Minecraft is a sandbox video game invented on May 17, 2009, by Markus Persson also known as “NOTCH” and developed by ‘Morang Studios’. From the time when Minecraft was made, there have been many updates and the latest version is 1.016. The original creator of Minecraft and the founder of Morang studios sold Minecraft and Mojang to Microsoft in 2014 for the US $ 2.5 billion.
This game has 2 versions of it; one is the original Java version and another is bedrock version which was made on August 16 2011. Java consists of 4 modes and bedrock consists of 3 modes. Those modes are creative, survival, adventure and spectator.
The first mode is creative. In this mode, we have access to all the items in the game in our inventory which is the space for items we keep. In this mode, we can unleash our imagination and make all the things from the simplest of houses to grandest of castles by placing cube-shaped items known as blocks.
The second mode is survival in which we have to collect all the items in the game using the resources in the game. We have to survive from entities called hostile mobs, lava, and try not to fall from high places.
Speaking of mobs there are 4 types of them which are:- passive, self protective, hostile and the deadly boss mobs.
Passive mobs are those mobs that won’t harm players at any cost, these mobs can be killed with hostile mobs or by the player. It’s examples are:- cow, pig, sheep, villagers, fish, striders, etc.
Another type of mob is self protective which are powerful mobs that will only attack you when you attack them, steal their stuff or attack someone or something that they are protecting or even their homes . These mobs even fight the hostile mobs. It’s examples are:- dog, golem, piglin, zombified piglin, bees, polar bears, etc.
Another type of mob that is in the game is hostile mobs which will try to attack the players, passive mobs and the self protective mobs at any cost. It’s examples are:- zombie, drowned (water form of zombie), husk(desert form of zombie), skeleton, wither skeleton(sword wilding, neither form of skeleton), enderman, phantom, zombie villager, guardians, creepers, ender mites, spiders, cave spiders (poisonous form of spiders, slime, witches, blazes, piglin brutes, magma cube, etc
The final and the most powerful variant of mob are the bosses. There are 3 bosses and they are elder guardians(the sea temple boss), wither(the neither boss) and the mighty ender dragon(the end boss). Killing the elder guardians gives us access to the treasures of the sea temple. To summon the wither we need to put 3 wither heads on top of a soul sand placed in T shape. Killing the wither gives us a nether star which is used in making beacons which gives us the ability of either strength, haste, jump boost, speed boost or regen. The beacon can be powered when it is on top of a pyramid of either gold, iron, diamond, or emerald. And killing the final boss gives us access to the end cities which contain the best loot in the game and in the warships of end cities we find elytras which are used to fly using firecrackers or glide without firecrackers.
In the game there are 3 dimensions. They are the over world which is the world like earth and that is where we spawn in and most of the things are found there and most of the mobs also spawn there. We need or make houses in the world to survive and collect food otherwise we can starve to death. We also find ores like coal, iron, gold, lapis lazuli, diamonds, emerald, etc. There are different types of dirt blocks like grass blocks, path blocks, scorched dirt, etc. and different stones like smooth stone, cobblestone, moss stone, infested stone, obsidian, neatherak(neither variant is stone), end stone(end variant of stone), etc.
Neither is a dangerous hel-like dimension filled with lava and full of hostile mobs. To make nether portal we need obsidian which we can only collect when we mine it with diamond or netherite pickaxe. Neither has the most useful ores of all the ancient debris and other ores like gold nuggets. There are many useful mobs like strider to ride above lava, piglin to trade and blazes to kill and obtain blaze rod for brewing potions and wither skeleton to kill and get wither head for the wither fight and killing the gast for its tear to make regen potions.
The other dimension is the end which is a barren land consisting of a big center island keeping the ender dragon and killing it opens the portal to the other islands and some existing end cities. To go to the end we need to find the stronghold by using the eye of ender. The portal requires 12 eyes of ender to activate and some of them are already filled and others we have to fill. When the ender dragon is beaten we can see the credits page while returning to th
आजको विश्व आँखाले नदेखिने सानो भाइरस कोरोनाबाट तहसनहस बनेको छ । यसकारणले गर्दा शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, व्यापार लगायत आर्थिक सामाजिक सम्पूर्ण कार्यहरू ठप्प रहेका छन् । लामो समयसम्म लकडाउन भएका कारणले गर्दा अन्य क्षेत्रहरूभन्दा शैक्षिक क्षेत्र त अझै ठप्प हुन पुग्यो । धेरै विद्यालयहरूले शैक्षिक क्षेत्रलाई अगाडि बढाउने उद्देश्यले अनलाइन कक्षा सुरुवात गरे तर हाम्रो देशको अव्यवस्थित नीतिका कारण सरकारले अनलाइन कक्षालाई बन्द गरिदियो । हाम्रो विद्यालय मात्र यस्ताे विद्यालय बन्यो जसले सरकारले भनेका कुराहरूलाई वेवास्ता गर्दै विद्यार्थीहरूको शैक्षिक भविष्यलाई मध्यनजर गरी पठनपाठन कार्यलाई सुरुवात गर्याे । वैशाख १५ गते हाम्रो विद्यालयको वार्षिक पात्रोअनुसार विद्यालय सुचारु हुने दिन थियो । सोही बमोजिम वैशाख १५ गतेदेखि नै हाम्रो विद्यालयले अनलाइन कक्षा सुरु गर्याे ।
विद्यालयले गरिको अनलाइन कक्षा भरपर्दो राम्रो छ । हामीले कक्षामा पढ्छाैँ र पढेका कुराहरूको पुनरावृत्तिका लागि शिक्षकहरूले हामीलाई गुगल कक्षामा गृहकार्य दिनुहुन्छ र परीक्षण गरेर अङ्क पनि दिनुहुन्छ तर सबै विद्यार्थीमा मेरै लागि पढ्ने हो भन्ने बुद्धि तँ कहाँ हुँदोरहेछ र ? कतिपय मेरा साथीहरू कक्षा लिने बहानामा ल्यापटप वा मोबाइलमा खेल्ने अथवा भिडियो हेरेर समय बर्बाद गर्ने गरेको हामीले थाहा पाएका छौं । गृहकार्य गर्ने निहुमा धेरै समयसम्म ल्यापटप अर्थात मोबाइलमा व्यस्त रहेर गृहकार्य नगरी कक्षामा उपस्थित भएका छन् । हाम्रा विद्यार्थी साथीहरूले यसो गर्नु भनेकाे आफ्नै भविष्य बर्बाद गर्नु हो । अनलाइन कक्षाका फाइदा र बेफाइदाहरू दुवै छन् । यसको फाइदाको कुरा गर्नुपर्दा विद्यालय जान नपाएर आफ्नो जीवन नै सङ्कटमा परेको स्थितिमा घरमै बसेर सिक्न पाउनु हो तर यसका बेफाइदाहरू पनि धेरै छन् । इन्टरनेट जाने, बत्ती जाने, कहिलेकाहीँ शिक्षकले नै बोलेको नसुनिने, कक्षामा जोडिन कठिन हुने, विद्यार्थीहरू पढ्ने बहानामा अधिकांश समय विद्युतीय उपकरणमा खेलेर बस्ने र पढाइमा ध्यान नदिने आदि हुन् तर विद्यार्थी स्वयंले आफ्नो भविष्यलाई ख्याल गरी ध्यान दिने हाे भने भने यसका राम्रा पक्षहरू नै धेरै छन् ।
मेरो विचारमा अनलाइनमार्फत शिक्षा लिनुभन्दा विद्यालय नै गएर प्रत्यक्षरुपमा शिक्षा लिँदा धेरै बुझिने र फाइदा हुने गर्छ । विद्यालय जाँदा गएर साथीहरूसँग पनि खेल्न पाइन्छ । खेलको माध्यमबाट पढ्न पाइन्छ । साथै विद्यालयमा पढ्दा धेरै घन्टीहरू पनि पढ्न पाइन्छ अनलाइनमार्फत शिक्षा लिँदा केही समय मात्र लिने हुँदा सबै कुराहरू सिक्न पनि कठिन हुने रहेछ तर आजको यस्तो कठिन परिस्थितिमा घरमै बसेर शिक्षा लिन पाउनु हामीले भाग्य ठान्नुपर्दछ । हामीले घरमै बसेर लिन पाएको यस्तो शिक्षालाई सही रूपमा लिएर अगाडि बढेमा पक्कै पनि यसले राम्रो गति लिनेछ । यस्तो कठिन परिस्थितिमा पनि विद्यालयले हामी विद्यार्थीहरूप्रति गरेको राम्राे प्रयासलाई धन्यवाद दिनुपर्छ ।
विज्ञान सबैभन्दा जटिल विषय हो । हामीलाई विज्ञान पढ्न बढी एकाग्र शक्ति चाहिन्छ। विज्ञान प्रकृति र मानवकाे खाेजसँग सम्बन्धित छ । वर्षौंसम्म हामीले विज्ञानमा धेरै विकास गरेका छौं । पछिल्ला वर्षहरूमा मानवले धेरै आश्चर्यजनक कर्महरू गर्यो । मानवजातिले सबै प्रकारका चमत्कारहरू गरे जुन कल्पना गर्न योग्य थिएनन् ।
विगतका वर्षमा मान्छेहरूले विभिन्न चीजहरू गर्ने उत्तम तरिका फेला पारे। जापान र चीन सबैभन्दा विकसित भएको थियो । मानव चन्द्रमामा उत्रियो जुन हामीले सपना देख्यौं। हामी भविष्यको लागि तयार हुनुपर्दछ जसले हामीलाई अझ महिमा र प्रेम दिन्छ तर हामीले विकासका कार्यसँगै देखिएकाे जलवायु परिवर्तमा अाएकाे खराबीलार्इ नियन्त्रण गर्न पनि एउटा तरिका खोज्नुपर्दछ। कसलाई थाहा, कि एक दिन पृथ्वीकाे तापक्रम बढेर हामीलाई कोरोना भाइरसलेभन्दा धेरै दुःख दिन्छ तर एउटा कुरा यो हो कि मानिसहरूले प्रयोगको लागि सबै प्रकारका जनावरहरू प्रयोग गरिरहेका छन् । यो आश्चर्यकर्म हो कि १० वर्ष लाग्ने भ्याक्सिन पहिले भन्दा १० गुणा बढी छिटो बनाइन्छ । आधारभूत विज्ञान सिक्नको लागि हामी विज्ञान र चलचित्रहरू हेर्न सक्छौँ । हामीले जनावरहरूको विकासको बारेमा पनि सुनेका छौँ । विभिन्न कार्यक्रम जनावरहरूका विभिन्न प्रजातिहरूको प्रयोगको लागि राखिन्छ । हामीले पानीमा समुद्री प्राणीका विभिन्न किसिमका हल्लाहरू सुनेका छौँ । तिनीहरू केही कारणले एलियन भनेर चिनिन्छन् । यो विज्ञान पढ्न र रहस्यहरुको समाधान गर्न को लागि धेरै रमाईलो छ। आशा छ कि मानव र विज्ञानको बारेमा अधिक चीजहरूको बारेमा थाहा पाउन विज्ञानकै महिमा अधिक रहनेछ ।
इतिहास पत्ता लगाउने र विज्ञानको रहस्य सुल्झाउने विभिन्न काम स्तरमा भएकाे छ । यदि यस गतिमा विकास भयाे भने हामी सागरको अधिक ठाउँ खोजी गर्न सक्नेछौँ । अन्तरिक्षकाे बारेमा सिक्ने, आविष्कार गर्ने, र रहस्य समाधान गर्ने पनि विज्ञानकै काम रहेकाे कारणले आजकाे दुनियामा विज्ञान मानिसकाे एक अभिन्न अङ्ग बन्न पुगेकाे छ।
The dictionary meaning of religion is , ‘An institutional practice of improving habits and characters for making a better life.’ Religion teaches us how to live our life with moral values.It guides us and shows us the way to control our weaknesses and improve our thinking and the way of living. There is religious tolerance among the various religious groups especially in Nepal. Religious tolerance is respecting all religious groups equally. Everybody participates in each other's religious activities with respect.
Hinduism is the oldest religion which has been followed since the ancient time. So it is called Sanatan religion. Hindus believe that God is present in different forms and avatars. They believe that our good deeds take us to heaven whereas our bad deeds push us to hell. Buddhism is the next religion that teaches us to be careful in deeds. It was founded after Gautama the Buddha. Lumbini is the birth place of Gautam Buddha. It is in Rupandehi district, Province no. 5 of Nepal. Buddha was born in 563 BC. Buddhist people follow the teachings of Gautam Buddha. Buddhist is listed as the world's fourth largest region.
Jesus Christ; after his crucifixion, a new religion formed after him called Christianity. Christians believe that Jesus is the son of God who was sent as the savior of humanity. Bible is the main religious book of Christians. The place where they pray to Jesus Christ is known as Church.
Islam is the next widely followed religion. Muslims are the followers of Islam. They follow the teaching of Hazrat Mohammad. His teachings are concerned about the ways of getting rid of worries in our lives. Donating to the needy, adopting good habits, being truthful, helping the poor, and protecting the religion and respecting prophets sent by Allaha; their God, are the main teachings of this religion. The Muslims pray to Allah also known as Khuda and their religious book is called Quran.
The main teachings of religions are common; to forgive others, adopt good behaviour, help the needy, and take care of the disabled and the poor people.The essence of all religion is love,compassion, generosity and humanity.
वर्षा ऋतुपछिको खुला आकाश
यसैबिचमा आउने यी ठुला चहाड
देवी भवानी पूजी मनाई दसैँ
रातो टिका जमराले रमायाे मन जसै ।
पुर्खादेखि मनाएका रमाइला चाडपर्व
काग, कुकुर, गाई पूजी गर्छाैँ हामी गर्व
पूजा गर्छाैँ गाई माता, लक्ष्मीसमान मानी
आफ्नै काँधमा रमाइलाे परम्परा धानी ।
झिली मिली पारी घर आगन सारा
लिपी पोती गरी आगन राता
गरी लक्ष्मी पूजा बाल्याैँ बत्ती झिलिमिली
देउसी भैलो गर्दै गुन्ज्याे घर, आगन आली।।
दाजुभाइ पुजी मखमली माला पहिराई
माया अनि सम्मान देखाउछौँ रमाई
लामो आयुको कामना गर्छन् दिदी बहिनी
भन्छन् जुग जुग बाँच प्यारा दाजुभाइ तिमी ।
My idea of a perfect society would be a society where all the people are happy and have no problems whatsoever. There should be peace and harmony everywhere in a society. No fear of anything in the world. My ideal society would have no use of money! All the things that people would do would be for their own happiness and not for money. I would want nobody to know anything about money because I believe that money is the cause of both happiness and unhappiness; cause of all evils in the world. So, I would want people to realize that there is happiness without money too. If there would be no use of money then no social evils would take place so I would want my society to be free from the use of money. I would want all the people to help each other in growing crops and doing all the other things that help to develop the society and the nation as a whole. There wouldn’t be any unnecessary electronic devices and nuclear weapons in my ideal society. All the children would get an education and would become successful people. Everybody would remain happy their whole life.
( Pre-reading activity of The Giver)
हातमा हात समाएर हुर्क्याैँ बढ्याैँ सँगै
बाल्यकालका याद अझै छन् हाम्रो मनमा ताजै ।
छाड्न हामी सक्ने छैनौँ एकअर्काको साथ
अझै पनि सँगै हिँड्छाैँ समाएर हात ।
सधैं हामी मिलिजुली सँगै सँगै बस्छाैँ
मित्रतालाई नजिक पार्न सधैँ कम्मर कस्छाैँ ।
हामी धेरै खुसी हुन्छौँ जब पाउँछौं साथ
साथमै भए पत्तै हुन्न बितेको दिन रात ।
खुसीमा हास्छाैँ हामी दुःखमा सँगै रुन्छाैँ
पढ्दा लेख्दा खेल्दा हामी सँगैसंगै बस्छाैँ ।
घरअनि बाटोघाटो स्कुलमा पनि
साथीभाइको न्यानो माया मन मुटु मै छ नि ।
कहिलेकाहीँ झगडा गर्छौं अनि छिट्टै मिल्छाैँ
जब हाम्रो झगडा पर्छ दुख मान्छौँ रुन्छाैँ ।
प्याराे साथी अरुसँग नहोस् भन्ने लाग्छ
अरुसँग साथी मिले रिसको आगो बल्छ ।
मान्छेको मनमा कुरा खेलाउने
नयाँ-नयाँ काम गर्ने रहर सधैँ लाग्ने
आफ्नो ठाउँ र परिवेशकोबारे केही खोजौं
हराएका नयाँ कुरा खोज्ने काम राेजाैँ ।
लुकी बस्ने धेरै जीव खोज्न बाँकी छ है
समुद्रको दुनियालाई बाहिर ल्याउनु छ है
समुद्रमा हराएका कुरा खोज्ने छौँ है
नयाँ नयाँ प्राणीलाई चिनाउने छाैँ है ।
नयाँ नयाँ काम गर्न रुचि राख्नुपर्छ
नयाँ सोँच नयाँ कामले अघि बढ्नुपर्छ
समुद्रमा जन्तु छन् है धेरै धेरै प्रकार
नयाँ खोजले दिनुपर्छ विश्वलाई नै उपहार
खराब कुरा छाडिदिई आफ्नै दुनिया जाेडाैँ
प्रश्न आफै निर्माण गरी उत्तर आफैं खोजौँ
चारैतिर पाउछाैँ हामी उपहार प्रश्नमाला
आधुनिक शिक्षाले उत्तर दिने बढाऔँ चाला
In this modern generation, cellphones are very common everywhere. We can see cellphones in everyone’s hands. Even children who study in elementary schools have cellphones. Cellphones are very casual and important these days. They are very beneficial but as we know everything has its disadvantages. Cellphones are very common in every place except in schools. In international schools, cellphones are allowed but it’s not the same for all the schools in all countries. Schools in Nepal aren’t allowed to use cellphones. Actually, there are a few schools that allow students to use cellphones but still, there are many schools which don't allow students to use cellphones in the context of Nepal.
I think cellphones could be a good source of learning. If cellphones are allowed in schools, it can be a good medium to learn for students. Students have classes every day and have to learn so many things each day. While learning they might have many difficulties. Sometimes even teachers may not know answers to student’s questions. So, in these situations, cellphones could be a powerful source of learning but on the other hand, providing cellphones to students might raise a feeling of uncontrolled freedom in students. They can use it during the class and interrupt the flow of class with unnecessary jokes and mischievous acts.
Cellphones are the need of students but it could also be a major source of distraction. Cellphones may be helpful in a way to remind the students about their deadlines of assignments and it is a fact that during lockdown almost all the schools have started online classes. The online class is a good example as the schools naturally had to allow students to use cellphones during the class. The students can study on laptops and cellphones and the trend has increased in the pandemic. In this pandemic, cellphones and electronic devices have become very beneficial. Because of cellphones, laptops, and PCs students are able to learn. The online class proves that cellphones are beneficial and allowing students to bring a cellphone shouldn’t be a problem.
In my view, if teachers have a fear that cellphones can be misused by students by texting each other or clicking pictures or doing unnecessary things, then, in such cases, the unnecessary disturbances in the class can be handled by making strict rules and by introducing new ways of punishment or the teachers can allow students to use the cellphones during recess and keep away phones during lectures and the class time. In this way, students can enjoy and also discuss their studies during recess. This way teachers can also teach without any distractions or disturbances caused by cellphones.
So, I think it’s appropriate to give cellphones to students but teachers should observe students and their behaviors after allowing cellphones. As cellphones have both good and bad sides, students should also understand that they need to work hard and make good use of the cellphone. Students should be more careful and shouldn’t take the freedom of using a cellphone in school unwisely. If students are trustable and hardworking, schools should consider allowing cellphones as cellphones can help the hard-working students in their studies and it could help students become an independent learner.
किन लाग्छ मलाई सधैँ सबै कुरा राम्रो
कहिले कसैलाई नहोस् है नराम्रो
किन लाग्छ सबकाे मनमा यति धेरै डर
ए प्याराे डर अलि उता सर ।
यति अनौठो रहेछौ जीवन तिमी त
हुन सकेनाैँ तिमी कहिल्यै सरल
मर्ने र बाँच्ने क्रम नै चलिरहन्छ
साेचेमा धेरै कुरा मनमै दबिन्छ ।
यता, उता, जता, तता घुम्न मन लाग्छ
भाेलि के पो हुने होला भन्ने डर लाग्छ
जति बाँच्छाै बाँचौ कहिल्यै नराम्रो नगरी
राम्रा काममा हात बढाउँ सधैँ अघि सरी ।
मृत्युसंग नडराई हामी अघि बढ्नुपर्छ
क्षणिक जीवन अचम्मकाे मृत्युवरण गर्नैपर्छ
अचम्मैको यो जीवनको राम्रो प्रयोग गरौँ
मृत्युसँग नडराई हाँसी हाँसी मरौँ ।
नौ महिना कोखमा राखी जन्म दिने मेरी आमा
सारा दुख पिडा सही हुर्काउने मेरी आमा ।
सधैँ-सधैँ ममता वर्षाउने मेरी आमा
जहिले बोकी स्कुल लग्ने प्यारी मेरीआमा ।
मेराे हाँसाेसँगै मिलाई मुस्कुराउने मेरी आमा
सत्मार्ग र सद्बुद्धिकाे शिक्षा दिने मेरी आमा ।
हेर्नु आमा बन्छु म ठुलो मान्छे कुनै दिन
जसमा चाहिन्छ तपाइँको आशीर्वाद त्यो दिन ।
ममताले सारा चोट निको पार्ने मेरी आमा
चोट लागेमा ठिक पार्ने औषधी हाै मेरी आमा ।
सबै कुरा सुन्न सक्छु, चाेट सहन सक्छु
आमाको पीडामा म लाग्छ आफैँ मर्छु ।
धनी भन्ने कुरा मेरो नाममा थिएन,
पैसा भन्ने कुरा मेरो सानमा थिएन,
हजारको नोट जिन्दगीभर मेरो हातमा थिएन ,
आमा र बुबाको मसँग साथ थिएन।
घर भन्ने कुरा मैले कहिले पाइन,
खाना भन्ने कुरा मैले राम्ररी कहिल्यै खाइन,
विद्या मैले लिन कहिले पाईन,
बुबाले भन्नुभयो तलाई विद्या चाहिन्न।
डाक्टर बन्ने इच्छा कहिले पूरा भएन,
सहरको दृश्य कहिल्यै हेर्न पाइन,
आफ्नै घरको भित्ता कहिल्यै छुन पाइन,
आफ्नै गाडी कहिल्यै चलाउन पाइन।
जिन्दगीभर आकाशकाे छानाे पाएँ,
मिठो खानाको सट्टा धुलो माटो पाएँ,
सडेकाे फालेको खाना खान खाएँ,
सधै च्यात्तेको लुगा लगाउन पाएँ।
जिन्दगीमा मैले तारा हेर्न मात्र पाएँ,
आफ्नो आँखामा आँसु मात्र पाएँ,
अध्यारोले ढाकेको जिन्दगी मैले पाएँ,
तर पनि म सधैँ उज्यालो मुख लिएर हाँसीरहेँ l
