सन् २०१९ सालको डिसेम्बर महिनादेखि चीनको वुहान नामक ठाउँबाट कोरोना रोगको महामारीको सुरु भएको थियो र यसको असर पुरा विश्वभर भयो । यो महामारीले पुरै संसारमा चलिरहेको काम, शिक्षा र अरू धन्दामाथि रोक लगायो र सबैलाई घरमै बस्न बाध्य बनायो । यसले धेरै कुराहरूमा परिवर्तन गर्यो । संसारभर घरबाट काम गर्ने चलन सुरु भयो । शिक्षाका लागि घरबाटै विद्युतीय माध्यमबाट शिक्षा प्रदान गरिने काम सुरु भयो । नेपालका विद्यार्थीहरू यस अनलाइन वा विद्युतीय शिक्षामा त्यति अभ्यस्त थिएनन् तर पनि समय बित्दै जाँदा अहिले यी सबै कुराहरू साधारण भए । 

अहिले लगभग ९ महिनापछि कतिपय ठाउँमा विद्यालयको पुन: सुरुवात भयो । यो वास्तवमा एउटा राम्रो कुरो हाे तर यसमा केही चुनौतीहरू छन् । भर्खरै अनलाइन शिक्षाको माध्यमबाट शिक्षा लिँदै आएका विद्यार्थीले पुन: विद्यालय आएर पढ्नु पर्ने, यो एउटा चुनौतीको विषय भयो । कतिपय विद्यार्थीले विद्यालयको वातावरण नै बिर्सेका हुन्छन् । अल्छी मानी मानी विद्यालय आउनुपर्ने व्यवहार हामीले देख्न सक्छौँ । त्यसैले अहिले विद्यार्थीहरूलाई याे वातावरण र साथसाथै पुरानै भए पनि नयाँ कुराको अनुभव गर्न केही समयको आवश्यकता रहन्छ तर चुनौतीसँगै एउटा कुराको अवसर पनि देख्न सकिन्छ । यदि फेरि यस्तै महामारी वा अन्य कुनै कारणले विद्यालय बन्द भयो भने पुन: अनलाइन शिक्षाको वातावरणमा विद्यार्थीहरू आरामले बस्न सक्छन् । पुरानै वातावरणमा फेरि पढ्न पाउनुलाई पनि एउटा अवसरको रूपमा लिन सकिन्छ । अझ अब उनीहरू आफ्नो वातावारणप्रति सचेत रहन्छन् । यो एउटा नयाँ सुरुवात जस्तै हो । 

शिक्षाको कुनै अन्त्य हुँदैन, विद्यार्थीले जुनै पनि वातावरणमा शिक्षा आर्जन गर्न सक्छन् । त्यसैले अब हामी महामारीको कुरा छोडी भविष्य कसरी उज्यालो बनाउन सकिन्छ, त्यसमाथि ध्यान दिएर अघि बढ्नुपर्छ ।

When I hear the name of the game called Chess, the first word that comes to my mind is ‘intense’. Chess is a complex game with a lot of rules, tactics, strategy, opening, ending, and a lot more. It is said to be first played in the 6th century in India. The rules were different back then and it evolved as what it is now.

Chess consists of six different pieces currently known as King, Queen, Knight, Rook, Bishop, and Pawn. In a game of chess, a person will have control of 16 pieces which includes 8 pawns, 2 knights, two bishops, two rooks, and one king and a queen. The main objective of the game is to trap the opponent king where it has no possible squares to move which is also globally known as checkmate. That makes the king the most important piece on the chessboard. King might be the most important but Queen is the most strongest piece on the board. Many people who analyze chess have given each piece a value. The king is said to have a value of infinite cause you must protect it at any cause, the pawn is said to have a value of one, rook to have a value of five, queen to have a value of 9, and knight and bishop to have a value of 3, but there is an ongoing debate about bishop being more valuable than the knight. There are also ways you can tie a match like doing a stalemate which means the opponent having no legal moves, repetition which means a position has been repeated thrice, and many more.

Chess is an intense game that involves a lot of fun when you know and learns it well. If you haven't tried the game of chess to this date, I recommend you to do so.

कलाकार - कमलमणि दिक्षित 

                बिक्की साह

                दिलिप रायमाझी

                सुवर्ण श्रेष्ठ

               अनिता सिलवाल

विधा    -    जीवनी

निर्देशक -  यादव खरेल

सारांशः 

चलचित्र ‘आदिकवि भानुभक्त’ आदिकवि भानुभक्त आचार्यको जीवनीमा आधारित छ, जसमा नेपाली नायक दिलिप रायमाझीले उत्कृष्टसँग भानुभक्त आचार्यको भूमिका निर्वाह गरेका छन् । यो चलचित्रमा आदिकवि भानुभक्तले विद्या आर्जन गरेदेखि मरणसम्मको घटनालाई देखाइएको छ । भानुभक्तले कसरी घाँसीबाट प्रेरणा लिएर राष्ट्रप्रेमको भावना लिई समाजलाई मद्दत हुने हिसाबले साहित्यको सिर्जना गरी नेपाली भाषामा ‘रामायण’ र अन्य कृतिहरू पनि रचना गरे भन्ने कुरा यसमा देखाइएकाे छ ।

पुनरावलोकनः

चलचित्रको सुरुवातमा कविलाई आफ्ना हजुरबाले आफ्नो तनहुँको घरमा अक्षराम्भ गराएका थिए । भानुभक्तका बुवा धनन्जय आचार्य एक सरकारी अधिकारी थिए । वि. सं. १८१४ सालमा उनले गरेको भविष्यवाणी साँचो भएर आएको कुराले पाल्पा गौँडाका राजा निकै खुसी थिए । भानुभक्तलाई आफ्ना बाबुबाजेले मार्कण्डेय पुराणको रचनाका बारेमा जानकारी गराए । त्यसपछि उनलाई पृथ्वीलाई संस्कृत भाषामा ३३ वटा नामले जनाउन सकिन्छ भन्ने कुरा पनि सिकाए । भानुभक्त दैनिक सरस्वती माताको आराधना गर्थे र सरस्वती माता आफैँ आएर उनलाई आशीर्वाद पनि दिइन् । उनी आफ्ना साथीहरूसँग मिल्थे र आफ्ना साथीहरूले दिएका चुनौतीहरूकाे सामना पनि गर्थे । उनका एक साथी चिबेले उनलाई गाईको नामलाई श्लोक हाल्ने चुनौती दिए । उनले त्यो  चुनौती सजिलैसँग पुरा गरे । उनले गणेश चतुर्थीमा गणेशलाई चढाउने फूलहरूको श्लोक हालेर आफ्ना हजुरबालाई सुनाए, जसले उनका हजुरबा धेरै नै प्रसन्न भएर भानुभक्तलाई कविता लेख्न कहिल्यै नछोड्नू भन्ने ज्ञान दिए । त्यसपछि उनको व्रतबन्ध पनि भयो र उनलाई ज्योतिष विद्या पढाउन भनेर काशी पठाइयो । उनको सानै उमेरमा मनुङ्ग गाउँकी केटीसँग विवाह भयो ।

समय बित्दै गयो र हजुरबाले भानुभक्तलाई अझ विद्या पढाउन बनारस लैजाने योजना बनाए । त्यहाँ उनी दिउँसो दिउँसो पाठशाला जाने र साझा बिहान विद्वानहरूसँग अझ अरू नयाँ नयाँ ज्ञानहरू लिने गर्थे र आफ्ना हजुरबाको हेरचाह गर्थे । बनारसमै रहँदा उनका हजुरबाको निधन भयो, जसले उनी निकै दुखी भए तर पनि उनी पुरा पढाइ नसकी गाउँ नफर्कने निर्णय गरे । बनारसबाट फर्केर उनले एउटा सप्ताहमा पुराण पनि पढे l सप्ताहको सातौँ दिन भानुभक्तले बालुन नाची रामायणको श्लोक पनि गाए ।

अझै समय बित्दै गयो र  भानुभक्तको भेट एउटा घाँसीसँग भयो । त्यहाँ उनको र घाँसीको धेरै कुरा भयो ।  भानुभक्तले घाँसीलाई एउटा प्रश्न गरे, “तिमीले कमाएको धन केमा लगायौ ?” र घाँसीले भन्यो, “मैले गाउँमा एउटा कुवा खनेँ, ताकि बाटामा हिँडेका मान्छेले गर्मीमा त्यहाँबाट पानी खान सकून् ।” भानुभक्तले यो उत्तर सुनेपछि उनी प्रेरित भए । उनले अनि सोचे, यो दरिद्र घाँसीले समाजका लागि कुवा बनाएर नाम कमायो तर म यति धनी भएर पनि समाजका लागि केही गरेको छैन, धिक्कार छ मलाई ! उनले त्यसपछि रामायण नेपालीमा लेख्ने कामकाे सुरुवात गरे । 

उनले आफ्ना हजुरबाको शब्द याद गरेर अन्य कृति संस्कृतबाट नेपलीमा अनुवाद गरे । उनले त्यसपछि रम्घामै बसेर रामायणको बालकाण्ड नेपाली भाषामा पूर्ण गरे । उनी गजाधर सोतीको घरमा एक रात बास बस्न जाँदा गजाधरकी स्वास्नीले उनलाई धपाइन् । चलचित्र अघि जाँदै गर्दा उनलाई आफ्ना बाबुको समयमै अड्डाको कामकाजको लागि लिएको पैसो समयमा नतिरेर कारागारमा थुनियो । उनी कारागारमै रहँदा उनले अध्यात्म्य रामायणलाई नेपाली भाषामा लेख्न सुरु गरे । उनले कारागारमै रहँदा अयोध्याकाण्ड, अरण्यकाण्ड, सुन्दरकाण्ड लेखेर सिध्याए । उनले पछि आफ्नो ८ वर्षीय छोराको व्रतबन्धका लागि कारागारबाट छुटेर गरे र उनलाई त्यसपछि बिसन्चो भयो । उनले रम्घामै भक्तमालाको पनि नेपाली भाषामै रचना गरे । उनले यसै गरी युद्धकाण्ड पनि सके । उनी फेरि गजाधरको घरमा वास बस्दा सासु बुहारीको झगडा देखे । त्यसपछि उनले वधुशिक्षा पनि रचना गरे । त्यसपछि उनलाई कलज्वरोले सतायो र त्यो दिन प्रतिदिन बिग्रिँदै गयो ।  उनको अन्तिम कृति ‘गीता’ उनका छोराले पुरा गरे । त्यसपछि उनलाई सतीघाट लगियो र उनले आफ्नो अन्तिम सास लिए । 

यो चलचित्र आदिकवि भानुभक्त आचार्यको जीवनीमा आधारित छ, त्यसैले अवश्य पनि हामीले यसबाट धेरै प्रेरणा लिन सक्छौँ । त्यसैले यो चलचित्र सबैले एक चोटि हेर्नैपर्छ ।

Looking back to my school days, it doesn't seem a year ago but a day ago since I left my school. Life constantly reminds me that you have less time so try to make it worth it while you're still breathing. There’s no doubt that I feel grateful for witnessing the sunshine every single day, the only thing that disturbs me is not making that day worth it. This has been a challenge to me, to try new things, learn new things and make my day plus my life worthy and I hope to make it my priority to be productive and make the most out of life. It’s not just about me but it’s about all of us, the social constructions we developed like embarrassment, judgments, and negative criticism is stopping us. Taking these things and working on your interest is a challenge- a worth it challenge. It doesn't matter whether you succeed or not. The only thing that matters is that at the end of the day, you tried. Challenges make our life interesting and I hope to face more and more challenges every day. Taking life positively is the key to a happy life but it's a challenge for us to take life positively.

स्पिड चेस च्याम्पियनसिप २०२० एक १६ खेलाडीबिचकाे चेस प्रतियोगिता हो जुन नोभेम्बर १ देखि डिसेम्बर १२, २०२० सम्म आयोजित भयो । यसकाे फाइनल डिसेम्बर १२ मा भएको थियो । आठ खेलाडीहरूलाई सिधा टुर्नामेन्टमा आमन्त्रित गरिएको थियो जब कि अन्य आठलाई नकआउट योग्यता प्रणालीद्वारा चयन गरिएको थियो ।

एक खेल पूर्ण रूपमा ३ घण्टाको थियो । त्यो तीन घण्टामा अन्य ५ मिनेटदेखि १ मिनेटसम्मको खेल भएको थियो । सबै खेलमा धेरै मात्रामा जित्ने खेलडीलाई विजेता मानिन्छ । फाइनल ग्रान्डमास्टर हिकारु नाकामुरा र ग्रान्डमास्टर म्याक्सिम भ्याचियर-लग्राभबिच गरिएको थियो । ग्रान्डमास्टर नाकामुराले ग्रान्डमास्टर म्याक्सिमलाई हराएर स्पिड चेस च्याम्पियनसिप २०२० जिते । हालको विश्व चेस च्याम्पियन ग्रान्डमास्टर म्याग्नस कार्लसेनलाई सेमिफाइनलमा ग्रान्डमास्टर म्याक्सिमले पराजित गरे । त्यसै गरी ग्रान्डमास्टर नाकामुराले ग्रान्डमास्टर वेस्लेविरुद्ध सेमिफाइनल जितेर फाइनलमा पुगे । दुवै सेमिफानल्स् खेलहरू रमाइला थिए । ती दुवै खेलहरू खेलडीहरूका लागि जित हारबाट नजिक थिए ।  

मैले चाहिँ सेमिफानल्स्का दुवै खेलहरू एकदमै रमाइला पाएँ । फानल्स्मा दुवै खेलाडीहरूले राम्रो प्रदर्शन देखाए । ती सबै खेल मनोरञ्जनपूर्ण थिए । मैले चाहिँ ग्रान्डमास्टर कारल्सोन र ग्रान्डमास्टर हिकरुबिचमा फाइनल खेल हुने अपेक्षा गरेको थिएँ ।

PRISM is a surveillance program run by the United States National Security Agency [NSA] which works to collect internet communications data. The data is acquired through the servers of internet companies such as Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, Apple, etc.  PRISM collects stored internet communications based on demands made to internet companies under Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act of 2008 to turn over any data that match court-approved search terms.[ Wikipedia (2018). PRISM(surveillance program)] . The U.S government says that the main goal of  PRISM  is to protect America from threats possessed by terrorists or state actors that are being perpetrated using the internet. 

PRISM  is said to be one of the leading tools in intelligence gathering done by the NSA and other intelligence agencies in America. Over 90% of the internet data collected by the NSA is said to be under PRISM. The PRISM program began in 2007, approved by Congress during the Bush administration. The surveillance program continued under the Obama administration and was used to its full extent to collect information. The existence of PRISM was leaked in 2013 by Edward Snowden who worked in the surveillance program to collect internet data. The leaks were published by major news sources like The Washington Post and The Guardian. The leaks were a  major setback to the U.S intelligence community. Microsoft was the first to be part of the PRISM program. It was followed by Yahoo in 2008; Google, Facebook, and PalTalk in 2009; YouTube in 2010; Skype and AOL in 2011; and finally Apple, which joined the program in 2012.[ Ball, James & Rushe Dominic (2013). The Guardian ( NSA Prism program taps in to user data of Apple, Google, and others) ].  The data is collected in the form of emails, videos, voice-chats, VoIP, chats, etc. The NSA collects this information by accessing directly into the servers of the internet companies which comply to provide information and which are part of the PRISM program. 

बेलायतले भारतलाई सफलतापूर्वक नियन्त्रण गरेपछि ऊ अफगानिस्तानमाथि  नियन्त्रण गर्न चाहन्थ्यो । बेलायत र अफगानिस्तानबिच २ ओटा एङ्ग्लाे युद्ध भए तर बेलायतले पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध समाप्त भएपछि अफगानिस्तान छाड्यो । अफगानिस्तानमा राजतन्त्र सुरु भयो ।  जाहिर शाहले सन् १९७३ सम्म ४० वर्ष लामो शासन गरे । मोहम्मद दाउद खान (जाहेर शाहका भाइ) ले सरकार पल्टाए र पिडिपिए (पिपुल्स डेमोक्र्याटिक पार्टी अफ अफगानिस्तान) को समर्थनमा आफ्नो शासन सुरु गरे ।

पिडिपिएले सकारात्मक परिवर्तन ल्याउन कोसिस गर्‍यो तर अफगानिस्तानका जनताले त्यो मन पराएनन् । सोभियत सङ्घले पिडिपिएलाई समर्थन गर्‍यो जसले गर्दा अफगान-सोभियत युद्ध सुरु भयो । अमेरिकाले अफगानिस्तानी मानिसहरूलाई सहयोग गर्न थाल्यो ।  उनीहरूले आर्थिक रकम र सैन्य कोष प्रदान गर्न थाले । अमेरिकाले  करिब १ लाख मुझाहिदिन्सहरूलाई प्रशिक्षण दियो । अमेरिकाले पाकिस्तानमार्फत् हतियार अफगानिस्तानमा पठाउन थाल्यो । अमेरिकी सरकारले १९७९ देखि १९८९ सम्ममा २० बिलियन डलर अफगानिस्तानमा खर्च गर्यो । सोभियत सङ्घले हराउन नसक्ने भएपछि १९८९ मा फिर्ता गयो र सोभियत-अफगान युद्ध समाप्त भयो । 

जब सोभियत सङ्घ अफगानिस्तानबाट फर्कियो, अमेरिकाले मुझाहिदिन्सहरूलाई सहयोग गर्न बन्द गर्यो । त्यसपछि मुझाहिदिन्सहरू अमेरिकाविरूद्ध जान थाले । मुझाहिदिन्सहरूसँग हतियार तथा पैसाको केही कमी थिएन । उनीहरूले गृहयुद्ध प्रारम्भ गरे । सन् १९९२ मा अफगानिस्तानले "इस्लामिक राज्य" को  मान्यता प्राप्त गर्यो । त्यसकाे दुई वर्षपछि सन् १९९४ मा तालिबान गठन भयो । त्यसको दुई वर्षभित्र तालिबानले  सम्पूर्ण अफगानिस्तानमा नियन्त्रण गर्यो । सन् २००१ मा ओसामा बिन लादेनले सेप्टेम्बर ११ मा "ट्विन टावर" मा  हमला गरेपछि जर्ज डब्ल्यु बुसको योजनाअनुसार नाटोको सहयोगमा अमेरिकाले अफगानिस्तानमा सैनिक पठायो । करिब १ लाखभन्दा बढी सेना अफगानिस्तानमा परिचालन गरियो । 

तालिबानले आफूले नियन्त्रण गरेका सहरहरू गुमाउनु परे पनि अमेरिकाले तालिबानलाई हराउन भने कहिले पनि सकेन । २०१४ देखि अमेरिकाले सैन्य कारबाही रोकेको छ तर आफ्नो सेना भने फिर्ता लग्न सकेको छैन । अमेरिका र तालिवानबिच शान्ति सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरिएको छ र केही कुरामा वार्ता चलिरहेको अवस्थामा अमेरिकाको सरकार परिवर्तनले के-कस्तो प्रभाव पार्छ भन्ने भोलिका दिनले नै देखाउने छ ।

"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world." 

                                 - Nelson Mandela

No matter where we go, education is one of the most crucial things these days. Education is a powerful weapon that aids an individual to face the adversities of life and overcome societal stigmas such as poverty, fear, status to achieve success. It has many advantages for people. Education helps build an individual in a better way. It develops in people a perspective of looking at life, helps them build opinions and have points of view on things in life. 

 In the context of Nepal, Education hasn't improved really well. There are children who are still deprived of education. Education might be really good in cities like Kathmandu, but it is really expensive so everyone cannot afford it. People with higher economic status will definitely make their kids study in expensive schools and colleges, but what about the ones who cannot afford it? So, the government should take some initiative about it. There are tons of government schools but the education is really poor. Because of this reason students are not getting the education they deserve. Education is the greatest weapon for the people, but it is governed by corruption. In order to improve a country, the people of that country must be educated, but here due to a lot of circumstances, they are not able to achieve it. Almost every education sector is now looking to improve their business instead of giving proper education to the students. Because of this, it might even hamper the students' careers. Nowadays, it is really difficult to adjust to society without quality education. Opportunities are grabbed by the ones who are educated and confident. To get a good career in the industry, many companies require higher education as a standard. If the price of education changes, it will affect everyone because people will be able to afford it easily. Students are the future of the country. Without quality education, the country will also get hampered. So, free education is important because it guarantees some level of education for every student in the country. This means that every student has an equal opportunity to reach this level of education at an equal level. If the education is free then most students will have access to improvise and hence increase their chances of being independent. Free education allows the student the luxury of choice in pursuing their desired career. It also promotes concentration in the classroom because students will not have to worry about getting loans to complete further education. Also, if the education is free equality will be maintained in the school. Because there are many cases where students from a rich families dominate other students. So, there are many advantages if education is free. It will definitely create a positive impact on students' life and as well as the country's future. 

Therefore, a good education is really important for everyone. But the education sector should not take advantage of it. It should not be monopolized within powerful hands. With education, many problems can be solved like poverty, illiteracy, and many more. Free education can be a big blessing to poor families. Thus, the government should try to take some initiative and provide education to everyone. 

रामसरन एउटा कुरा प्रत्येक ठाउँमा खोज्न जान्थ्याे । ऊ एउटा हरियो ढुङ्गाको खोजी गर्दै थियो । त्यो ढुङ्गा अति नै महत्त्वपूर्ण थियो । त्यो ढुङ्गामा १ देखि ७ सम्मका अङ्क हुन्थे । यी सबै ढुङ्गा मिलाएर राख्यो भने एउटा जनावरले उसको जस्तो पनि इच्छा पुरा गर्न सक्थ्यो । त्यो धेरै महत्त्वपूर्ण ढुङ्गो भएकाले ऊ त्यसकाे खोजीमा निस्कियो । 

धेरै दिनको खोजीपछि पनि उसले केही कुरा भेटेन । उसलाई रिस उठेको थियो तर उसले हार मानेन । ऊ अझै उक्त ढुङ्गाकाे खोजीमा लगिरह्याे । केही दिनपछि उसले एउटा गुफा देख्यो । उसले थाहा पाएअनुसार त्यो ढुङ्गा त्यहीँ हुनुपर्थ्यो । उसले त्यो गुफामा अनुसन्धान सुरु गर्यो । त्यो गुफा धेरै सानो थियो । त्यहाँ खोज्न अति नै गारो हुन्थ्यो तर उसको अनुभवले गर्दा उसलाई सजिलो लागेको थियो । गुफा धेरै गहिरो थियो । त्यहाँ बत्ती बाल्न पनि धेरै ठाउँ थिएन । ऊ गुफाको धेरै गहिराइमा पुग्यो अनि थाेरै प्रकाश देख्यो । ऊ हतार हतार त्यो किरणतिर लग्यो । त्यहाँ अर्को ठुलो ठाउँ थियो । धेरै वर्ष साहस गरे पनि उसले यो ठाउँको बारेमा धेरै जानकारी हासिल गर्न सकेकाे थिएन । त्यहाँ उसले जिन्दगीमा नदेखेका कुराहरू देख्यो । उसलाई डर पनि लाग्दै थियो तर नयाँ कुराकाे खोजी गरेकोमा ऊ अत्यन्त खुसी थियो । 

उसले त्यहीँ नजिक एउटा शिविर राख्यो । त्यहाँको पानी र हावा अति सफा थियो ।  उसलाई त्यो ठाउँ नयाँ संसार जस्तै लागेको थियो तर त्यो ठाउँ नजिक उसले केही भेटेन ।  उसको मुख्य उद्देश्य ती ढुङ्गाहरू खोज्नु थियो तर त्यो ठाउँ धेरै सुन्दर लागेकाले उसले ढुङ्गा खोज्ने प्रक्रिया रोक्यो र त्यो ठाउँका बारेमा खोज गर्न सुरु गर्यो । उसले कसैलाई पनि खबर गर्न सक्दैनथ्याे किनभने त्यो ठाउँमा इन्टरनेट चल्दैनथ्यो । ऊ एक्लै खोजी गर्न लाग्यो । केही समयपछि रात परिसकेको थियो र ऊ आफ्नो सामान राखेको ठाउँतिर लाग्यो र खाने कुराकाे प्रबन्ध गर्यो अनि आफ्नो डायरी लेखेर सुत्यो । 

Kobe Bryant (black mamba) was one of the professional basketball players of America. He was born on August 23, 1978 A.D. He started to play in the NBA (National Basketball Association) when he was 18. In 1996, Kobe was declared as the second-youngest player in the NBA. Kobe Bryant became 1-time MVP and he had 5 championship rings. He used to play as a shooting guard. Kobe Bryant played for Los Angeles Lakers from the starting of his career in 2016. When Kobe started to play for the Lakers, he chose his jersey number as ‘8’. Then in 2009, Kobe Bryant changed his jersey number to 24. On April 13, 2016, Kobe Bryant retired from the NBA. After the retirement of Kobe Bryant, Los Angeles declared the 24th of August as Kobe Bryant day. The reason behind it is, Kobe was born on 23rd August and the jersey number of Kobe was 8 and 24 so the council of Los Angeles declared August 24th (8-24) as a mamba day or Kobe Bryant day. Los Angeles gives a holiday on this day with a respect to the late Kobe Bryant.

On 26th January 2020, Kobe Bryant and his daughter Gianna Bryant died due to a helicopter crash in California. Kobe died when he was 41. After the death of Kobe, Orange County also declared a holiday on the 24th of August.

घमण्ड नगर, प्रिय !

तिमी भन्छौ, 

तिमी ट्याक्सीबिना हिँड्न सक्दैनौ,

त्यो सानो होटेलमा छिर्न सक्दैनौ,

कफी खान्छौ, चिया खान सक्दैनौ,

गरिबदेखि एलर्जी छ, भिडमा बस्नै सक्दैनौ ।

घमण्ड नगर, प्रिय !

तिम्रो त्यो आई फाेन पनि एक दिन पुरानो हुन्छ,

तिमीले लगाएको म्याकको लिपिस्टिकले नि बिगार गर्छ ।

नहेप ती गरिबलाई,

छि ! भनी फालेको झुसिल किरा पनि एक दिन

पुतली बनी उड्छ ।

घमण्ड नगर, प्रिय !

छि ! भनी फालेको झुसिल किरा पनि एक दिन

पुतली बनी उड्छ ।

Patan Durbar Square is located in the center of Lalitpur City. It is one of the three Durbar Squares in the Kathmandu valley, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. One of its attractions is the ancient royal palace where the Malla Kings of Lalitpur resided. Durbar Square is a marvel of Newar architecture. The Square floor is tiled with red bricks. There are many temples and idols in the area. The main temples are aligned opposite to the western face of the palace. The entrance of the temples faces east, towards the palace. There is also a bell situated in the alignment beside the main temples. The Square also holds old Newari residential houses. There are various other temples and structures in and around Patan Durbar Square built by News people.

Major Attractions

Krishna Mandir

Krishna temple is the most important temple in Patan Durbar Square. It is built in the Shikhar style imported from India although it is unique in its own way. The stone carvings along the beam above the first and second-floor pillars are most notable. The first-floor pillar carvings narrate the events of Mahabharata, while on the second floor there are visual carvings from Ramayana.

Bhimsen Temple

Bhimsen temple was built by Srinivasa Malla in 1680. It is renowned for its three interconnected golden windows. Bhimsen is a great personality in Mahabharata. He was known to be very brave and strong. In Newa tradition, he is worshipped as a god of business and trade. Tourists are not allowed inside the temple.

Vishwanath Temple

Vishwanath temple is dedicated to God Shiva. It was built in 1627 during the reign of Siddhi Narsingh Malla. The roof supports are decorated with erotic carvings similar to imagery widespread in Shiva temples in India. The temple is guarded by two stone elephants in the front entrance. On the other side of the temple is the sculpture of a bull, Shiva’s vehicle. A stone linga is enshrined inside the temple.

Taleju Bhawani Temple

Taleju Bhawani Temple was built by Siddhi Narsingh Malla in 1640 and rebuilt by Srinivasa Malla in 1667 after a fire. Taleju Bhawani was the personal deity of the Malla kings. It is a five-story temple with triple-roofs. 14th Century chronicle of Gopala kings hints a Taleju temple was built by the Pradhanas before the Mallas.