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जाडो
- Bidhan Sen Oli - 24015, Grade ... 01 February, 2024

हिमालय बरफले सजाए, छायामा लुटाउँछ

हावा बोलायो रूपमा बदलाउँछ ।

जाडोको रात तारा चम्काउँछ

बरफले लेखेको प्राकृतिक कविता ध्वनिमा रहन्छ।


 

चाँदीजस्तै टल्कने ताराहरू झिल्मिलाउँछ

हौँसला दिलाउँछ बरफले सजाए खिल्मिलाउँछ ।

जाडोको रुपमा हिमालय बदलिन्छ,

बरफले छायामा सपनामा बजाउँछ ।


 

हिमालय बरफले ढाकेको रूपले चिनारी

बरफले सजाएको प्राकृतिक सुन्दरी ।

हिउँ हिउँ हेरी रूपले कविता लेखेको

बरफले रङ्गीन चित्रमा दृश्य हेरी बिस्तार गरेको ।


 

गर्मीको आगमन बरफले ल्याए राहत,

सुन्दर मौसम बरफले छायामा हर्षोल्लास बनाए राजा ।

प्रिय जाडो बरफले लेखेको कविता

हौँसला बढाउँछ हाम्रो मनमा चाहानाले खेलाडी हुन्छ ।


 


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A Brief History of Smoking
- Ojas Acharya - 25046, Grade X ... 01 February, 2024

Smoking, a practice that dates back to ancient cultures, has had a profound impact on public health, society, and culture. The act of inhaling and exhaling smoke created by burning tobacco or other materials has been practiced in human history for centuries. In ancient cultures, smoking was often used for ceremonial, ritualistic, or medical purposes. For example, indigenous tribes in the Americas used tobacco in sacred ceremonies long before European settlers arrived, while in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, smoking was a part of many ancient rites and medicinal practices. 

The history of smoking reveals an intricate tapestry, with its roots deeply embedded in various cultures around the world. This historical context provides a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding smoking and its impact on society. From its ceremonial and ritualistic origins to its widespread use in different parts of the world, smoking has played a significant role in shaping cultural practices and traditions. Furthermore, the effects of smoking on public health cannot be overlooked. The widespread use of tobacco has led to serious health issues and has become a major public health concern. The addictive nature of smoking has contributed to its prevalence and has led to efforts to curb its usage and promote healthier alternatives. 

The global trade expansion in the past centuries had a profound impact on the widespread adoption of tobacco and its integration into various cultures. The commercialization and mass production of cigarettes in the 19th and early 20th centuries transformed smoking into a pervasive cultural phenomenon, associated with leisure, socialization, and sophistication.

Smoking has deep-rooted social and cultural significance, woven into the fabric of various societies. One notable aspect is its role in rituals and ceremonies, where smoking becomes a symbolic expression of social bonding, spirituality, or transitional moments in life. Additionally, throughout different periods, smoking has donned dual identities. On the one hand, it was seen as a symbol of sophistication and status, signifying a certain level of refinement. On the other hand, it also became intertwined with rebellion, counterculture, and anti-establishment movements, providing a means for individuals to express dissent and nonconformity. The association of smoking with leisure, socialization, and sophistication has made it a significant commodity in global trade. Its widespread adoption and integration into various cultures have given it a deep-rooted social and cultural significance. Smoking has been associated with rituals and ceremonies, where it becomes a symbolic expression of social bonding, spirituality, or transitional moments in life. Moreover, smoking has had dual identities, being seen as a symbol of sophistication and status, as well as intertwined with rebellion, counterculture, and anti-establishment movements.

Smoking, a deeply ingrained cultural practice, has a complex history, originating from ceremonial rituals and transforming into a pervasive cultural phenomenon. Despite its widespread use, it has led to health issues and the promotion of healthier alternatives. Despite these challenges, smoking maintains dual identities, symbolizing refinement and rebellion, social bonding, and spirituality. The relationship between smoking, culture, and public health continues to evolve. The 19th century saw a significant transformation in the tobacco industry, as it shifted towards industrialization and commercialization. This period marked the widespread availability of cigarettes due to mass production techniques, leading to a fundamental change in tobacco consumption. However, the impact of the industry went beyond production, as it extended to public perception through strategic advertising.


 


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अविस्मरणीय यात्रा
- Sohan Bhattarai - 25003, Grad ... 31 January, 2024

पोखराको यात्रा सुरु गर्नु भनेको प्राकृतिक आश्चर्य र सांस्कृतिक समृद्धिको क्षेत्रमा पाइला टेक्नु जस्तै हो । जब म मेरो यात्राको लागि अग्रसर हुने क्षणहरू सम्झन्छु, उत्साह र प्रत्याशाको भावनाले मेरा विचारहरू भरिन्छन् । पोखराको नामले मात्र शान्त तालहरू, भव्य पहाडहरू र जीवन्त बजारहरूको छवि उक्साउँछ। 

मैले देवीको झरना भनिने यो साँच्चै चिसो झरना पनि देखेँ । तल खस्दा पानी धेरै चर्को थियो र यसको मुनि एउटा गुफा थियो । त्यहाँ हुनु अलि जादुई लाग्यो । म पनि गुप्तेश्वर गुफामा गएँ । जुन जमिनमुनि यी सबै चिसो ढुङ्गाहरू झुण्डिएको गोप्य ठाउँ जस्तै थियो । त्यहाँ अँध्यारो थियो तर साँच्चै रोचक पनि थियो तर यो प्रकृति सामानको बारेमा मात्र थिएन । पोखराका बजारहरू चहलपहलले भरिएका छन् । त्यहाँ हेर्नको लागि धेरै रङ्गीन चीजहरू थिए जस्तै हस्तनिर्मित शिल्प र पृष्ठभूमिमा बजिरहेको परम्परागत सङ्गीत। यो एक जीवन्त पार्टी जस्तै थियो । मैले केही स्थानीयहरूसँग कुरा गरें । उनीहरूले मलाई आफ्नो संस्कृतिका कथाहरू सुनाए । यसले मलाई संसार कति फरक र अद्भूत हुन सक्छ भन्ने महसुस गरायो।

मैले बिन्ध्यवासिनी मन्दिरमा ठाउँको भ्रमण गरेँ । यो अलिक थुम्काे थियो । त्यहाँबाट मैले पुरै पोखरा उपत्यका देख्न सक्थेँ । मन्दिर धेरै सुन्दर थियो । मानिसहरू प्रार्थना र अनुष्ठान गर्दै थिए । यो शान्त र शान्त महसुस भयो । पोखराको यो यात्रा केवल दर्शनीय स्थलहरू मात्र थिएन । यो नयाँ संसार पत्ता लगाउने जस्तै थियो । 

अन्त्यमा पोखरा जानु भनेको सपनाको संसारमा पाइला टेक्नुजस्तै रहेछ । मेरा लागि याे अविस्मरणीय बन्याे ।


 


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The Rise of Urban Gardening
- Muskan Singh - 24023, Grade X ... 31 January, 2024

 The Urban areas nowadays are really polluted and have been facing many environmental problems since each passing day. The environmental issues are very serious issues as they proportionally increase the death rate and also degrade the climatic situation. Humans are the superior among all the animals present on this earth. They are responsible for the situations of the earth and animals living here. Unfortunately for the fortune and easiness of the humans they have been degrading the environment for a very long time. It's high time to realize their mistakes and conserve the environment for future generations.

 

Urban Gardening means doing urban works like planting and harvesting in the polluted areas. It certainly decreases pollution and increases the quality of air and the environment. Thus pollution must be controlled and Urban Gardening must be promoted thoroughly. People should realize their contribution to the environment and be responsible for it. Duty and responsibility comes hand by hand, they are like the two sides of a coin and cannot be separated. Thus it's our responsibility to conserve our environment and be responsible for it. Thus one of the most useful and fruitful methods to do so involves Urban Gardening. It's the method which will certainly help to maintain the air conditions with water and soil in the areas like Kathmandu, Delhi and other polluted areas. Developed countries have already applied such a thing in their respective cities but developing and underdeveloped countries could still not do this thing. 

 

Greenery means conserving natural resources, and working for the protection of nature. Nature is the most important thing in everyone’s lives. The earth is the most beautiful place and suitable too for the people and other living things. It’s the only home we have and if we destroy our own home there might be nothing left. Nowadays there are many unnatural things occurring as some species are being extinct and some places are facing problems like floods, landslides, earthquakes and so on. It’s really heartbreaking to hear the news of wars and destruction all around the world. It doesn't only affect humans but nature too. For example, the war between Russia and Ukraine had brought so many deaths and harmed nature to a great extent. Fortunately, people are understanding their responsibilities and trying to protect nature through different activities. 

One of the major ones is Urban Gardening. This thing has actually impacted a lot for nature as most of the wastage and destruction on nature is done through such urban areas. Urban areas are a major source of pollution and environmental degradation but converting it into a cultivated village of the green spaces in the concrete jungle. In every place there are plants and the greenery is maintained. Similarly the chemical usage has decreased a lot. The places like the lakes, rivers and water bodies are being cleaned thoroughly and no wastage has been thrown at that place. People are not throwing the dust particles on the roads and other places rather than proper waste management. Similarly the materials like plastics made out of polymers and all their usages are being decreased thoroughly. Thus Urban Gardening is really needed in today’s scenario and its usage is also being increased in different areas. It’s recommended to implement this system in all the urban areas so that the most productivity can be acquired through it. 


 


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याे अविस्मरणीय पल बन्याे … !
- Ritesh Paudel - 25047, Grade ... 29 January, 2024

पोखरा मेरो स्वप्न नगरी थियो । म बारम्बार यसकाे बयान सुन्दथेँ । फेवा, रुपा, बेगनास, माछापुच्छ्रे आदिको बारेमा सुन्यो, पढ्यो अनि मस्तिस्कमा एक प्रकारको छवि बनायो यस्तै होला पोखरा भनेर । 

एक दिन बिहान बुबाले घरमा पोखरा घुम्न जाने कुरा निकाल्नुभयो । मेराे  खुसीकाे सीमा नै रहेन । बुबाले अब १/२ हप्तामा जानुपर्ला भन्नु भएको थियो । त्यसैअनुसार नै मैले सबै तयारी गरेँ । मङ्सिरको अन्त्यतिर भएकाले बिहान हल्का चिसो महसुस भैरहेको थियो । मङ्सिर २३ गते जाने कुरा थियो । त्यो दिन बिहानै ७ बजे हाम्रो गाडी आयो । 

हामी लगभग ७-८ घण्टाको यात्रापछि पोखरा पुग्याैँ । एउटा होटेलमा बस्ने निधो गर्याैँ । त्यहाँ पुगेपछि त्यो दिन आराम गर्ने निर्णय गर्याैँ । रातिको ८ बजे त्यस होटलका मानिसले हामीलाई खाना खान बोलाउनुभयो । 

निकै मिठो खाना थियो । खाना खाएर हामी सबै जना आगो ताप्ने ठाउँमा गयाैँ । आगो ताप्दै गीत सुन्दै बस्याैँ र रमाइलो गर्याैँ । 

लगभग ११:३० बजेसम्म त्यहाँ बसेछाैँ हामी । त्यसपछि सुत्न सुत्ने तर्खरमा लाग्याैँ । बिहान ७:३० बजे उठेर नास्ता गर्न गयाैँ र नास्ताको बेला बुबाले भन्नुभयो कि हामी ९ बजे डेभिड फल्स हेर्न जाने छौँ । त्यो कुरा सुनेर म निकै खुसी भएँ । खाजा खाएर एकछिन बसेपछि तयार हुन गएँ म । ९ बजे हामी सबै डेभिड फल्स तिर लाग्याैँ । लगभग आदि घण्टापछि त्यहाँ पुगियो । 

फेवातालको पानी भूमिगत सुरुङमार्ग हुँदै झरनाको रूपमा निस्कने रहेछ । "डेभिड फल्स " नाम एक दुःखद घटनाबाट आएको रहेछ  जहाँ डेभिड नामक एक स्विस पर्यटक झरनामा खसेर डुबेका थिए। घटनाको सम्झनामा स्थानीयले यसलाई ‘डेभिड फल्स’ नाम दिएका रहेछन् । त्यहाँ घुमेर, फोटोहरु खिचेर हामी सबै जना चमेरो गुफातिर लाग्याैँ । 

चमेरो गुफा हेर्दा हल्का डरलाग्दो थियो र त्यहाँ भित्र जाने बाटो नि हल्का डरलाग्दो थियो । यो गुफाभित्र पर्खाल र छत माथि हजारौँ चमेराहरुको बासस्थान रहेछ । गुफाबाट नराम्रो दुर्गन्ध रहेछ । त्यहाँ एकछिन घुमेपछि हामी बाहिर निस्कियाैँ र बाहिर निस्कदा घोडा देखियो ।

हामी सबैजना पालैपालाे  घोडा चढ्याैँ  । त्यसपछि १ बजेतिर हामी होटेल फर्केर र खाना खायाैँ । खाना खाइसकेर एकछिन आराम गर्याैँ र आराम गरेर ४:३० बजेतिर हामी बिन्दाबसिनी मन्दिर गयाैँ । त्यहाँ एकदमै भव्य तरिकाले पुजा भजन भैरहेको रहेछ । एकैछिन त्यही भजन आराधनामा हामी मग्न भयाैँ लगभग ६ बजेतिर होटेल फर्कियाैँ । होटेल फर्केर फेरि आराम र नास्ता गरियो । ८ बजे खाना खाइयो र ९ बजेतिर लेक साइड घुम्न गयाैँ । 

राति लेक साइड जानुको मज्जा नै बेग्लै रहेछ । वातावरण नै एकदम रमणीय । अनि १० बजेतिर होटेल फर्केर आराम गर्याैँ । भोलिपल्ट बिहान ७:३० बजे हामी फेवा ताल गयाैँ । एकदम ठुलो र राम्रो झन् बिहान त सुर्याेदय  भएको नि एकदम राम्ररी देखिने । त्यहाँ एउटा ढुङ्गा चढेर हामी ताल बराही दर्शनतिर पनि लाग्याैँ  । ताल बराहीमा दर्शन गरेर हामी होटेल फर्कियाैँ । 

होटेलमा नास्ता गरेर हामी कुस्मा,बाग्लुङको  सबैभन्दा लामो झोलुङ्गे पुल गयाैँ । त्यहाँ चड्दा निकै डर लाग्ने रहेछ अनि त्यो पुल निकै हल्लिने पनि रहेछ । बल्ल बल्ल त्यो पुल काटेर हामीले त्यहाँको रमणीय दृस्य हेर्याैँ । त्यहाँको दृस्य निकै अद्भूत थियो । त्यस्पछि त्यो पुल फेरि काटेर हामी कालिका भगवती मन्दिर गएर दर्शन गर्याैँ । त्यहाँ दर्शन गरेपछि हामी साराङकाेट गएर केबल कार चढ्याैँ  । हामी पुम्दिकोट र शान्ति स्तुपा पनि गयाैँ ।

तत्पश्चात् होटेल फर्केर  र खानासाना खाएर आराम गर्याैँ  र भोलि बिहानै ८ बजे गाडि चढेर काठमाडौँ फर्कियाैँ ।

मेराे पहिलाे भ्रमण भएर पनि हाेला मेरा लागि याे अविस्मरणीय पल बन्याे ! 


 


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मिलन
- Sadhana Uprety - 24092, Grade ... 26 January, 2024

प्रकृति सौन्दर्यले बारीमा छान्नु छ

सुन्दर फूलहरू र बिरामी बगैँचाहरूमा ।


 

मन छाेएको प्रेमले जीवनमा रमाइलो ल्याउँछ,

बरफको ठोकरले गर्मीका रातहरू ठान्छ ।


 

प्रेमको रङ्गले रगाउँछ जीवनलाई

हरिया पर्वतहरूले सुन्दर दरीहरूमा ।


 

बादलको छायामा  मुस्कान तिम्रो ब्याप्त छ

पर्वत र नदीहरूले प्रेमको कहानी बोल्छ ।


 

सारा विश्व यात्रामा तिम्रो प्रेम खोज्छु

प्रकृतिको सौन्दर्यमा सपनाहरू रोज्छु ।


 

तिमी र म प्रेमको सिलसिलामा

प्रकृति र साथी हाम्रो जीवनमा ।


 

पूर्वी आसमानमा सूर्यको किरण बिछ्याए

खुसीको राजा प्रेममा रमाए ।


 

साथी हाम्रो  प्रकृतिको आँचलमा

बिताएको समय मिठा स्मृतिहरूमा ।


 

बर्फिला हिमालयमा आफ्नो सिपाही,

सुन्दर दृश्यहरूमा भयो हाम्रो मिलन ।


 

प्रेमको सागरमा लहराए हाम्रो जीवन

प्रकृति र प्रेम हाम्रो एक मात्र मिलन ।

हाम्रो एक मात्र मिलन

एक मात्र मिलन

मात्र 

मिलन 


 


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Human Cloning and its Controversies
- Adarsha Khatri - 24001, Grade ... 25 January, 2024

Earlier, human cloning was science fiction included in story books, comics, animations, movies and so on, but now it is a real possibility. These days scientists have developed the ability to make identical copies of humans with the help of their genetics. This has opened many possibilities and has become a sort of hurdle for the humankind that we have to jump off. Overall, this essay will look at what cloning could mean for humanity and the ethical issues it brings up around them. 

To put it simply, Human cloning refers to a creation of a genetically identical duplicate of a human being. Usually, the phrase refers to the process of artificial human cloning. Although it is feasible to clone a person's genes, it is not viable to clone an entire person. Generally, there are three types of human cloning:

1.      Reproductive cloning: It involves implanting a cloned human embryo into a woman's uterus to produce a genetically identical human. This is hugely controversial and has not been successfully done yet, but aims to create cloned human babies. 

2.      Gene cloning: It copies specific genes or DNA sequences rather than entire organisms. The copies can be studied and potentially used to treat genetic diseases, but do not result in cloned humans.

3.      Therapeutic cloning - It involves making cloned human cells or tissues, usually stem cells. These can be used for research into human development and diseases or someday perhaps for cell-based treatments. However, the cells or tissues are not allowed to develop into cloned human beings.

 

Human cloning science has paved a huge path in medical treatments and genetic research if done carefully and ethically. By cloning human’s cells and tissues, scientists may be able to develop cell transplants that can cure diseases and personalized organ transplants that do not reject them. Additionally, cloning defective genes could boost scientists' study and find newer version treatments for genetic diseases. Most of all, the cloning methods may help infertile couples have children that are biologically related to them which will be a great prospect in the society. So, this research has a huge potential to cure diseases, help in studying genetic science, and give hope to desperate parents if strict ethics rules are followed. But many worries about society handling human cloning in the wrong way. There are good reasons to still explore the science and medical promise of human cloning under very strict oversight. While some may oppose human cloning, careful exploration of its medical and scientific potential could lead to significant health breakthroughs. 

Additionally, human cloning enables revolutionary medical advances like organ transplants without rejection, Parkinson's disease treatments using a patient's own cells, and ways for infertile couples to have biologically-related children. More debatably, human cloning might also prolong lifespans, enhance attributes, resurrect loved ones, or create research models of diseases. However, the ethics behind these uses can be complex. Strict control would be vital for the responsible use of cloning technology. While the prospects seem promising, most fear humanity is unprepared to handle the immense power unlocked by human cloning research, especially if exploited or misused. Tight rules could allow medical progress but block more troubling applications. The stakes for humanity's future have never been higher with this technology.

It has raised challenging moral questions. These include respecting human life, allowing personal choice, and stopping misuse of the technology for exploitation. Critics worry cloning could enable made-to-order babies with selected traits, turning people into products. There are also concerns about clones having unexpected genetic disorders or health issues. In short, human cloning brings up ethical issues around playing good, consent, designing customized babies, and dangerous scientific experimentation on humans. There are sound reasons that cloning research should be banned or strictly limited because it crosses moral lines about protecting human dignity.

The future potential of human cloning has good and bad parts. On the positive side, cloning research might lead to many new scientific discoveries and medical miracles, like curing diseases. It also could give people advanced reproductive options. However, there are big concerns over ethics, safety issues, and protecting the rights of clones as human beings. Laws and oversight are needed to prevent misuse or mistakes. In conclusion, realizing the future promise of human cloning, even for the right reasons, will not be straightforward. Strict guidance on using this technology must be implemented to avoid permanently crossing ethical lines regarding life's sacredness. If human cloning progresses, it should only be allowed with cautious stewardship and respect for the wellbeing of those clones created.


 


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चद्रागिरी हाइकिङ्ग
- Samarpan Uprety - 25055, Grad ... 25 January, 2024

असारको एक रमाइलो र घमाइलो बिहानमा हामी काठमाडौं उपत्यकाको दक्षिणपश्चिमी बाहिरी भागमा रहेको कलङ्कीदेखि चन्द्रागिरि पहाडसम्मको रोमाञ्चक पदयात्रामा लाग्यौं । 

चन्द्रागिरि हिल्स हिमालयको मनमोहक दृश्य, हरियाली र प्रतिष्ठित चन्द्रागिरि केबल कारका लागि परिचित छ । हाम्रो दिनको लक्ष्य प्रकृतिको सौन्दर्य अनुभव गर्नु र पहाडको शिखरबाट मनोरम दृश्यहरू हेर्नु थियो ।
काठमाडौं उपत्यकाको पश्चिमी भागको चहलपहल भएको क्षेत्र कलङ्कीबाट हामीले यात्रा सुरु गरेका थियौँ । सुरूवात बिन्दुले हामीलाई स्थानीय यातायातमा सजिलो पहुँच र चन्द्रागिरि पहाडहरूमा जाने राम्रो चिन्ह लगाइएको ट्रेलहेड प्रदान गर्‍यो । ट्रेलमा पाइला चाल्दा हामी तुरुन्तै हरियाली जङ्गलको शान्त वातावरणमा समाहित भयौँ ।
कलङ्कीदेखि चन्द्रागिरिसम्मको बाटो राम्रोसँग मर्मत गरिएको छ र यसले विभिन्न परिदृश्यहरू प्रदान गर्दछ । हामी हरियाली जङ्गलहरू, सुन्दर गाउँहरू र खुला मैदानहरू पार गयौँ ।

कोमल आरोहणले हामीलाई वरपरको प्रकृतिको सौन्दर्य लिनको लागि अनुमति दियो जब हामी ट्रेलको घुमाउरो र घुमाउरो माध्यमबाट हिंड्यौँ ।

यस पदयात्राको सबैभन्दा यादगार पक्ष भनेको स्थानीय गाउँलेहरूसँगको अन्तरक्रिया थियो । पैदल यात्राको क्रममा, हामीले मिलनसार स्थानीय मानिसहरूलाई भेट्यौँ जसले हामीलाई न्यानो मुस्कानका साथ स्वागत गरे । 

हामीले गाउँलेहरूसँग अन्तरक्रिया गर्ने, उनीहरूको संस्कृतिको बारेमा जान्न र केही स्वादिष्ट स्थानीय खाजाका नमुना पनि लिने अवसर पायौंँ । यसले हाम्रो पैदल यात्राको अनुभवमा सांस्कृतिक आयाम थप्यो ।

चन्द्रागिरि पहाड जाने बाटोमा हामीले जङ्गलमा बसेको शान्त शान्त बुद्ध पार्कको पनि भ्रमण गर्यौँ । पार्कमा भगवान् बुद्धको भव्य मूर्ति छ। हामीले केही फाेटाहरू पनि माेबाइलमा कैद गर्याैँ । 

शिखरमा पुग्नका लागि पदयात्रा एउटा विकल्प भएजस्तै पदयात्रा नगर्नेहरूका लागि केवलकार अर्काे विकल्प रहेछ त्यहाँ ।

हाम्रो पदयात्राको वास्तविक आकर्षण भनेको चन्द्रागिरि पहाडको चुचुरोमा पुगेपछि हामीले रमाइलो गरेका र खिचेका र अनुभूत गररेका मनोरम दृश्यहरू थिए । त्यहाँबाट देखिने लाङ्टाङ र गणेश हिमालय शृङ्खलाका अग्लो चुचुराहरू देखेर छक्क पर्यौं । तिनीहरूको हिउँले ढाकिएको महिमा तल रमाइला पहाडहरू भन्दा फरक छ । सफा आकाशले हामीलाई अन्नपूर्ण र सगरमाथासम्म पुग्न अनुमति दियो । जसले हामीलाई नेपालको प्राकृतिक सौन्दर्यको चकित बनायो । हामीहरू त्यसै त्यसै हर्षविभाेर थियाैँ ।


 

एकदिन भए पनि पदयात्राले काठमाडौं उपत्यकाको भीडभाडबाट उम्कन र नेपालको शान्त स्थलकाे राेमाञ्चक दृश्यावलाेकन गर्दा हामी अत्यन्तै खुशी थियाैँ । 


 


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