलाई प्राप्त गराउनुबाट हुन्छ । 


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What if I had superpowers?
- Rakshit Dahal - 22023, Grade ... 10 February, 2022

It has been a dream to most of us about having superpowers. Every night when I couldn’t sleep, I used to imagine myself having superpowers and saving the world, within seven minutes into that dream I was sound asleep. If not all of us, most of us have imagined having a superpower and saving our friends from bad people or saving a girl you liked from bad people and being the hero of your own subconscious mind.

With the rise of Marvel and DC comics and adaptation into movies, the idea of being a superhero has grown more into kids these days and there is no doubt that it is a healthy obsession. Not just kids but people of all ages are super excited when it comes to superheroes. There are a lot of options to choose on which superhero you would like to be. For me I created my own superhero, to be precise I have this idea of a superhero who has a cube that he could turn into anything he thought of, whether it be Iron-Man’s suit or Boeing 747, all he had to do was think. Let’s call him TacoMan for now.

Whenever I have trouble sleeping, I imagine turning myself into TacoMan and roaming cities with my little cube that could turn into anything I wished for. I know it was my escape from reality in one way and enjoying every moment being a TacoMan. I imagined turning every city into a crime-free city, sending corrupted officers to jail, and creating multiple job opportunities. In a nutshell, I imagined a utopian city that TacoMan built. He would do all sorts of things but there’s no doubt that his powers must be for good aim. If I had superpowers I would probably spend every night in a new country. I would frequently travel to different parts of the world and explore unexplored seas. I would try to reach the bottom of the sea and also use my powers to find ships that were only heard in stories after they sank. Who knows if I had the brain and the power I would even reunite North Korea and South Korea and also end all the conflicts happening in Afghanistan. Maybe I would even find a new life on another planet, find new species, and ensure the survival of human beings for eternity. Maybe I would fight Thanos, Thor and the King of Wakanda by my side. It would be a good experience,  but at the end of the day it would only be possible if  “I had Superpowers”. 
 


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