परिवर्तन उपन्यास लेखक अर्जुनकुमार कार्कीद्वारा लिखित उपन्यास अनेक दृष्टिले बडो महत्त्वपूर्ण छ। यस उपन्यासमा धनवीरका तीनोटा छोराछोरी थिए।  तीमध्ये सबैभन्दा ठुलो चन्द्र थियो । धनवीरले चन्द्र ठुलो भएकाले उसको छिट्टै मुना नाम गरेकी केटीसँग विवाह गराइदिए। चन्द्रको विवाह मुनासँग भएपछि ऊ जागिरको खोजीमा सहर जान्छ र त्यहाँ गएर उसले अन्धविश्वासका  कुराहरू  देख्छ । ऊ  गाउँ फर्केपछि एउटा विद्यालयमा शिक्षण पेसामा संलग्न हुन्छ। एकदिन चन्द्रको समाजसेवीसँग भेट हुन्छ। समाजसेवीले उसलाई अरूमा परिवर्तन ल्याउनुभन्दा पहिले आफैँमा ल्याउनुपर्छ भने। त्यसैले चन्द्रले आफ्ना  नोकरहरूलाई आत्मनिर्भर बनाउन सक्यो भने उसको यो कार्यबाट अरू पनि प्रभावित भएर उसलाई समर्थन गर्छन्। यसबाट केही परिपवर्तन पनि हुन्छ । यो  देखेर सबै गाउँलेहरू  चकित भए । उनीहरूले यो सबै  कसरी भयो भन्ने  प्रश्न चन्द्रलाई गरे । चन्द्रले  उनीहरूलाई सिपमूलक तालिम लिएर आफैँ स्वावलम्बी बनेर पैसा कमाउन सकिन्छ भने । गाउँलेहरूलाई चन्द्रको भनाइ सही लाग्यो र धेरै गाउँलेहरू  चन्द्रको सिपमूलक तालिम  लिएर आफ्नो जीवनस्तर राम्रो बनाउनतिर लागे । यो सबै देखेर गाउँका ठुलाबडाहरू  धेरै रिसाएका थिए । उनीहरूले गाउँलेहरूलाई सम्झाउन खोजे तर सबैले उनीहरूको कुरा सुनेर पनि नसुनेझैँ गरे । केही दिनपछि चन्द्रकी पत्नी मुना गर्भवती भएको कुरा निस्क्यो। केही महिनापछि चन्द्रको छोरा मनोजको जन्म भयो। एकदिन चन्द्रले  विद्यालयमा प्रधान अध्यापकले चुरोट खाएको देख्यो। उसले प्र.अ.ले नै विद्यालयको स्वच्छ अध्ययन वातावरणलाई प्रदूषित बनाएकाे कुरा  उनीरूले बताए । प्र.अ.विरुद्ध आवाज उठाएकाले चन्द्र र उसका साथीहरूले शिक्षण पेसाबाट निष्कासित भए। त्यसपछि उनीहरू  धेरै गाउँमा गएर चेतनाको प्रकाश छरे । मानिसहरूलाई अशिक्षा र अन्धविश्वासबारे धेरै कुरा सिकाए। 

एकदिन उसको मित भीमले भन्यो  कि अब उसले  उनीहरूसँग काम गर्न सक्दैन । उसलाई गाउँमा केही महत्त्वपूर्ण काम गर्न बाँकी रहेकाे बतायाे । उसको महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्य भनेकाे  चन्द्रको पत्नीलाई आफ्नी पत्नी  बनाउने थियो।  भीमले मुनालाई आफ्नी पत्नी बनाउन धेरै  प्रयत्न  गर्यो तर उसले नमानेपछि भीमले मुनालाई गर्भवती बनायो । समाजको डरले गर्दा मुनाले भीमसँग विवाह गरी।  केही दिनपछि भीमले जानीजानी  एउटा राकेश  भन्ने प्रहरी अधिकृतको हत्या गर्यो।  तर उसले  आरोप चन्द्रमाथि लगायाे।  भीमले प्रहरीको मद्दतले चन्द्रको हत्या गर्यो।  उसको मृत्यु भएपछि उसका साथीहरूले उसको सपना पूरा गर्ने वचन लिए। हाम्रो देशका नागरिकमा  जति सुकै ठुलो ठुलो घर बनाएर परिवर्तन भए पनि मानिसको सोंचमा भने परिवर्तन हुन सकेको छैन। समाज परिवर्तन गर्न  हामीले पहिले आफ्नो सोच  परिवर्तन गर्नुपर्छ। 

म यो पुस्तक सिफारिस गर्न चाहन्छु। यो एउटा उपन्यासबाट पनि मैले धेरै कुरा बुझ्न सके।

Basil Lewis D'Oliveira was an international England cricketer from South Africa. D'Oliveira was born into a religious family in Signal Hill, Cape Town. He was a fine player, a brave hard-hitting bats person, and an accurate medium pace bowler. He was famously known as “Dollie”, which was his common nickname. He was nominated as one of 10 South African cricketers of the century, despite not having played for South Africa.

He was dropped from South Africa because he was defined as ‘colored’ under the racist rules of apartheid South Africa. He was prohibited from representing South Africa, the country of his birth. So, he went to  England to play. After some good performances in the domestic circuit, he was selected for the England cricket team, and then he started to give dazzling performances playing for England.

When the England team’s tour to South Africa in 1969 was announced, Basil D'Oliveira was not named, despite having scored 158 runs the previous match, in a single innings. The South African officials believed that the inclusion of Basil D'Oliveira in the team may lead to the cancellation of the tour and exclusion of South Africa from test cricket. England’s cricket authorities were put under pressure from the South African Cricket Board, who would be disappointed if Basil toured. South African prime minister of that time, B.J Vorster made it clear that D’Oliveira’s inclusion in the side to tour was not tolerable.

One injury to a staff member of the England cricket team resulted in  D'Oliveira being kept into the squad to tour South Africa. The South African government reacted strongly, demanding that  D'Oliveira had to be withdrawn. After all, this happened, the tour was canceled. In 1970, South Africa went into a cricketing ban for 21 years. It completely changed South African sport and society. His selection in the England team to tour South Africa and then resulted in a South African cricket ban was called The Basil D’Oliveira affair. 

The D'Oliveira Affair had a significant impact on the apartheid regime in South Africa. After all of these problems that South African Cricket suffered, being banned from playing for 21 years, South Africa was welcomed to International Cricket by India in 1991, they also got the recognition of being a Test nation after apartheid, and played their first One Day International Match (ODI) in Calcutta also after apartheid. Since then, South African Cricket has produced many cricketing giants and achieved many heights in International Cricket.
 

कम्प्युटर स्वचालित विद्युतीय यन्त्र हो । जसको अर्थ गणना गर्नु हुन्छ। निश्चित निर्देशनअनुसार कार्य सम्पादन गरी नतिजा प्रस्तुत गर्ने मानव निर्मित यन्त्रलाई कम्प्युटर भनिन्छ । जुन एउटा विधुतीय साधन हो । आज भन्दा करिब ६०/७० वर्ष पहिले हिसाब गर्ने यन्त्रलाई कम्प्युटर भन्न थालिएको थियो । सुरु सुरुमा कम्प्युटर भन्नाले एउटा साधारण हिसाब गर्ने विद्युतीय यन्त्र भन्ने बुझिन्थ्यो । तर आज कम्प्युटर जुनसुकै पनि कार्य गर्न सक्ने शक्तिशाली साधन बन्न पुगेको छ । विकासका लागि हरेक क्षेत्रमा कम्प्युटरको प्रयोग हुन थालेको छ । कुनै पनि क्रमाङ्कको कार्यलाई चाहे जति परिवर्तन गरेर कम्प्युटरलाई एक भन्दा धेरै समस्याहरू समाधान गर्न प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ।

विशेष गरी कम्प्युटर दुई वटा तत्वहरू मिलेर बनेको हुन्छ । ती हुन् कम्प्युटर हार्डवेयर र कम्प्युटर सफ्टवेयर । यी दुई बिच निकै घनिष्ठ सम्बन्ध रहेको हुन्छ । हार्डवेयर विना सफ्टवेयरले केही काम गर्न सक्दैन र सफ्टवेयर विना पनि हार्डवेयरले केही कार्य सञ्चालन गर्न सक्दैन । यी दुवै हार्डवेयर र सफ्टवेयरको मिलन भएपछि मात्र कम्प्युटरले कार्य सञ्चालन गर्न सक्छ । त्यसैले यी दुई तत्वहरूलाई एकै सिक्काको दुई पाटोको रूपमा वर्णण गर्न सकिन्छ ।

 कम्प्युटरकाे प्रयाेग हाल दिनप्रतिदिन बढ्दै गइरहेकाे छ । कार्यालयीय कामदेखि  अस्पताल, विद्यालय, कलकारखाना, यातायात,व्यापार,व्यवसायलगायतका हरेक क्षेत्रमा यसकाे बढ्दै गइरहेकाे छ । नेपालमा पनि यसकाे प्रयाेग दिनानुदिन बढ्दाे छ। सूचना प्रविधिकाे विकाससँगै  कम्प्युटरकाे  प्रयाेग बढ्दै गएकाे देखिन्छ । हाल कम्प्युटर डेक्सटप,एलसिडि,ल्यापटप विभिन्न आकारमा प्राप्त सकिन्छ भने हाल कम्प्युटर मानिसकाे अभिन्न साथी बन्दै उसका हरेक कार्यलाई सहयाेग गर्दै आइरहेकाे छ ।

Diseases. What actually is the definition of diseases? A disorder of structure or function in a human. We have heard that some diseases are not curable. We have heard that sometimes people die because there is no treatment of the disease. Like every disease can’t be cured but we can prevent it. Talking about Progeria. It is a specific type of progeroid syndrome called Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome. What is progeroid syndrome? Progeroid syndromes are a group of diseases with premature aging. People born with progeria typically live to an age of mid-teens to early twenties. This disease was first described in 1886 by Jonathan Hutchinson. Later on it was also described in 1897 by Hastings Gilford. This condition was later named Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome.

Children with progeria develop this disease just after a few months of their birth. Symptoms which are seen early is failure to thrive and causes scleroderma like skin condition. Scleroderma, a hardening and tightening of the skin on the trunk and extremities of the body.

This disease causes limited growth, hair loss and a distinctive appearance (a small face with a shallow recessed jaw and a pinched nose). Later, the condition causes wrinkled skin, kidney failure, loss of eyesight, and atherosclerosis and cardiovascular problems. The head is usually large, with a narrow, wrinkled face and a beak nose.

Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome (HPGS) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder in which symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at a very early age.Skin changes, abnormal growth, and loss of hair occur. These symptoms normally start appearing by one year of age.

There's no cure for progeria, but regular monitoring for heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease may help with managing your child's condition. During medical visits, your child's weight and height is measured and plotted on a chart of normal growth values.

References:
Mayo Clinic, Feb. 01, 2018, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/progeria/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356043

नेपाली भाषा नेपालको सम्पर्क भाषा तथा भारत, भुटान र म्यानमारको केही भागमा मातृभाषाको रूपमा बोलिने भाषा हो। यो भाषा भारोपेली भाषा परिवार समूहमा पर्दछ। यो भाषा नेपाल र भारतका केही स्थानकाे आधिकारिक (सरकारी कामकाजको) भाषा पनि हो। खासगरी सन् १९९० पछि लाखौँ सङ्ख्यामा नेपालीहरू आप्रवासीका रूपमा विदेशिन थालेपछि अस्ट्रेलिया, बेलायत, अमेरिका, क्यानडा, युरोपेली सङ्घ र खाडी मुलुकहरूमा नेपाली भाषीहरू छरिएका छन् । नेपालका करिब आधा जनसङ्ख्याले आफ्नो मातृभाषाको रूपमा यो भाषा बोल्ने गर्दछन्। देवनागरी लिपिमा लेखिने यो भाषामा २ किसिमका वर्णमाला छन् । स्वरवर्णमा १२ र व्यञ्जनवर्णमा ३६ वटा वर्णहरू रहेका छन्। अक्षरको लेखन र उच्चारण एउटै हुने यो भाषा सिक्न निकै सजिलो भएका कारण यसको लोकप्रियता बढेको हो। नेपाली भाषा विभिन्न समयमा विभिन्न नामले चिनिन्थ्यो; जस्तै -: खस कुरा, पर्वते भाषा तथा गोर्खाली भाषा आदि। यीमध्ये खस कुरा सबैभन्दा पुरानो नाम हो। खस जातिहरूले बोल्ने भाषा भएको हुनाले यसलाई खस भाषा भनिएको हो। यो भाषा पश्चिम नेपालको कर्णाली क्षेत्रमा विकसित भएर पूर्वतर्फ फैलदै गएको हो। 

Minecraft, developed by Mojang is a sandbox video game. It was an independent computer game designed in 2009 by self-taught Swedish programmer Markus Persson also known as notch who later sold the game to microsoft. At first, Minecraft was released on Microsoft Windows, Mac, Xbox 360, some mobile phones and PlayStation 3. Minecraft is a game that lets us create our own experience. Although this article is about Minecraft, it is very hard to define what minecraft really is. It offers a limitless world to the players where the only thing limiting them is their own imagination. Minecraft is not just another sandbox building game, the most interesting is its blocky appearance. It is a virtual world made of blocks, where the player is meant to be surviving using a variety of blocks and being safe from different mobs. Minecraft has randomly generated worlds, which means no player will ever encounter the same thing during their playing journey. Minecraft as of may 2020, has more than 126 million players. Although minecraft is a simple game, what makes it more than just another game?

Minecraft helps build a community while learning teamwork. Minecraft has a multiplayer feature where you and your friends can play the same game together. Minecraft also allows its players to freely make and use their own textures to the game. Minecraft lets its players code and make changes to the game for themselves. There can be plugins found for whatever you want to do in minecraft. These plugins are made by the vast community of minecraft players. There are texture packs and shaders which can help players make minecraft more than just a sandbox game. There are different kinds of minecraft servers offering many mini games for free. This game provides liberty to the players whether to make a small dirt house or a completely jaw-dropping huge mansion. There is no one way to play this game, and what this means is that it appeals to a grander audience. The aesthetics of the game also contributes to this. The pixelated textures make this game very easy to run on most of the potato computers out there. Minecraft’s simplicity makes it playable on most computers. The simplicity of the game makes it attractive while it's in the player's hand to make it interesting and complex.Minecraft is a lot more than just a sandbox game. 

References:

Ward, M, September 7 2013, https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-23572742

BBC News

बसिरहेकी छन् ,छेउँमा 
मेरी हजुरआमा 
लिएर टाउकोमा सेतै फुलेको कपाल
मुहारमा मुस्कानको छाप छ।   

जन्मेकी थिइन्, महेन्द्रको पालामा
जमाना थियाे त्यस्ताे
चलन थियाे पुरानाे,
एकादेशकाे कथा जस्तै 

कथाभित्रका उपकथा जस्तै
 मनमा अनेक व्यथा उन्दै,
हेर्दहेर्दै उनी आइसकिन् गणतन्त्रमा,
फरक छुट्याउन सक्दिनन्। 

उनी पहिले र अहिले

राजा र प्रजामा,
शासन र प्रशासनमा
शैली र व्यवस्थामा
उनलाई प्राचीनता प्याराे छ,
आधुनिकताले चरम सीमा नाघेकाे छ। 
राज्यबाटै न्याय भागेकाे छ,
न्यायबाट अदालत टाढिएकाे छ,
अदालतबाट अपराधी टाढिएका छन् ,
त्यसैले हजुरआमालाई प्राचीनता प्याराे छ। 
 

From July 24th, 2019 to 27th, July there was One day-Off Test between Ireland and England in Lord’s at London. The England skipper won the toss and decided to bat first. England’s destructive limited-overs batsman Jason Roy was making a debut in this test match. England started horribly 8 for 1 as they lost their opener Jason Roy in the second over. Joe Denly and Rory Burns also got out within the thirty-six runs on the board. As skipper, Joe Root also didn’t last long and got out in single-digits score so as Jonny Bairstow, Moen Ali, and Chris Woakes all three got out without scoring any runs. Then Curran and Stone smashed a few boundaries and England was all out in 85 runs. 

On day 2 Ireland’s first wicket fell in at 32 runs on the board then Balbirnie scored a quick fifty in 69 balls. Then wicket started stumbling of Ireland too and got all-out in 207. Still, they were at the top because they were leading by 122 runs. Now the second inning started and England's nightwatchman Jack Leach scored a half-century and became not out only Rory got out. Jason Roy got brute and smashed boundaries over boundaries and scored half-century too. On day 3 as Jason got dismissed by Stuart Thompson in 72 and sadly night watchman also couldn’t score his first maiden ton though he got out in nervous 90s. Skipper Root scored 31 and Jonny again failed to score a run and Curran and Broad smashed boundaries and crossed 300 runs margin and got all out in 303 on the scoreboard.

Ireland was pleased with the target because they led by 122 and they only needed 181 runs to win the match. Ireland’s first wicket fell on 11 for 1  of Porterfield then the wickets started stumbling quickly as Woakes made a career-best bowling figure of 7.2 overs 2 maiden 6 wickets and only conceded 17 runs. And Broad helped Woakes too as he took 4 wickets. And shattered Ireland’s Dream to win the game against England and got bowled out in just 38 runs. Which is their lowest score in history. And Leach got man of the match for his excellent 1*/ 92 runs and 0/26 in his bowling. And England won the One-Off Test by 143 runs.

शिक्षा अन्धकारमा प्रकाशको किरण हो । पढ्नु र लेख्नु शिक्षाको पहिलो चरण हो। । शिक्षाले मानिसलाई साक्षर बनाउँदछ। साक्षर हुनु  भनेको जीवनमा परिवर्तन आउनु हो । शिक्षाले व्यक्तिलाई आफ्नो विचार कुशलतापूर्वक व्यक्त गर्न सक्षम गराउँछ। शिक्षित व्यक्तिहरूले आफ्नो विचार स्पष्ट तरिकाले व्यक्त गर्न सक्दछन्। शिक्षा जीवनको लागि आशा हो। शिक्षा प्रत्येक मानवको आधारभूत अधिकार हो।

शिक्षा नै देश विकासको मेरुदण्ड हो । शिक्षा ज्ञान तथा सिप सिक्ने तथा सिकाउने पद्धति हो। शिक्षाले मानिसालाई अन्धकारबाट उज्यालोतर्फ लम्काउँछ। शिक्षा निरन्तर चलिरहने प्रक्रिया हो। यो जन्मेदेखि नमरुन्जेलसम्म कुनै न कुनै रूपमा चलिरहेको हुन्छ। ज्ञान सिकाउने तथा विद्यार्थीलाई पढ्न सघाउने काम शिक्षक, गुरु तथा अध्यापकले गर्दछन्। शिक्षा धेरै किसिमको हुन्छ । शिक्षाले मानिसका मानसिकता र व्यवहारमा सुधार ल्याउने 

काम गर्दछ । त्यसैले शिक्षित मानिस बढी समझदार र शान्त हुन्छन्। शिक्षाले मानिसलाई जिम्मेवार बनाउँछ । समाजका नियमको पालना गराउँछ। शिक्षित व्यक्तिहरू विचारपूर्वक काम गर्छन् । शिक्षित व्यक्ति सबैकाे प्रिय हुन्छ । शिक्षा भनेको जीवन जिउने आधार पनि हो। शिक्षा पुस्तकहरूको गहन अध्ययनबाट हामीले आर्जन गर्न सक्दछौ । शिक्षा कसैको जीवनी, क्रियाकलाप आदिबाट  पनि  अनुकरणीय शिक्षा प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ। 

प्रकृति ज्ञानको गुरु हो । प्रकृतिबाट हामीले धेरै शिक्षा पाउन सक्छौँ । शिक्षा मानिसको ठुलो हतियार हो। जुन हामीले आफूलाई चाहिएको बेला प्रयोग गर्न सक्छौँ।  शिक्षा ज्ञानको तेस्रो आँखा हो। शिक्षा सूर्यको किरण र अन्धकारको जून हो। तसर्थ शिक्षा व्यक्ति, समाज र राष्ट्रलाई परिवर्तन गर्न सक्ने महत्त्वपूर्ण दस्ताबेज हो। 

अनुशासन शब्दको अर्थ नियम पालना गर्नु र मर्यादा भित्र रहनु हो । मानव जीवनमा अनुशासनको ठुलो महत्त्व  रहेको छ । मानव जीवनमा जुनसुकै काम गर्दा पनि अनुशासनको प्रयोग हुन्छ । अनुशासन मानिसको जीवनको हरेक पलमा महत्त्व छ । अनुशासन नभएको मानिसलाई पशुसँग तुलनासमेत गरिन्छ । अनुशासनमा बस्न हामीले सानैदेखि सिक्दै आएका छाैँ । सानो छँदा घरमा आमा बुवाले हामीलाई अनुशासनमा बस्न सिकाउँदै आउनुभएकाे छ भने विद्यालयमा गुरु गुरुआमाले।

अनुशासनले मानिसको जीवनमा ठुलो भूमिका निर्वाह गर्दछ । मानव जीवनमा अनुशासन र शिक्षालाई एकै रथका दुई पाङ्ग्रा भानिन्छ । यसकाे अर्थ शिक्षा र अनुशासन मानव जीवनमा उत्तिकै महत्त्वपूर्ण छन् । यदि एउटा व्यक्ति पढाइमा एकदम अब्बल छ तर ऊ अनुशाशित छैन भने ऊसले समाजबाट मानसम्मान पाउन सक्दैन । भविष्यमा ऊ एउटा उदाहरणीय व्यक्ति बन्न सक्दैन । 

अनुशासनकै कारण मानिसहरू एक अर्काको मानसम्मान गर्छन् । अनुशासन मानिसमा मात्र नभएर अन्य प्राणीमा पनि पाइन्छ । अनुशासनले गर्दा नै मानिस महान् बन्छ । अनुशासन मानिसकाे गहना हाे । गहना लगाएकाे मानिस जसरी सुन्दर देखिन्छ त्यसरी नै अनुशासित मानिस पनि सुन्दर देखिन्छ । अनुशासन भनेकाे मानिसकाे भित्री साैन्दर्य हाे । अनुशासनविनाकाे मानिस जीवनमा सफल हुन सक्दैन ।

Wormholes, based on the theory of relativity by Albert Einstein, are the bridge that connects two points in space and time. It is as if space and time are folded, the points in space which were far away would be near and can be connected. Wormholes are basically shortcuts that allow one to travel from one location in the universe to another in a shorter amount of time.

The term wormhole was taken in reference to a worm digging the surface. If we imagine a worm on the surface of an apple, the worm can take a shortcut from one side of an apple to another by burrowing through the center of the apple to the other side. The theory of the wormhole also works in the same way as a traveler can take a shortcut from one point in the universe to another by traveling through a wormhole. Thus the word wormhole was given life. 

After the first theory presented by Einstein, there are many other theories suggested by different other scientists. Therefore there are many types of wormholes. There are multiple ideas about the different types and functions of wormholes however, there are six primary types of wormholes that scientists agree exist. 

1. Traversable - These are the kind of wormholes that we are familiar with in terms of science fiction. Traversable wormholes are the ones that we can pass through from one point in the universe to another.

2. Non-Traversable - These are wormholes that nothing can pass through because the wormhole collapses; it only has an entry point, but no exit; or the particle entering it would be destroyed before reaching the other side.

3. One-way wormholes- These are one-way-trip wormholes, meaning you can only travel once through them, and you would need a separate wormhole to return.

• Black Holes - Black holes are considered as a type of one-way wormholes. Anything can enter a black hole, but due to its intense gravitational pull nothing can escape.

• White Holes – White holes are the opposite of black holes. Here it throws out the objects but nothing can enter in it. It is believed that the objects that are pulled by black holes escape through white holes. 

4. Two-Way- These wormholes are round-trip wormholes that allow one to go and return through the same wormhole.

5. Intra-Universe- These wormholes are located inside the universe and are for traveling from one point to another within the universe.

6. Inter-Universe wormholes- These wormholes connect from our universe to another parallel universe.

This universe is a massive place. Words cannot describe how big it is. The universe is told to be 93 billion light years in diameter. Let me remind you, a light year is the distance a ray of light passes in a year. To be more clear, a light year is 9.46 x 10^12 km. That’s 9.5 trillion kilometers. And again, we are talking about the observable universe. We don't know if there is much more. For every grain of sand on Earth, there are 10,000 stars out there. And, for every star in the milky way, there is a galaxy in the universe. This shows how massive and huge our universe actually is.
So, have you ever thought about the fact that we may not be alone in this universe? Are aliens really true? Have there been civilizations in the past or is anyone living right now, on a planet millions of light years apart from us? Let's take the universe out of this question because even if there were any civilization very very far from us, there would be no way to communicate with them. Even if we would have the technology to communicate, we wouldn’t be able to physically travel to the place.
It's also not certain that there have been civilizations in the past. What we do know is that there have been and there are planets that are suitable for inhabitants. This means that if life were to occur there, they would be able to sustain themselves. So, why does the universe seem so empty if there are millions of planets that have conditions just like earth that can sustain life? Have there been civilizations and they have died out? Or is it that we are the only living things in this whole universe?
This is the fermi paradox, no one has an answer to it. There are only ideas, as it is a paradox. And, there are many possible explanations for these kinds of things. We really don't know what is right and what is wrong. The only thing we can do is to come up with the explanation that makes the most sense for us. The answers to these questions may be much more ridiculous than we have thought it is.
An explanation to this question might be that something like a “Great filter” exists.
The great filter is a theory that there is a boundary to a civilization.It is a concept that eventually there is a time when there is no way for a civilization to advance more.The great filter is said to be impossible to overcome.It is said that many civilizations evolve to a certain point but they eventually come to an end, and that end being the great filter.
If this is true, we are either safe and will be a civilization that can be able to visit the whole universe, or we may be coming closer and closer to our end.
So if there is a great filter, we may have already passed it, without even noticing it. Maybe this is the reason we are living and we are alone. Maybe life is not easily formed, and we are the only living beings in the whole universe. If this is the case, we are the civilization that has passed the great filter and this is good news.
But, are we thinking ahead of ourselves? Maybe complex lifeforms are not rare at all. Maybe we are one of the civilizations that are yet to cross the great filter. Because of the heavy odds against us, we are most likely not to cross the filter.
But, there are not only these outcomes to this paradox. There are many more which we can study about. The universe is massive and we don't know what it holds, we don't know anything about the universe right now. It seems that to get the answers to these questions, the only thing we can do is wait, and wait, and wait until we get a reliable answer that everyone can agree with.