नारायणहिटी दरबार नेपालको एक सार्वजनिक सङ्ग्रहालय हो, जुन केसर महलको पूर्व र ठमेलको छेउमा अवस्थित छ । यो नेपालको एउटा संरचना थियो जहाँ राजपरिवारका अधिकृत वा राजपरिवारबाट आमन्त्रित व्यक्तिहरू बाहेक अरू कसैले प्रवेश गर्न पाउँदैन थिए । तर सन् २००८ मा शाह राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य भयो र नारायणहिटी दरबारका ढोकाहरू सन् २००९ फेब्रुअरीमा सर्वसाधारणका लागि खोलियो ।

यो अमेरिकी वास्तुकार बेन्जामिन पोल्कद्वारा निर्माण गरिएको थियो । ५२ कोठामध्ये अहिले १९ वटा मात्र सर्वसाधारणका लागि खुला छन् । ‘नारायणहिटी’ नाम दुई शब्द ‘नारायण’ र ‘हिटी’ मिलेर बनेको हो । नारायण भन्नाले हिन्दु देवता विष्णु हुन्, जसको मन्दिर दरबारको अगाडि छ र नेवार भाषामा ‘हिटी’को अर्थ ‘ढुङ्गेधारा’ हो, जुन दरबारको मुख्य प्रवेशद्वारको पूर्वमा पर्छ । शाही मुकुट रत्नहरू अक्टोबर २०१८ मा प्रदर्शनमा राखिएको थियो । शाही दरबार धेरै पूर्व राजा र रानीहरूको घर रहेको छ​ । नारायणहिटी दरबारमा ५२ वटा कोठा छन् जसलाई सदन भनिन्छ र नेपालको ७५ जिल्लाको नामबाट यसको नाम राखिएको छ । दरबारको भित्री भाग पुरानो भिक्टोरियन शैलीमा आधारित छ ।

कलाकार अमर चित्रकारद्वारा बनाइएको महेन्द्र, राजा वीरेन्द्र र शाह सम्राटहरूको जीवन आकारको चित्रहरू सिँढीहरूमा पाउन सकिन्छ​ । नारायणहिटी दरबार दशैँको समयमा सर्वसाधारणका लागि खुला गरिन्थ्याे जहाँ पूर्वराजाहरूले सरकारी अधिकारीहरू, उच्च तहका अधिकारीहरू र सर्वसाधारणलाई टिका लगाइदिन्थे ।

Chocolate, or cocoa, is a food made from roasted and ground cacao seed kernels that is available as liquid, solid, or paste, either on its own or as a flavoring agent in other foods. It was invented in 1750 BC over 5,300 years ago. It was originally made in Latin America/Mesoamerica. It was originally made as a drink but in 1847, it was made as a bar by Joseph Fry. He discovered a way to mix the ingredients of cocoa powder, sugar and cocoa to manufacture a paste with a higher percentage of cocoa butter that could then be more easily molded into a solid chocolate bar. He is generally credited for the first mass-produced bar. J. S. Fry & Sons, Ltd was the first company to create chocolate bars in 1761. This company was owned by Joseph Storrs Fry and his family. The business had to go through several changes of name and ownership which began in Bristol in 1761. They became J. S. Fry & Sons in 1822. In 1847, Fry produced the first solid chocolate bar. After a couple of years, a new company came to the business called Cadbury in 1905. It launched its first chocolate bar called Dairy Milk which we know today. This company was created by George's son, George Cadbury Jr (along with his research and development team). It was the first time a British company had been able to mass-produce milk chocolate. Over the years, different types of chocolate have been produced where there are three main chocolate types; white chocolate, milk chocolate, and dark chocolate. However, the first type of chocolate was a chocolate called Mayan chocolate which was a revered brew made of roasted and ground cacao seeds mixed with chilies, water, and cornmeal. Overall, chocolate has been mixed with different types of food too; with cake, pastries, and drinks too.

स्वतन्त्र उममेरदार हृर्क साम्पाङले लाैराे चुनाव चिन्ह लिएर पैसा खर्च नगरी चुनाव जित्नुभएकाे थियाे । उहाँले वर्षाैँदेखि खानेपानीकाे समस्या रहेकाे धरानमा पिउने पानीकाे व्यवस्था गर्नुभएकाे थियाे । हर्क साम्पाङ विजयी हुनु भएर धरानकाे मेयर हुनुभयाे । सबैसँग श्रमदानकाे आह्वान गरेर धरानमा खानेपानीकाे समस्या हल गर्नुभयाे । हरेक शनिबार उहाँ आफैँ श्रमदानमा खटिनुभयाे । खानेपानीबाहेक नगर सुधारका कार्यहरू पनि उहाँले धरै गर्नुभएकाे छ । उहाँ सच्चा नेपाली नेता हुनुहुन्छ । उहाँ भ्रष्टाचार विराेधी, सम्पदाकाे संरक्षण र आधारभूत आवश्यकताका लागि सधैँ अग्रसर हुनुहुन्छ । उहाँ जस्तै जनताका लागि काम गर्ने अरू नेता भएमा हाम्राे देशकाे विकास हुन कति समय पनि लाग्दैन ।     

There are different stages in our life. One of these stages is student life.  This stage generally starts from three years and lasts for a few years. Student life is one of the memorable phases of a person’s life. It is the foundation of our life. In student life, we do not just learn from books. We learn to grow physically as well as socially in this life. The student life is a life of preparation. Students don’t just learn from teachers; friends are a big part of the fun. The main duty of a student is to study. A student has to work hard in this stage. Our success in life depends upon our education. If we receive a good education, we will become successful. If we cannot receive a good education, we will be unsuccessful. So, students should devote themselves to study. Student life is very enjoyable as well. The struggle is less in student life. We must get up early in the morning to get ready for school.  In addition, we sometimes forget to complete our homework and sometimes we get punishment from teachers. Even waiting for the exam result with friends becomes fun. Going to picnics and trips with friends is also enjoyable. Besides education, a student must have good health. If our health is not good, we cannot study well and cannot be successful in life. Many students do not realize the importance of education. They waste their time in unfruitful activities. They don't pay attention to their studies and spoil their future career. This is not good. They will have to suffer in future. So, everyone should utilize their student life properly to make their lives better.

खेलकुद मानिसको जीवनमा धेरै महत्त्वपूर्ण छ । यो केवल मनोरञ्जनको साधन मात्र नभई स्वास्थ्य र मानसिक विकासका लागि पनि आवश्यक छ । बाहिरी खेलकुद भनेको खुला ठाउँमा खेलिने खेलहरू हुन्, जसले हामीलाई शारीरिक र मानसिक रूपमा स्वस्थ राख्न मद्दत गर्दछ ।

बाहिरी खेलकुदको महत्त्व बुझ्नका लागि हामी यसको विभिन्न पक्षहरू हेर्न सक्छौँ । बाहिरी खेलकुद खेल्दा शरीरको व्यायाम हुन्छ, जसले हामीलाई स्वस्थ राख्न मद्दत गर्छ । दौडधुप, कुदाकुद, उफ्रीउफ्री खेल्ने खेलहरूले गर्दा हाम्रो श्वासप्रश्वास र मुटुको कार्यमा सुधार हुन्छ । पसिना निस्कँदा शरीरका विषाक्त पदार्थ बाहिर निस्कन्छन् । यसले तौललाई नियन्त्रणमा राख्छ र मोटोपनाबाट जोगाउँछ । खेलकुदले मानसिक स्वास्थ्य पनि राम्रो हुन्छ । यसले तनाव घटाउँछ र आत्मविश्वास बढाउँछ । टोलीमा काम गर्दा सहकार्यको भावना विकसित हुन्छ । खेलकुदले सोच्ने र योजना बनाउने क्षमतामा पनि सुधार ल्याउँछ । बाहिरी खेलकुदले समाजिक विकास पनि हुन्छ । यसले नयाँ साथी बनाउन मद्दत गर्छ र सम्बन्ध बलियो बनाउँछ । समूहमा खेल्दा सहकार्य र सहनशीलताको भावना बढ्छ । खेलकुदले अनुशासनको महत्त्व पनि सिकाउँछ । नेपालमा फुटबल, क्रिकेट, भलिबल, क्याटरम र ब्याडमिन्टन जस्ता खेलहरू धेरै लोकप्रिय छन् । यी खेलहरू विद्यालय र कलेजमा खेलाइन्छन् । यस्ता खेलहरूले विद्यार्थीहरूलाई सक्रिय राख्छन् र उनीहरूको सर्वाङ्गीण विकासमा मद्दत गर्छन् ।

बाहिरी खेलकुदको महत्त्वलाई नजरअन्दाज गर्न सकिँदैन । स्वस्थ जीवनयापनको लागि बाहिरी खेलकुद खेल्न आवश्यक छ । यसले शारीरिक, मानसिक र सामाजिक विकासमा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान पुर्‍याउँछ । खेलकुदलाई दैनिक जीवनको हिस्सा बनाउनुपर्छ ताकि हामी स्वस्थ, तन्दुरुस्त र सकारात्मक जीवनयापन गर्न सकौँ । खेलकुदको महत्त्व बुझेर सबैले यसलाई आफ्नो जीवनशैलीमा समावेश गर्नुपर्छ।

मेराे विचारमा अनुशासन भनेकाे गर्न हुने कुरा गर्नु र गर्न नहुने कुरा नगर्नु नै अनुशासन हाे  । कर्मचारीहरू समयमै कार्यालय पुग्नु, विद्यार्थीहरूले समयमै आफ्नाे काम गर्नु, शिक्षक शिक्षिकाले भनेकाे मान्नु आदि कुराहरू अनुशासनमै पर्दछन् ।अनुशासन भएन भने सन्तुलन बिग्रन्छ र समस्याकाे जन्म हुन्छ । अनुशासनले नै मानिसकाे प्रगति हुन्छ । प्राकृतिक अनुशासन भङ्ग भयाे भने भूकम्प, बाढी, पहिराे जस्ता प्राकृतिक विपत्तिहरूआउँछन् । हामीले पनि अनुशासन पालना गरेनाैँ भने विभिन्न समस्याहरूआउँछन् त्यसैले हामीले अनुशासनकाे पालना गर्नुपर्छ । अनुशासन भएकाे ठाउँमा सधेँ समृद्धि हुन्छ । अनुशासन चार प्रकारका हुन्छन् ती हुन् प्राकृतिक अनुशासन, आधिकारिक अनुशासन, व्यक्तिगत अनुशासन र सामाजिक अनुशासन । अनुशासनभित्र मेलमिलाप, शान्ति, संयम र धैर्यता जस्ता कुराहरू पर्दछन् । अनुशासनले नै हामी सामाजिक प्राणी बन्न सक्छाैँ ।

परिचय:

‘फेक आइ डी’ नामक कथासङ्ग्रह नेपाली साहित्यमा एक महत्त्वपूर्ण कृति हो । यो कथासङ्ग्रहमा लेखकका दशवटा उत्कृष्ट कथाहरू समावेश छन् । ‘फेक आइ डी कथासङ्ग्रहमा साहित्यिक र विचारात्मक दृष्टिकोणबाट समृद्ध कथाहरू समावेश गरिएका छन् । यस कथासङ्ग्रहमा लेखकले आफ्नो विविध अनुभव र विचारहरूलाई अद्वितीय रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरेकी छन् । कथासङ्ग्रहले समाजमा उत्पन्न भएका विभिन्न पक्षहरूकाे समस्या र समस्याहरूकाे  समाधान गराउँछ ।

यस कथासङ्ग्रहमा प्रस्तुत गरिएका कथाहरूले वास्तविकतामा आधारित र समृद्धतापूर्ण जीवनका पहलुहरूलाई अत्यन्त सरल ढङ्गले बुझाउँछ । यसले पाठकहरूलाई नेपाली समाज र संस्कृतिको अनेक आयामहरूसँग परिचित गराउँछ । सार्वजनिक रूपमा, ‘फेक आइ डी’ कथासङ्ग्रहले नेपाली साहित्यमा एक अद्वितीय स्थान राख्छ र यो पुस्तक नेपाली साहित्यप्रेमीहरूका लागि अत्यन्त श्रेष्ठ विकल्प हुन सक्छ ।

छोटो सारांशः

"फेक आइ डी" कथासङ्ग्रह नेपाली साहित्यको एक उत्कृष्ट पुस्तक हो । यस कथासङ्ग्रहमा मन्जु ज्ञवालीका उत्कृष्ट कथाहरू समावेश गरिएका छन् । यस पुस्तकले नेपाली समाज र जीवनको विविध पक्षहरूलाई उजागर गराउँछ । लेखकले समृद्ध चरित्रहरू र समाजिक सङ्घर्षको अभिव्यक्ति प्रस्तुत गरेकी छन् । ‘फेक आइ डी’ एक श्रेष्ठ कथासङ्ग्रह  हो, जाे नेपाली साहित्यप्रेमीहरूलाई अत्यन्त आकर्षित गर्न सक्छ ।

आलोचनात्मक विश्लेषणः

‘फेक आइ डी’ कथासङ्ग्रहलाई आलोचनात्मक दृष्टिकोणबाट विश्लेषण गर्दा, यसले नेपाली साहित्यमा एक अलग दिशात्मक परिप्रेक्ष्य प्रस्तुत गर्दछ । यस पुस्तकमा समाजको विभिन्न पहलुहरू, समस्याहरू र सङ्घर्षको सत्यता समावेश गरिएको छ । प्रत्येक कथामा लेखकले अत्यन्त विविध चरित्रहरू र उनीहरूको अनुभव व्यक्त गरेका छन् । यसले पाठकलाई नेपाली समाज र संस्कृतिको विविधतामा ल्याउँछ । ‘फेक आइ डी’ का लेखकले नेपाली साहित्यलाई नयाँ दिशा दिने उदाहरण यस कथामा प्रस्तुत गरेकी छन् । उनले समाजको वास्तविक समस्याहरू, विविधता र समृद्ध विचारधारालाई उजागर गर्ने प्रयास गरेकी छन् । सार्वजनिक रूपमा, ‘फेक आइ डी’ कथासङ्ग्रह नेपाली साहित्यको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण कृति हो, जसले समृद्धतापूर्ण कथाहरू र समाजको विभिन्न पहलुहरूको परिचय गराउँछ ।

सिफारिस:

‘फेक आइ डी’ कथासङ्ग्रहलाई सिफारिस गर्दा, यसले नेपाली साहित्यमा एक नयाँ आवाज ल्याउँछ । यसले समाजको विभिन्न पहलुहरूलाई परिचित गराउँछ । यस कथासङग्रहमा लेखकले आफ्नो अद्वितीय कथाहरू र सामाजिक सङ्घर्षको अभिव्यक्ति प्रस्तुत गरेकी छन् । ‘फेक आइ डी’ कथासङ्ग्रहले नेपाली समाजको विभिन्न विचारधारालाई प्रस्तुत गर्दछ र पाठकहरूलाई गाढा भावनात्मक अनुभव प्रदान गर्दछ । लेखकले विभिन्न सामाजिक, राजनीतिक र व्यक्तिगत मुद्दाहरूलाई छुट्कारा गर्ने प्रयास गरेकी छन् । यदि तपाईंले समृद्ध कथाहरू र साहित्यको विविधतालाई आनन्द लिन चाहानुहुन्छ भने, ‘फेक आइ डी’ निश्चित रूपमा एउटा सिफारिस गर्ने पुस्तक हो ।

Football is an international game which is played by almost all the countries. The main event of football is the World Cup. In the World Cup, there are usually 36 teams. Each of the teams are divided into 9 groups. The next World Cup is going to be held in Mexico, Canada and the USA. There are many rules that have to be followed during a football match. There are many skills in this game, like: passing, shooting, controlling, trevalla, rabona, rainbow flip etc. In football, there are many leagues. They are the English Premier League, La Liga, League 1, Serie A, Eredivisie, Serie A (Serie of Brazil), Premiere Liga. There are many awards like Ballon Do'r, Golden Boot, etc. In a football team, there are eleven players, out of which is a goalkeeper who saves the ball shot by the opponent.

मेराे देश नेपाल प्रकृतिले भरिपूर्ण देश हाे । यहाँ धरै हिमाल, पहाड, नदीनाला र वनजङ्गल छन् । विश्वकाे अग्लाे शिखर सगरमाथा हाम्रै देशमा छ । विश्वका अग्ला दश ओटा हिमालहरूमध्ये नेपालमा आठओटा हिमाल छन् । नेपाल जलस्राेतकाे पनि धनी देश हाे । नेपाल पूर्वमा मेचीदेखि पश्चिममा महाकालीसम्म फैलिएकाे छ । उत्तरमा हिमाली क्षेत्र छ भने दक्षिणमा तराई क्षेत्र पर्दछ । हिमाली क्षेत्रमा अलि चिसाे हुन्छ भने तराई क्षेत्रमा अलि गर्मी हुन्छ । पहाडी क्षेत्रमा भने माैसम ठिक्ककाे हुन्छ । पहिले नेपालमा १४ अञ्चल ७५ जिल्ला थियाे अहिले नेपाल ७ ओटा प्रदेशमा बाँडिएकाे छ ।

The Dashain holiday last year was the best ten days of my life as my parents had to go out for work for nine nights and ten days. It was a bit sad because we couldn’t celebrate Dashain, but for the 10 days, we mostly spent time playing games on mobile phones. My parents were tour guides and a group of 30 Japanese tourists had come to Nepal to visit many places. I also wanted to go with them, but there were too many people, so I couldn’t go. I was left at home with my 65-year-old paternal aunt and my sister. My sister didn’t agree to stop using mobile phones, but eventually she agreed. After agreeing to stop using mobile phones, we decided to cook, clean the house, and solve crossword and Sudoku puzzles, trying to engage ourselves in some productive activities. Then, I rested and went out to eat in various places. Sometimes we went to Happy Land, sometimes we ate at fancy restaurants. The most beautiful place I visited was Godavari. I slept for two hours there and then played football for some time. Everything was going well until my father called me around 2:00 at night to tell me he would return in a few days, which meant all the fun was over. So, when he didn’t return home, it felt like we hadn’t had fun at all. On the ninth day, I thought to myself that all my fun had ended, and now I had to stop wasting time. So, I decided to use my time for studies, because my second-term exams were getting closer every day. Therefore, on the tenth day, I woke up early in the morning, collected my notes, and reviewed all the things I had learned so far. I also prepared my books and assignments for the next day’s class. When my parents returned home, they were surprised to see that my room was clean and tidy, and they praised me for studying. Overall, my Dashain vacation went very well, and it was the best ten days of my life.

नेपाल दक्षिण एसियाको एउटा उत्कृष्ट रत्न हो, जो हृदयलाई चाेर्ने सुन्दरताको भूमि र समृद्ध, मनमोहक परम्पराहरूले भरिएको छ। चीन र भारतको बीचमा आरामले बसेको यो रमाइलो देशमा विश्वका दस अग्ला शिखरहरूमध्ये आठवटा छन्, जसमा पौराणिक सगरमाथा (माउन्ट एभरेस्ट) पनिपर्दछ। हरियो तराईका मैदानहरू विस्तारै-विस्तारै विशाल हिमालयतिर जाने कल्पना गर्छन् । नेपालको प्रत्येक इञ्च
सपनाको दृश्य हो। यस अद्भुत देशमा हिन्दु र बौद्ध संस्कृतिहरू सुन्दर रूपमा मिसिएका छन् । शान्त स्वयम्भूनाथ र भव्य बौद्धनाथजस्ता मन्दिर र स्तूपहरूको मनमोहक चित्रणले प्रत्येक नेपाली खुसी हुन्छ । राजधानी सहर काठमाडौँ, परीकथा जस्तो लाग्छ । प्राचीन आकर्षणले भरिएको र जीवन्त, आनन्दमय पर्वहरूले सडकहरूलाई रङ्ग र जीवनले रङ्ग्याउने गर्दछ।

नेपालका मानिसहरू, आफ्नो न्यानो मुस्कान र खुला मनले, प्रत्येक आगन्तुकलाई दोस्रो घर फेला पारेको जस्तो महसुस गराउँछन्। हावामा साहसिक र शान्तिको सुगन्ध छ । परिदृश्यहरू प्रकृतिको उत्तम ब्रसले चित्रित छन्, र परम्पराहरू प्रेम र इतिहासले बुनेका छन्। नेपाल केवल एक ठाउँ मात्र होइन । यो एक भावना हो, एक मिठो स्वर हो, जुन तपाईँले छोडेपछि पनि तपाईँको हृदयमा रहिरहन्छ।

Pollution is increasing day by day, especially in Nepal and India. Pollution can destroy nature, pollute the environment, and take the lives of thousands of people in the mentioned countries. But not only these countries are polluted; many more countries have polluted land surrounded by overpopulation. 

In Nepal, many people migrate from villages to Kathmandu for school or better jobs. When lots of people move to cities, they need more houses, cars, and power. So, more buildings get made, more cars drive around, and more energy gets used. All this can make the air and water dirtier and make more garbage. So, moving to cities can make pollution worse.

That's why the government needs to make sure everyone in Nepal has what they need, like schools and services, no matter where they live. Everyone should be able to go to school and get help wherever they are in Nepal.

Water pollution is also very common, and the government should not let it happen. People are connecting their sewage pipes to rivers, which makes the rivers look and smell bad. 

We should ensure that we are not involved in such environmentally unfriendly activities and prevent them from continuing. Not only the government is responsible for this; we citizens should also try our best to prevent these types of activities.