बेलायतले भारतलाई सफलतापूर्वक नियन्त्रण गरेपछि ऊ अफगानिस्तानमाथि  नियन्त्रण गर्न चाहन्थ्यो । बेलायत र अफगानिस्तानबिच २ ओटा एङ्ग्लाे युद्ध भए तर बेलायतले पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध समाप्त भएपछि अफगानिस्तान छाड्यो । अफगानिस्तानमा राजतन्त्र सुरु भयो ।  जाहिर शाहले सन् १९७३ सम्म ४० वर्ष लामो शासन गरे । मोहम्मद दाउद खान (जाहेर शाहका भाइ) ले सरकार पल्टाए र पिडिपिए (पिपुल्स डेमोक्र्याटिक पार्टी अफ अफगानिस्तान) को समर्थनमा आफ्नो शासन सुरु गरे ।

पिडिपिएले सकारात्मक परिवर्तन ल्याउन कोसिस गर्‍यो तर अफगानिस्तानका जनताले त्यो मन पराएनन् । सोभियत सङ्घले पिडिपिएलाई समर्थन गर्‍यो जसले गर्दा अफगान-सोभियत युद्ध सुरु भयो । अमेरिकाले अफगानिस्तानी मानिसहरूलाई सहयोग गर्न थाल्यो ।  उनीहरूले आर्थिक रकम र सैन्य कोष प्रदान गर्न थाले । अमेरिकाले  करिब १ लाख मुझाहिदिन्सहरूलाई प्रशिक्षण दियो । अमेरिकाले पाकिस्तानमार्फत् हतियार अफगानिस्तानमा पठाउन थाल्यो । अमेरिकी सरकारले १९७९ देखि १९८९ सम्ममा २० बिलियन डलर अफगानिस्तानमा खर्च गर्यो । सोभियत सङ्घले हराउन नसक्ने भएपछि १९८९ मा फिर्ता गयो र सोभियत-अफगान युद्ध समाप्त भयो । 

जब सोभियत सङ्घ अफगानिस्तानबाट फर्कियो, अमेरिकाले मुझाहिदिन्सहरूलाई सहयोग गर्न बन्द गर्यो । त्यसपछि मुझाहिदिन्सहरू अमेरिकाविरूद्ध जान थाले । मुझाहिदिन्सहरूसँग हतियार तथा पैसाको केही कमी थिएन । उनीहरूले गृहयुद्ध प्रारम्भ गरे । सन् १९९२ मा अफगानिस्तानले "इस्लामिक राज्य" को  मान्यता प्राप्त गर्यो । त्यसकाे दुई वर्षपछि सन् १९९४ मा तालिबान गठन भयो । त्यसको दुई वर्षभित्र तालिबानले  सम्पूर्ण अफगानिस्तानमा नियन्त्रण गर्यो । सन् २००१ मा ओसामा बिन लादेनले सेप्टेम्बर ११ मा "ट्विन टावर" मा  हमला गरेपछि जर्ज डब्ल्यु बुसको योजनाअनुसार नाटोको सहयोगमा अमेरिकाले अफगानिस्तानमा सैनिक पठायो । करिब १ लाखभन्दा बढी सेना अफगानिस्तानमा परिचालन गरियो । 

तालिबानले आफूले नियन्त्रण गरेका सहरहरू गुमाउनु परे पनि अमेरिकाले तालिबानलाई हराउन भने कहिले पनि सकेन । २०१४ देखि अमेरिकाले सैन्य कारबाही रोकेको छ तर आफ्नो सेना भने फिर्ता लग्न सकेको छैन । अमेरिका र तालिवानबिच शान्ति सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरिएको छ र केही कुरामा वार्ता चलिरहेको अवस्थामा अमेरिकाको सरकार परिवर्तनले के-कस्तो प्रभाव पार्छ भन्ने भोलिका दिनले नै देखाउने छ ।

"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world." 

                                 - Nelson Mandela

No matter where we go, education is one of the most crucial things these days. Education is a powerful weapon that aids an individual to face the adversities of life and overcome societal stigmas such as poverty, fear, status to achieve success. It has many advantages for people. Education helps build an individual in a better way. It develops in people a perspective of looking at life, helps them build opinions and have points of view on things in life. 

 In the context of Nepal, Education hasn't improved really well. There are children who are still deprived of education. Education might be really good in cities like Kathmandu, but it is really expensive so everyone cannot afford it. People with higher economic status will definitely make their kids study in expensive schools and colleges, but what about the ones who cannot afford it? So, the government should take some initiative about it. There are tons of government schools but the education is really poor. Because of this reason students are not getting the education they deserve. Education is the greatest weapon for the people, but it is governed by corruption. In order to improve a country, the people of that country must be educated, but here due to a lot of circumstances, they are not able to achieve it. Almost every education sector is now looking to improve their business instead of giving proper education to the students. Because of this, it might even hamper the students' careers. Nowadays, it is really difficult to adjust to society without quality education. Opportunities are grabbed by the ones who are educated and confident. To get a good career in the industry, many companies require higher education as a standard. If the price of education changes, it will affect everyone because people will be able to afford it easily. Students are the future of the country. Without quality education, the country will also get hampered. So, free education is important because it guarantees some level of education for every student in the country. This means that every student has an equal opportunity to reach this level of education at an equal level. If the education is free then most students will have access to improvise and hence increase their chances of being independent. Free education allows the student the luxury of choice in pursuing their desired career. It also promotes concentration in the classroom because students will not have to worry about getting loans to complete further education. Also, if the education is free equality will be maintained in the school. Because there are many cases where students from a rich families dominate other students. So, there are many advantages if education is free. It will definitely create a positive impact on students' life and as well as the country's future. 

Therefore, a good education is really important for everyone. But the education sector should not take advantage of it. It should not be monopolized within powerful hands. With education, many problems can be solved like poverty, illiteracy, and many more. Free education can be a big blessing to poor families. Thus, the government should try to take some initiative and provide education to everyone. 

रामसरन एउटा कुरा प्रत्येक ठाउँमा खोज्न जान्थ्याे । ऊ एउटा हरियो ढुङ्गाको खोजी गर्दै थियो । त्यो ढुङ्गा अति नै महत्त्वपूर्ण थियो । त्यो ढुङ्गामा १ देखि ७ सम्मका अङ्क हुन्थे । यी सबै ढुङ्गा मिलाएर राख्यो भने एउटा जनावरले उसको जस्तो पनि इच्छा पुरा गर्न सक्थ्यो । त्यो धेरै महत्त्वपूर्ण ढुङ्गो भएकाले ऊ त्यसकाे खोजीमा निस्कियो । 

धेरै दिनको खोजीपछि पनि उसले केही कुरा भेटेन । उसलाई रिस उठेको थियो तर उसले हार मानेन । ऊ अझै उक्त ढुङ्गाकाे खोजीमा लगिरह्याे । केही दिनपछि उसले एउटा गुफा देख्यो । उसले थाहा पाएअनुसार त्यो ढुङ्गा त्यहीँ हुनुपर्थ्यो । उसले त्यो गुफामा अनुसन्धान सुरु गर्यो । त्यो गुफा धेरै सानो थियो । त्यहाँ खोज्न अति नै गारो हुन्थ्यो तर उसको अनुभवले गर्दा उसलाई सजिलो लागेको थियो । गुफा धेरै गहिरो थियो । त्यहाँ बत्ती बाल्न पनि धेरै ठाउँ थिएन । ऊ गुफाको धेरै गहिराइमा पुग्यो अनि थाेरै प्रकाश देख्यो । ऊ हतार हतार त्यो किरणतिर लग्यो । त्यहाँ अर्को ठुलो ठाउँ थियो । धेरै वर्ष साहस गरे पनि उसले यो ठाउँको बारेमा धेरै जानकारी हासिल गर्न सकेकाे थिएन । त्यहाँ उसले जिन्दगीमा नदेखेका कुराहरू देख्यो । उसलाई डर पनि लाग्दै थियो तर नयाँ कुराकाे खोजी गरेकोमा ऊ अत्यन्त खुसी थियो । 

उसले त्यहीँ नजिक एउटा शिविर राख्यो । त्यहाँको पानी र हावा अति सफा थियो ।  उसलाई त्यो ठाउँ नयाँ संसार जस्तै लागेको थियो तर त्यो ठाउँ नजिक उसले केही भेटेन ।  उसको मुख्य उद्देश्य ती ढुङ्गाहरू खोज्नु थियो तर त्यो ठाउँ धेरै सुन्दर लागेकाले उसले ढुङ्गा खोज्ने प्रक्रिया रोक्यो र त्यो ठाउँका बारेमा खोज गर्न सुरु गर्यो । उसले कसैलाई पनि खबर गर्न सक्दैनथ्याे किनभने त्यो ठाउँमा इन्टरनेट चल्दैनथ्यो । ऊ एक्लै खोजी गर्न लाग्यो । केही समयपछि रात परिसकेको थियो र ऊ आफ्नो सामान राखेको ठाउँतिर लाग्यो र खाने कुराकाे प्रबन्ध गर्यो अनि आफ्नो डायरी लेखेर सुत्यो । 

Kobe Bryant (black mamba) was one of the professional basketball players of America. He was born on August 23, 1978 A.D. He started to play in the NBA (National Basketball Association) when he was 18. In 1996, Kobe was declared as the second-youngest player in the NBA. Kobe Bryant became 1-time MVP and he had 5 championship rings. He used to play as a shooting guard. Kobe Bryant played for Los Angeles Lakers from the starting of his career in 2016. When Kobe started to play for the Lakers, he chose his jersey number as ‘8’. Then in 2009, Kobe Bryant changed his jersey number to 24. On April 13, 2016, Kobe Bryant retired from the NBA. After the retirement of Kobe Bryant, Los Angeles declared the 24th of August as Kobe Bryant day. The reason behind it is, Kobe was born on 23rd August and the jersey number of Kobe was 8 and 24 so the council of Los Angeles declared August 24th (8-24) as a mamba day or Kobe Bryant day. Los Angeles gives a holiday on this day with a respect to the late Kobe Bryant.

On 26th January 2020, Kobe Bryant and his daughter Gianna Bryant died due to a helicopter crash in California. Kobe died when he was 41. After the death of Kobe, Orange County also declared a holiday on the 24th of August.

घमण्ड नगर, प्रिय !

तिमी भन्छौ, 

तिमी ट्याक्सीबिना हिँड्न सक्दैनौ,

त्यो सानो होटेलमा छिर्न सक्दैनौ,

कफी खान्छौ, चिया खान सक्दैनौ,

गरिबदेखि एलर्जी छ, भिडमा बस्नै सक्दैनौ ।

घमण्ड नगर, प्रिय !

तिम्रो त्यो आई फाेन पनि एक दिन पुरानो हुन्छ,

तिमीले लगाएको म्याकको लिपिस्टिकले नि बिगार गर्छ ।

नहेप ती गरिबलाई,

छि ! भनी फालेको झुसिल किरा पनि एक दिन

पुतली बनी उड्छ ।

घमण्ड नगर, प्रिय !

छि ! भनी फालेको झुसिल किरा पनि एक दिन

पुतली बनी उड्छ ।

Patan Durbar Square is located in the center of Lalitpur City. It is one of the three Durbar Squares in the Kathmandu valley, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. One of its attractions is the ancient royal palace where the Malla Kings of Lalitpur resided. Durbar Square is a marvel of Newar architecture. The Square floor is tiled with red bricks. There are many temples and idols in the area. The main temples are aligned opposite to the western face of the palace. The entrance of the temples faces east, towards the palace. There is also a bell situated in the alignment beside the main temples. The Square also holds old Newari residential houses. There are various other temples and structures in and around Patan Durbar Square built by News people.

Major Attractions

Krishna Mandir

Krishna temple is the most important temple in Patan Durbar Square. It is built in the Shikhar style imported from India although it is unique in its own way. The stone carvings along the beam above the first and second-floor pillars are most notable. The first-floor pillar carvings narrate the events of Mahabharata, while on the second floor there are visual carvings from Ramayana.

Bhimsen Temple

Bhimsen temple was built by Srinivasa Malla in 1680. It is renowned for its three interconnected golden windows. Bhimsen is a great personality in Mahabharata. He was known to be very brave and strong. In Newa tradition, he is worshipped as a god of business and trade. Tourists are not allowed inside the temple.

Vishwanath Temple

Vishwanath temple is dedicated to God Shiva. It was built in 1627 during the reign of Siddhi Narsingh Malla. The roof supports are decorated with erotic carvings similar to imagery widespread in Shiva temples in India. The temple is guarded by two stone elephants in the front entrance. On the other side of the temple is the sculpture of a bull, Shiva’s vehicle. A stone linga is enshrined inside the temple.

Taleju Bhawani Temple

Taleju Bhawani Temple was built by Siddhi Narsingh Malla in 1640 and rebuilt by Srinivasa Malla in 1667 after a fire. Taleju Bhawani was the personal deity of the Malla kings. It is a five-story temple with triple-roofs. 14th Century chronicle of Gopala kings hints a Taleju temple was built by the Pradhanas before the Mallas.

सामान्यतया १८ वर्षमुनिकाे उमेरका व्यक्तिलाई बालबालिका भन्ने गरिन्छ । बालबालिका भनेका कलिला माटा हुन्, जस्ताे आकार दियाे त्यस्तै बन्छन् भन्ने भनाइ कयाैँ पटक सुनेका यी मेरा कानहरूले र अरू उमेरकाले भन्दा बाेलेका, सुनेका र देखेका कुराहरू छिट्टै सिकाे गर्छन् भन्ने अनुभव गरेकाे याे मेराे मनले मेराे वरिपरि देखिने साँचा दृश्यहरूलाई नकार्न धेरै प्रयत्न गरिरहेका हुन्छन् ।

 बाटाे हिँड्दा नियालेर हेर्दा कलिला हातहरूले कलम समाउने ठाउँमा चुराेटकाे खिल्ली समाएकाे देख्छु । सभ्य र सत्य शब्द निस्किनुपर्ने ती मुखबाट सुन्न नसकिने शब्दहरू निस्किरहेका हुन्छन्, अनि साेच्न बाध्य हुन्छु उसकाे परिवार र समाजबारे ।

 हामीले बालबालिकासँग बसेर के हेरिरहेका छौँ, के बाेलिरहेका छौँ र के गरिरहेका छौँ भन्ने कुराले धेरै अन्तर ल्याउँछ । कृपया याद गर्नुहाेस्, कतै हामीले साना बालबालिका नै त हुन् भनेर नराम्रा शब्द त प्रयाेग गरिरहेका छैनौँ ? कतै हामीले के बुझ्छन् र यिनीहरूले भनेर कसैलाई रुष्ट व्यवहार त देखाइरहेका छैनौँ ? पारिवारिक झगडा, नराम्राे विचार, स्वार्थीपन र आफूले देखाउने व्यवहारबाट बालबालिकालाई कतै नराम्रो असर त परेकाे छैन ?

एक बालक/बालिकाबाट हामीले उसकाे परिचय मात्र हाेइन, उसकाे पारिवारिक चरित्रकाे पनि अनुमान लगाउन सक्छौँ । घरमा नराम्रो शब्दले गाली गरेर मान्छेकाे अगाडि आइस्याेस र हजुरकाे प्रयाेग गरेर के फाइदा ? आफूले खराब व्यवहार अरूलाई देखाएर तिमी असल बन्नुपर्छ बाबु भन्नुकाे के औचित्य ? अनि आफूले आदर नगरी ठुलालाई आदर सम्मान गर्नुपर्छ भन्नुकाे के मूल्य ?

 हाम्राे नेपाली समाजमा एउटा सदियाैँ पुरानाे चलन बसेकाे छ, एक घरका अभिभावक अर्काे घरका बालबच्चासँग आफ्ना नानीबाबुकाे तुलना गर्छन् । बिहान भर्खर हरि दाइ फलानाका छाेराछाेरीजस्तो गर्नुपर्छ, तैँले त केही गर्न सक्दैनस् भन्दै हुनुहुन्थ्यो तर याे त केबल एउटा उदाहरण मात्र हाे । साँच्चै भन्नुपर्दा याे सबै बालबालिकाहरूकाे कथा र व्यथा हाे । अभिभावकज्यू, सबै बालबालिका आफ्नाे हिसाबले छुट्टै र भिन्न साेचका हुन्छन् के साँच्चिकै एकअर्कामा तुलना गर्न मिल्छ त ?

 अरूकाे देखासिकी गर्ने बानीले याे समयमा पनि कतिपय बालबालिका आफूले चाहेकाे पढ्न र गर्न पाइरहेका छैनन् । खाेज्ने हाे भने अझै पाइन्छन् त्यस्ता व्यक्तिहरू जसले आफ्नाे रुचि छाडेर अभिभावककाे कर र डरले अर्काे क्षेत्र चुनेका छन् । अनि कहाँबाट हुन्छ त परिवर्तन र विकासकाे सुरुवात, जब कि त्यो क्षेत्रमा आफ्नाे रुचि नै हुँदैन ।

 यी कुराहरू तिता छन् तर नियालेर हेर्नुस्, सत्यताकाे खानी पनि यिनैभित्र लुकेको छ, तिताे सत्य जसरी ।

चिनकाे उहानबाट सुरु भएको काेराेना भाइरस अहिले विश्वभरि नै फैलिएको छ । यो भाइरसकाे कुनै पनि औषधी बनेको छैन तर विभिन्न अनुसन्धानहरू भइरहेका छन् । यसै गरी हाम्रो देश नेपालमा पनि दिन प्रतिदिन भाइरसको सङ्क्रमण बढ्दै जाँदा कति मनिसको ज्यान पनि गएको छ । नेपाल सरकारले यसको रोकथाम र नियन्त्रणका लागि लकडाउन गरेकाे थियोे तर अहिले लकडाउन नभए पनि कोराेनाको प्रभाव अझ छ । 

 कार्यालयहरू पूर्ण रूपमा सञ्चालन भए पनि विद्यालयहरू पूर्ण रूपमा सञ्चालन भएका छैनन् जसले गर्दा धेरै विद्यार्थीहरूको पढाइमा असर पुगेको छ । लकडाउनको अवस्थामा विद्यालयहरूले अनलाइन शिक्षा दिन प्रयास गर्दै थिए र छन् । नेपाल एक विकासाेन्मुख देश भएकाले विकट ठाँउहरूका विद्यार्थीहरूले इन्टरनेट र टेलिभिजनमार्फत् पनि पढ्न पाइरहेका छैनन् जसले गर्दा विद्यालय सञ्चालन गर्न सञ्चालकहरू वाध्य भएका हुन् । जसको आर्थिक स्थिति कमजोर छ, उसलाई यो अवस्थामा अझ चुनौती थपिएको छ । कति मनिस यो भइरसका कारण खान नपाएर मरेका पनि छन् । पहिले उनीहरू बिहान खाना खाएर काममा जान्थे भने अहिले प्राय: घरमै बस्नु परेको छ । घरमै बस्नुपर्ने अवस्था भएकालेे डिप्रेसनको प्रभाव बढ्दै गएको छ । वृद्ध भएका मानिसहरूलाई पनि केही परेमा अस्पताल जान समस्या परिरहेको छ । गर्भवती महिलाहरूले नियमित स्वास्थ्य जाँच गर्न जानलाई पनि सास्ती भोग्नु पर्ने भएको छ । 

 लकडाउन खुले पनि हरेक मानिसभित्र अझै पनि डर कायमै छ किनभने हालसम्म पूर्ण रूपमा कोरोनाको अन्त्य भएको छैन । कुनै कुनै देशहरूमा अझ पनि लकडाउन खोलिएको छैन, त्यसैले सबै जनाले सवधान भएर जीवन चलाउनुपर्छ ।

Sparkling stars, suspicious tasks, wish to regret;

hey shooting star, where do you go taking all the secrets?

sitting on the terrace amidst the whistling cold wind,

willing to move on but hope doesn't give a hint.

I loved and loved; stated once that some things cannot be solved.

when the lines of hands and hands calmed,

Didn't get it; I never owned you,

cause your mind had a crew.

The wind blew high, and the moon slowly witnessed cry.

The Japanese word ‘Ronin’ describes a Samurai without a Master who Wonders alone. The status of a Ronin varied across different time periods in Ancient Japan. The Ronins can generally be defined as failures or the Samurai's who had committed the act of Seppuku, Seppuku basically means Samurai’s way of committing suicide, those who refused Seppuku became Outcasts most times a Ronin. Most Ronin’s after refusing Seppuku became mercenaries and bodyguards.

One of the most Legendary Ronin is Miyamoto Musashi, He is also Japan’s greatest swordsman of all time. Musashi became a Ronin after he escaped death in the battle of Seki Gahaga when serving general Hireogi. He was also a Philosopher, Artist, and Buddhist. Growing up Miyamoto was a very Ambitious young boy, he had already mastered basic swordplay by the age of 7, In Ancient Japan when two Clans fought they’d select one champion to represent them in the battle later the Champion’s fought each other and whoever won their corresponding clan was declared Victorious, this was convenient for the clan’s as they didn’t have to risk losing a lot of Soldiers. 

Musashi also was a Champion. Musashi was known for showing up hours late to duels to cause psychological stress to the opponent. He was known for his mastery of the two-sword style (Story). He fought his first duel at the age of 13 when he saw a sign put up by the Warrior Arima Kihei alongside the Siyo river challenging any local swordsman. Musashi rose to the challenge and wrote his name in the paper. When the day Arrived 13-year-old Musashi killed Arima Kihei who thought he’d have an easy win against such an adolescent.  At the age of 17, Musashi fought the decisive battle of Seki Gahagan. This monumental battle marked the beginning of the Edo period, Musashi later became the provincial governor of Miyamoto, his birthplace. Musashi spent many years learning Buddhism and Swordsmanship. Musashi later spent his life in a very artistic way, He was into Painting, Sculpture and some history books even state that he was into Articiture. Musashi wrote the book “The Five Rings” which is considered one of the greatest books in Japanese history. In his book, he talks about his young life as a prodigy samurai, his beliefs, and talks about 21 principles of life which he thinks must be followed by everyone to obtain satisfaction called Dyokko. He died in Hugo Province around 1640 AD aged 60. There are so many things we can learn from Musashi’s life, he is undoubtedly one of the greatest people to ever step foot on Planet Earth.

*All Events mentioned in this article were taken from manga Vagabond, which is a manga based on Musashi’s life, highly recommended :)*

नेपाल बहुसांस्कृतिक देश हो । बहुसांस्कृतिक देश हुनाले यहाँ विविन्न खालका मानिसहरूको बसोबास छ । विविन्न मानिसहरू एउटै समाजमा बस्दा कहिलेकाहीँ झैझगडा हुन सक्छ । समाजमा हुने यस्ता समस्यालाई नै हामी सामाजिक समस्या भन्छौँ । आजको एक्काइसौँ शताब्दीमा सामाजिक समस्याहरू बढ्दै गइरहेका देखिन्छन् । नारीमाथि अत्याचार, हत्या र हिंसा, भेदभाव, दाइजो प्रथा,नेपाली चेलीबेटीको बेचबिखन, छुवाछुत, अन्धविश्वास आदि सबै सामाजिक समस्या हुन् । यस्तै समस्याहरूले गर्दा आजभोलि युवा मृत्युदर तीव्र गतिमा बढ्दै गएको पाइन्छ । 

ती समस्याहरूमध्ये पहिलो  भनेको अन्धविश्वास हो । यो समस्या धेरै जस्तो गाउँघरतिर पाइन्छ । गाउँमा एउटा मान्छे वा बच्चा रोगको सिकार भयो भने मानिसहरू उसलाई डाक्टरकहाँ लग्नुको सट्टा उपचारका लागि धामीझाँक्रीकहाँ लग्छन् । डाक्टरमा विश्वास गर्नुको बदलामा धामीझाँक्रीकहाँ लाने गरेकाले हरेक वर्ष गाउँमा धेरै मान्छेको मृत्यु भएको खबर सुनिन्छ । त्यसै री हिँड्दा हिँड्दै कालो बिरालोले बाटो काट्यो भने अलच्छिन लग्छ भन्ने सोच धेरै मानिसको मस्तिस्कमा छ । यस्ता नचाहिने सोचले गर्दा हाम्रो देश विकासमा पछि परेको छ । त्यसैले देश विकास गर्नु छ भने पहिले यस्तो सोच सबै मानिसको दिमागबाट निकाल्नु एकदम आवश्यक छ । 

भ्रष्टाचार पनि  एउटा सामाजिक महारोग हो । यसलाई कम नगरेसम्म जस्तोसुकै व्यवस्था आए पनि र जोसुकैको नेतृत्व भए पनि देश अगाडि बढ्न सक्दै सक्दैन । सामान्य रूपमा भ्रष्टाचार भनेको घुस लिने वा दिने काम हो । याे समाजमा भ्रष्टाचारीको कारणले राम्रो र ज्ञानी विधार्थीको भर्ना भइरहेको छैन तर मुर्खहरूको भर्ना घुस दिएर भइरहेको छ । आज नेताहरूले भ्रष्टाचार गरेको कारणले देश पछाडि पर्छ र विकास पनि भइरहेको छैन । धनी मान्छे नै अहिले अगाडि हुन्छन् र विभिन्न नराम्रा काम घुस दिएर गराउँछन् । आजको दुनियाँमा थोरै मान्छेहरू राम्रा हुन्छन् तर धेरै मान्छे भ्रष्टाचारतर्फ लागेका हुन्छन् । पैसा कमाउनका लागि भ्रष्टाचार आजकल बढ्दै  गइरहेको छ । यो हाम्रो समाजको एक जटिल समस्या हो । यसलाई काबुमा राख्नका लागि समाजले भ्रष्टाचारीलाई महत्त्वपूर्ण पाठ पढाउनुपर्छ । 

अहिले समाजमा मानिसहरू सानालाई जात तथा धर्मका नाममा भेदभाव गर्ने र हेप्ने गर्छन् । साना अर्थात्  तल्लो जतिका मानिसलाई काम पनि दिँदैनन् । उदाहरणका लागि हाम्रो पाल्पामा विभिन्न जातजातिका मानिसहरूको बसोबास छ तर अझै धेरै मानिस नराम्रो सोच लिएर बसेका छन् । उनीहरूको आफ्नो काम  बिग्रियो भने अरूमाथि दोष दिने गर्छन् र जथाभावी नचाहिने कुरामा वादविवाद गर्न थाल्छन्ख। यही कारणले समाजमा विभिन्न  समस्याहरू सिर्जना हुन्छन् । कहिले पैसा चोरेको कारणले झगडा गर्छन्, कहिले उट्पट्याङ गर्ने गर्छन् । यसै कारणले हाम्रो समाजको उन्नति भइरहेको छैन । हाम्रो समाज विभिन्न राम्रा कामका लागि चिनिन्छ तर एउटा नराम्रो कामको कारणले समाजलाई कसैले मन पराउँदैनन् । त्यसै कारणले यदि हामीले कडा नियम र कानुन बनायाैँ भने हाम्रो समाज अगाडि बढ्न सक्छ र सगरमाथा झैँ उच्च नाम कमाउन सक्छ ।  

हामी सबै देशका र समाजका सच्चा नागरिक हौँ भने यस्ता समस्यालाई मिलिजुली सुल्झाउनुपर्छ । यदि यस्तो भयो भने हाम्रो समाज पक्कै अगाडि बढ्न सक्छ र विकास पनि हुन सक्छ । सुरुमा मानिसले आफ्नो भलो मात्र नसोचेर अर्काको बारेमा पनि सोच्नुपर्छ भन्ने कुरा थाहा हुनुपर्छ । यो संसारको कुनै पनि इच्छा  र चाहनालाई एकताले पुरा गर्न सकिन्छ । यदि हामीले एकतावद्ध भएर काम  गर्याैँ भने सामाजिक समस्याको अन्त्य हुने छ र समाजको विकास हुने छ।

Plastic is one of the most common things that is used on a daily basis in our life. Plastic bags are a major cause of environmental pollution. Plastic as a substance is non-biodegradable and thus plastic bags remain in the environment for hundreds of years polluting it immensely. Plastic takes a long time to degrade so it is very harmful to the environment yet we see many of the shopkeepers using plastic bags to give things to the customers and as well as many people using it for various purposes. Plastic sticks around in the environment for ages, threatening wildlife, and spreading toxins. Plastic also contributes to global warming. 

 Studies have found that certain chemicals in the plastic can leach out of the plastic and into the food and beverages we eat. As plastic is less expensive, it is one of the most widely available and overused items in the world today. Rapid urbanization and population growth have increased the demand for cheap plastics. Since it is an affordable and durable material, it is utilized in every other way possible, from packaging materials to plastic bottles and containers, straws to plastic carry bags. And also because they’re so cheap, we don’t value them to hang on to individual items. And when thrown, it does not decompose easily and pollutes the land or air nearby when burned in the open air. The chemical bonds that make-up plastics are strong and made to last. Commercial fishing is an economic necessity for many parts of the world, and tons of people eat fish for their daily survival. However, this industry has helped contribute to the problem of plastics pollution in the oceans in several ways. The nets used for certain large-scale trolling operations are usually made of plastic. Plastic waste is also washed to shores from ships and nets used for fishing. This not only kills and harms local wildlife but also pollutes the water, marine animals get trapped in nets and/or swallow the toxic particles. Burning plastic is incredibly toxic and can lead to harmful atmospheric conditions and deadly illnesses. Therefore, if it is in a landfill, it will never stop releasing toxins in that area. Animals and marine creatures unknowingly consume plastic particles along with their food. Not only this, but plastic also has many negative effects on human life. We eat plastic-contaminated seafood. It causes air pollution, land pollution, and also it destroys the food chains. The production of plastic bags releases toxic chemicals. These are the main causes of serious illness. The polluted environment is a major reason for various diseases which are spreading easily in human beings. Plastic bags are non-biodegradable. Thus, disposing of plastics is the biggest challenge. 

So, will it be beneficial if plastics are banned? Yes, it will be. Plastic bags never degrade completely, which shows that as more of them are produced by companies, more are introduced into the environment. Therefore, the more the amount of plastic bags, the more plastic pollution, and its effects. Banning the use of plastic bags will help reduce this great effect. Plastic also emits some radiation. So, we must try to use plastics as little as we can. We can reduce the use of plastics in many ways. Like by using reusable shopping bags, give up bottled water, use natural rubber gloves, avoid using plastic straws, stop chewing gum, and many more. China banned plastic bags, and four years later, the amount of plastic bags thrown into the environment had reduced by 40 billion.  

Definitely, slowly and surely we will get rid of all the plastics in the future and make the world plastics-free. Before destroying the environment, we must think of future generations as well. We ourselves should be responsible and should stop using plastic bags and replace them with cloth bags. Every little positive change matters for a better future.