Introduction

Theoretical physics, which is at the basis of all our understanding of the universe, is the area in which we deal with the ultimate puzzles of nature. Out of math, it forms principles that make it possible to predict and explain physical phenomena including subatomic particles and the vastness of the cosmos. Though it may look like an abstract business, theoretical physics does the most important things in the world, including the ability to open the secret of our future.

Unveiling the Unseen: Beyond the Reach of Experiments

Theoretical physics can be one of the significant strengths as it can explore practically the realms beyond the known physical laws. The universe has too many things that are too small, too huge, or too energetic so the observing devices of humanity are not enough. Based on them, theoretical physicists construct very intricate mathematical models; they are used for an investigation of black hole features, the birth of the Universe, or elementary particle behaviour.

Einstein pondered upon the thought of how the people in the mind frame would look at space and time and subsequently altered the old way of thinking about gravity. From this, it can be concluded however that also the Standard Model of particle physics, a complex theoretical model, which describes the most fundamental building piece of matter and its interaction, is the same way or more complicated to understand. As crumbs of the model have been individually shown to be true with laboratory tests, the theory itself cannot be directly experimentally tested as a whole, although. On the other hand, it has a striking success with the prediction of atomic particle behaviour, and is this why it is used as the main theory for comprehending the atomic world.

The Complementary Relationship between Theory and Experiment in Theoretical Physics

Theoretical physics doesn't belong to the false part of the world where theoretical physics lives. Though it is unable to unearth or test scientific hypotheses on its own it still performs an irreplaceable function in a research practice by showing the possible results and guiding toward where additional experiments should be aimed at. Hypothetical models pave the way for scientists, directing their focus toward defined behaviours or particles to look for in the laboratory. Attention must be paid to complicated chemical reactions as well as gender stereotypes, both of which have profound effects on living organisms. Therefore, these predictions can subsequently be tested at the back of our researcher's mind, justifying or altering the original theory.

For instance, the anticipated production of the Higgs Boson, the crucial particle for explaining how mass is being explained in the Standard Model of particle physics, fueled a multi-national effort that involved physicists from all over the world, lasting for at least 3 decades at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to prove its existence. The Higgs Boson's discovery in 2012 being a result of the combined effort of theory and experiment epitomizes the former’s nature of being very powerful.

The Practical Impact of Theoretical Physics

Notably, the influence of theoretical physics benefits society at large by transcending beyond the bounds of scientific studies. With its ability to become the motor unit for modern-day innovations, it opens up the possibility of inventing future technologies. Technological discoveries that are the foundation of many of the technological inventions we use in our daily lives stem from theoretical advancements.

We were astounded by the fact that Einstein’s general relativity not only changed our grasping of gravity but also the tabulation of GPS technology. Quantum mechanics is the key branch of knowledge of subatomic particles which is responsible for the advancements in materials science and computing. Such concepts as dark matter and dark energy, which are studied mostly in principle, may be the source of entirely new kinds of energy in our future.

Why Does Theoretical Physics Matter?

However, it is more than just a practical application. Being involved in theoretical physics brings value to humanity on an intrinsic level. The only thing that strikes me here is that it reveals how deep the built-in human desire to learn goes and how strong our will is to understand our environment. Through exploring the underlying principles of the universe, we not only get a grasp of the practical elements but also venture upon the philosophical expedition that transgresses the boundaries of the human mind.

Thus theoretical physics makes you more pragmatic and teaches you to apply logic to solve problems, which is an asset in any field. Understanding the common trend of different natural forces and balancing quantum mechanics with gravity makes us do the harder but more challenging task. This intellectual pursuit not only enables us to enlarge the knowledge of the cosmos but also, unites us as homo sapiens always withstanding the knowledge and understanding.

Conclusion

Overall, theoretical physics is much more than just a scholarly preoccupation. It is a key that unlocks many secrets of the universe, directs experimental efforts and forms a starting point behind new technologies. Through our exploration of the borders of theoretical physics in the same way we not only improve our understanding of how the universe operates but at the same time the intellectual quest of man for knowledge continues.

In the present context, when Computer and technology has advanced to become an inseparable part of a well-functioning society, the role of computers in the health sector, especially the therapeutic context is prevalent and equally important however less it is talked about. Computer based resources such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence are one of the major tools that have been showing benefits in the therapeutic sector. Computers are utilized in therapy through a variety of approaches and methodologies, each relating to a different aspect of mental health and well-being to help the people. Some examples of computer-based technology used in therapy can be AI, Chatbots, Virtual therapists, Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Telepsychiatry.

Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the use of computer-based programs, applications, or online resources to offer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, a reliable treatment therapy. It has been proved as a valuable resource, and offers accessible, personalized, and evidence-based therapy. Its ability to provide self-paced learning, interactive exercises, and real-time feedback displays the potential to enhance mental health support. In this type of therapy, users interact with computer-based programs or online platforms which offer a series of modules and exercises designed for guiding the needy towards the core principles of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). The flexible nature of these digital interventions enables individuals to conveniently access therapy, presenting a replacement option for those with busy schedules or those who cannot attend the therapy physically. Digital CBT stands as a scalable, accessible, and effective solution of technology to empower individuals in managing and improving their mental well-being using computers.

Similarly, Telepsychiatry is important to the field of telecommunication medicine and therapy. This is because it utilizes telecommunication technologies to offer psychiatric services, removing the need for face-to-face communications to go to therapies. Mental health professionals then get involved in evaluation, diagnostics, and therapeutic solutions and counseling through various communication platforms like video call platforms and messaging systems. Telepsychiatry increases the reach of mental health services, benefits the individuals in remote or village areas where the people cannot have easy access to mental health. The convenience and accessibility, with the electronic medium of health records and therapy shows telepsychiatry as a significant advancement for virtual therapy. This increased accessibility helps in crisis situations, allowing mental health professionals to evaluate individuals in distress, offer immediate support, and coordinate necessary care through the virtual means. 

The use of computers in therapy through mediums like telepsychiatry and Digital CBT has grown overtime and has helped people get therapy from remote areas with the touch of a screen easily. This has increased the people’s mental awareness as well as has helped people seek help. The growing use of technology has heavily influenced our mental health awareness and activities.

राष्ट्रियता भनेको आफ्नो देश प्रतिको प्रेम हो । राष्ट्रियता एक नागरिकको भावना हो । राष्ट्रियता एक मान्छेको आफ्नो राष्ट्र वा देशका लागि राम्रोको निम्ति चाहना हो । राष्ट्रियता नागरिकता नभएर एक राष्ट्र र त्यहाको संस्कृति रीतिरिवाजसँगको गहिरो सम्बन्ध पनि हो । राष्ट्रियता यदि एक राष्ट्रमा जन्मनाले वा यदि त्यस राष्ट्रको नागरिकको सन्तान भएमा हुने कुरा हो । राष्ट्रियताले एक मान्छेलाई एउटा देश , त्यसकाे संस्कृति, परम्परा , रीतिरिवाजसँग गाँसेर राख्दछ । राष्ट्रियता एक भावना हो । राष्ट्रियता नागरिकता जस्तै सजिलै त्याग्न र प्राप्त हुँदैन, यो कसैको मान मस्तीका हुने कुरा पनि होइन । राष्ट्रियता एक देशको संस्कृति इतिहास, साहित्य, कला, सङ्गीत, खानपान, आदिसँग जोडिएको हुन्छ । राष्ट्रियतामा राष्ट्रको जीत र उपलब्धिमा आफ्नो इज्जत बढेको र गर्वको महशुस हुन्छ ।

राष्ट्रियता एक राष्ट्र प्रतिको प्रेमको भावना हो । राष्ट्रियता गर्व महसुस गर्नु हो जब राष्ट्र झन्डा फर्फराउँदा, जब राष्ट्र गान बज्छ वा आफ्नो देशको प्रतिनिधित्व गरिन्छ । राष्ट्रियता भनेको पुर्खाले हाम्रो स्वन्त्रता, फलिफाप र हाम्रो देशलाई चिनाउने उपलब्धिका निम्ति गरेका त्यागको पहिचान गर्नु हो । राष्ट्रियताको धेरै रुप हुन्छ, राष्ट्रिय चिह्न जस्तै राष्ट्रिय झन्डा जसले राष्ट्रको विचार र इतिहासलाई दर्शाउछ । राष्ट्रियता, राष्ट्रिय बिदाहरूमा नगरिकहरू एकजुट भएर जीत मनाउँछन्, वीर पुर्खा र सहिदहरूलाई सम्झन्छन् । त्यतिमात्रै नभएर यो एक जिम्मेवारीसँग जोडिएको हुन्छ । राष्ट्रभक्तहरू समाजका निम्ति राम्रो काम गर्नु हो । उनीहरूले एक राष्ट्रको साहारा बन्न पुगेका छन्, जसले राष्ट्रको राम्रो चाहन्छन् । राष्ट्रियताको सबैभन्दा गहिरो अभिव्यक्तिमध्ये एक देशको रक्षा गर्न इच्छुकता देखाउनु पनि  हो । यो राष्ट्रको रक्षा गर्न र यसको मूल्य मान्यतालाई कायम राख्न आफ्नो जीवन अर्पण गर्ने सैनिकहरूको बहादुरी र बलिदानबाट स्पष्ट हुन्छ । तिनीहरूको समर्पण र वीरताले देशभक्तिको उच्चतम रूपलाई मूर्त रूप दिन्छ किनकि तिनीहरूले देशमा भएको आदर्शहरूप्रति अटल प्रतिबद्धता देखाउँछन् । राष्ट्रियताको आलोचकहरूले प्राय यसको अन्धो आज्ञाकारिता वा सरकारको लागि अनालोचनात्मक समर्थनको लागि चिन्ता व्यक्त गर्छन् । तर साँचो देशभक्तिमा सत्तामा भएकाहरूप्रति स्वस्थ शङ्का र राष्ट्रका मूल्य र सिद्धान्तहरूबाट विचलित हुँदा उनीहरूलाई जवाफदेही बनाउने इच्छा समावेश हुन्छ। देशलाई सुधार्ने, त्यसका कमजोरीहरूलाई सम्बोधन गर्ने र न्यायपूर्ण र समतामूलक समाजको लागि प्रयास गर्ने राष्ट्रियता हो ।

अन्त्यमा, देशभक्ति एक सद्गुण हो, जसले आफ्नो देशप्रतिको प्रेम, निष्ठा र भक्तिलाई दर्शाउँछ। यो एक भावना हो जसले साझा पहिचान र साझा उद्देश्यअन्तर्गत व्यक्तिहरूलाई एकताबद्ध गर्दछ । नागरिकको हैसियतमा हामीले आफ्नो मातृभूमिप्रतिको यो मायालाई पोख्ने, यसका उपलब्धिहरू मनाउने, त्यसका कमजोरीहरूलाई स्वीकार गर्ने र सबैका लागि

उज्यालो भविष्यतर्फ काम गर्ने हाम्रो कर्तव्य हो । राष्ट्रियता भावना मात्र होइन, यो कार्यको लागि आह्वान हो । हामीले प्रिय ठानेको राष्ट्रको विकास र सुधारक सकारात्मक रूपमा योगदान गर्ने आवाज पनि  हो ।

At 10 o'clock, a peaceful silence descends.

I feel calmer than I have all day,

Everyone is still, it's time

To enjoy a moment of tranquility and calm,

Suddenly, dogs bark and clocks tick

But I love all these sounds just the same.

After a busy day, it's finally time

For you and me to unwind and relax.

I wish this moment could last forever,

And pray for its serenity to remain unbroken.

The moon shines, bright and comforting,

Its gentle light being an ointment for a weary soul,

Gives  a tight embrace for all your struggles,

And offers a warm and gentle smile

As it wishes you goodnight, dear.

समय कहिलै रोकिदैन,

यसले कसैको पनि भार बोक्दिदैन,

समयलाई बुझ्न सक्यो भने जीवन असल हुन्छ,

नत्र काम टार्छु भन्ने कुरो यसले पनि सुन्छ 

काम भनेको दिने बित्तिकै गर्नुपर्छ

नत्र अप्ठ्यारो आफैलाई पर्छ

काम समयमा नगर्नेलाई समयले दण्ड दिन्छ

र त्यो दण्डलाई हामीले टार्न असम्भव हुन्छ 

समय भनेको रोक्न नसकिने चिज हो

मानिसलाई अनुशासित बनाउने एउटा वीज हो

समयले भनेको कुरा मान्नुपर्छ

नत्र हामीले समयले दिएको सजाय भोग्नुपर्छ

न हामी यसलाई  रोक्न सक्छौं 

न यो हामीलाई रोक्छ

हामीले जे गरे पनि

समयले हामीलाई टोकिरन्छ 

फूल फुल्नु र ओइलाउनु जस्तै दिन र रात बित्छ

राम्रो कामलाई समयले सधै भन्छ ‘ठिक छ’

जीवन भनेको निकै छोटो छ 

यसलाई सदुपयोग गर्न समयले सिकाउँछ 

समय एक अपरिहार्य कुरा हो

जसले आफ्नो यात्रा कहिल्लै सक्काउन्न

समय एउटा असल चिज हो 

जसले कहिले अरुलाई भड्काउन्न

हाम्रो जीवनलाई अनुसाशन दिने शिक्षक हो समय

हामीलाई सफल बनाउन सहयोग गर्ने शिक्षक हो समय 

सधै मेरो सदुपयोग गर भनेर समयले भन्छ

नत्र हामीलाई तल झार्न उसले आफै खाल्टो खन्छ

Every second passed: tick-tock, tick-tock … the sound of the grandfather clock in the corner of the living room seemed to grow tremendously louder, as did the sound of Maria’s husband taking long, slow sips of whiskey; he sunk comfortably into the voluminous armchair with his reading glasses just above the bridge of his nose as he flicked through the newspaper. The plain white linen curtains behind him were drawn closed; it was just the dim floor lamp beside him that was still lightening the room. 

James, their son, was hunched over the end of a low wooden table, sitting on the ground in the space between where his parents sat on opposite sofas. He kept on scribbling carelessly in his sketchbook but occasionally looked up to the incessant tapping of his mother’s feet against the floor. Her pearl necklace was tight against her neck, heaving up and down with every ragged breath she took. She had her hair in a neat bun, and her red apron on, covering the polka dotted pattern of her quilted dress. 

Tap. Tap. Tap.  

“Would you stop that?” snapped Jim, eyes briefly lifting from his newspaper to give his wife an accusing stare. This was his time of relaxation, the top buttons of his pristine white shirt unbuttoned and his tie loosened- having only to just come back from work. 

Maria’s feet froze. She was now intrigued by her son and the number of color pencils and crayons sprawled out across the table. Then, she stared at the white curtains, devoid of any marks or dust. She looked at the fresh, red roses in glass vases on the side-tables of both ends of her sofa. The rug on which James sat was spotlessly clean, as was the wooden floor: her day’s work. 

She sat upright and rigid on the sofa, her mind racing- how was she ever going to bring this up? It wasn’t ideal for her to find her seven-year-old son digging through the fridge, pulling out a bottle of beer and when noticing her incredulous gaze, smiling innocently, “Dad said I could have some.” It only now made sense to Maria. With the sound of whiskey pouring into his father’s flask within seconds of it being empty and the dainty crystalline wineglass a permanent fixture in his mother’s hands, it was inevitable that James would have a yearning curiosity for alcohol. 

She could even recall an uncle offering more than an innocent sip to James, or an aunt asking him to fetch a bottle of wine from the cellar. And now, she was left here, wondering, ‘How could I have been so foolish?’  

Maria’s gaze now fleeted to her husband, speaking up just as he turned over a page of the newspaper, “Darling…?” Jim didn’t speak a word, but looked up. Maria continued, “I had something to talk to you about. This afternoon… I found James with a bottle of beer. Claimed that you told him you could have some,” she nervously chuckled, “It’s not true, is it?”

Jim nodded, his eyes averting back to his newspaper, “It is.” 

 “It’s just… he’s a child. You shouldn’t be giving him permissi-”

Jim cut her off, “Maria, I don’t have the patience for this. I’ve had a long day of work. I don’t expect you would understand.” 

Maria went quiet, but after a few moments, spoke again, “But you shouldn’t do tha-'' Jim folded the newspaper, putting it down on his lap, “How about you make yourself useful? I’m sure there’s work to be done in the kitchen.” 

Maria, flustered and nervous, stood up, and straightened out her apron and knee-length dress. “You’re right,” she nodded, “Would you like dinner, perhaps?”

“Yes, steak, mashed potato-”

James looked up, glancing between his mother and father before interrupting, “Mummy? Do you want to see my drawing? I drew you!” He sat down with a red-colored pencil, holding up his sketchbook. Maria smiled, but politely declined, “Not now, sweetie. Your father’s speaking.” 

James nodded, stared down at his artwork and just as his father was about to continue his list of suggestions, he asked again, “How about now? Can you look at my artwork now?” Jim stared at him, sternly commanding, "James! Be quiet. Your mother and I are talking.” James ignored his father, pleading to his mother, "Mummy! Please!" Without as much as sparing a glance to James’ artwork, Maria smiled in faux surprise, "Wow, James! That's incredible!"

James persisted, "You didn't even look at it! Mummy, please!” Fists clenched and his veins protruding against his neck, Jim stood up from his seat, sending the newspaper flying to the ground. His harsh footsteps echoed throughout the room as he neared James. He towered over his son, grabbing the small boy’s neck tightly. He yanked James up from the floor and grabbed harshly at his neck. 

Ignoring Maria’s cries of "Jim! Jim, let him go!" he seethed, "Do you have any manners? What’s wrong with you, you insolent brat?" Jim’s teeth were barred as he continued the assault on his son – cold and calloused hands, capable of such unsightly violence. Maria’s cries were drowned out completely. James had fought and tried to pry away his father’s hand but Jim persisted.

It wasn’t until Maria grabbed the vase from the side-table to her left, that James held the upper hand. She needed to do something, anything. Within seconds, she had crept behind her husband, and without as much as a second thought, she swung the glass vase to the back of her husband’s head. Jim collapsed on the ground with a loud thud. Although the vase remained intact, the rose petals fell out gracefully, gathering on the floor where his body laid motionless. 

Although he laid peacefully, Maria knew that the second he regained consciousness, she would be in his cold and aggressive hands. She could already envision the new purple marks that would blossom over her legs and ribs the next morning. She could feel his hand coming down on her face and body, the searing pain spreading throughout her body. His knuckles coming down to meet her jawline. Squirming under his grasp, and maybe, just maybe, she could leave someday. But she had a son to take care of– a blond headed, blue-eyed giggly boy. For now, her mind replayed that one moment over and over again. The violence of the crash, the impact she had made as she swung the vase in the air and towards his head - boom!  

That was enough for her. 

भ्रष्टाचार दुई शब्द भ्रष्ट र आचारले बनेको शब्द हो । भ्रष्टाचारको अर्थ राम्रो आचार नभएको वा खस्किएको कारोबार हो । भ्रष्टाचार नेपालमा एउटा व्याप्त रहेको सरुवा रोग जस्तै हो । अहिले नेपाल जस्तो मुलुकमा भ्रष्टाचार एकदमै गम्भीर चुनौतीको रुपमा बढ्दै गएको छ । भ्रष्टाचारका कारणले गर्दा नै राष्ट्र र जनता पीडित भएका छन् । भ्रष्टाचारका कारणले गर्दा नै राष्ट्र पीडित भएको र गरिब जनताहरू झन् पीडित हुँदै गएका छन् । देशको विकास निर्माणका काममा पनि अवरोध हुँदै गएको छ । भ्रष्टाचारले गर्दा नै राष्ट्रको अस्मिता पनि धरापमा परेको देखिन्छ।  

भ्रष्टाचारलाई वृहत् नेपाली शब्दकोषले दूषित मर्यादाको रुपमा व्याख्या गरेको छ । कानुनविरुद्ध घुस खाई पक्षपातपूर्ण निर्णय लिने, भ्रष्ट मनसाय वा घुसखोरीको काम आदि भ्रष्टाचारमा पर्छन् । अहिलेको समयमा राजनीतिक क्षेत्रमा भ्रष्टाचारको सञ्जाल व्यापक रहेको छ। विभिन्न मुलुकहरूमा विभिन्न किसिमका संयन्त्रहरूको गठन गरिएको पनि देखिन्छ। सबैभन्दा बढी अहिलेको समयमा सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र भ्रष्टाचारको दलदलमा फसेको छ ।  नेपालमा पनि संवैधानिक निकायका रूपमा वि.सं २०४७ साल माघ २८ गते अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोग गठन गरेर सार्वजनिक निकायमा व्यापक छानविन गर्दै अख्तियार दुरुपयोग रोक्ने प्रति प्रयत्न गरिएको थियो ।  नागरिक, कर्मचारी, सरकारी तथा गैरसरकारी संघ संस्था भ्रष्टाचार विरुद्धका निकायहरू एकजुट भएर भ्रष्टाचार विरुद्धको अभियानमा लागिपरेर मुलुकबाट भ्रष्टाचार उन्मूलन गर्न सक्छन् । भ्रष्टाचार नियन्त्रणका लागि आम नागरिकहरूको पनि महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका रहेको हुन्छ । भ्रष्टाचार रोक्नका लागि नागरिकले सूचनाको हक प्रयोग गर्न सक्छन् । यस हकले कुनै पनि सार्वजनिक संस्थाले गरेको काम कारबाहीको बारेमा जानकारी सार्वजनिक गर्ने व्यवस्था गर्दछ । जसले  गर्दा अरु नागरिकहरू पनि भ्रष्टाचारका बारेमा सचेत हुँदै जान्छन्।

 भ्रष्टाचार नियन्त्रण गर्ने अरु विभिन्न तौरतरिका छन् । भ्रष्टाचार नियन्त्रण गर्नका लागि सरकारले भ्रष्टाचारीलाई कारवाही गरेर कडा भन्दा कडा सजाय दिनुपर्छ । कुनै पनि मानिसले भ्रष्टचारविरुद्ध केही पनि राम्रो काम गरेमा उसलाई सम्मान दिने, इनाम दिने र प्रोत्साहन गर्ने गर्नुपर्छ ।  यसो गरेमा त्यो मानिसको पनि आफूमा आत्मविश्वास बढ्छ र उसलाई आफूमा गर्व हुन्छ । आफूले राम्रो काम गरेकोमा ऊ खुसी भएर अझै पनि यस्तै राम्रा काम गर्दै जान्छ।  त्यस व्यक्तिलाई राम्रा काम गरेकोमा प्रशंसा गर्नुपर्छ र अझै यस्तै कामहरूमा निरन्तरता दिलाउनुपर्छ । यति मात्र होइन राजनीतिबाट पनि भ्रष्टाचार विरुद्ध कलम चलाउनुपर्छ । राजनीतिले त हो नि भ्रष्टाचारलाई रोक्न सक्ने । भ्रष्टाचारको लडाईका लागि सरकारको प्रयत्नले मात्र होइन जनताहरूको हात पनि हुनुपर्छ। राष्ट्रिय निकायहरूमा कानुनको बलियो संरचनाको पनि आवश्यक छ । समाजमा भ्रष्टाचार प्रति घृणाको भावना पैदा हुँदै जानुपर्छ । भ्रष्टाचारीलाई सजाय दिएर सामाजिक र सांस्कृतिक हिसाबले बहिष्कार गर्न सक्ने हाम्रो सरकार हुनुपर्छ ।

अहिलेको समयमा त झन् भ्रष्टाचार नियन्त्रणमा युवा वर्गहरूको एकदमै ठुलो भूमिका रहेको छ । युवा भनेको मानव जीवनमा अत्याधिक जोस, जाँगर, उत्साह, शक्ति भएको एउटा उमेर समूह हो । परिवर्तनका लागि नयाँ सोच, उर्जा, चेतना, मौलिकता तथा प्रष्ट स्वभाव आदि अनेकौँ तत्वहरू युवावर्गमा छन् । युवाहरू देशका मागी हुन् भने देशका मणिलाई वैदेशिनु नपर्ने वातावरण सिर्जना गर्नुपर्छ । युवाहरूले आफ्नो माग र आवश्यकतालाई सरकार समक्ष लैजान आवश्यक छ। युवाहरूले अरू क्षेत्रहरू मात्र होइन, राजनीतिक क्षेत्रमा पनि ध्यान दिनुपर्छ । राजनीतिलाई पनि अरू क्षेत्रहरू झैँ महत्वपूर्ण मान्ने र भ्रष्टाचार नियन्त्रण गर्न हो भने देशको विकास हुँदै जान्छ जनताहरू पनि सुखसुविधामा बस्न सक्छन् ।

उज्यालाेको तल उभिन सकिनँ

मृत्युबाट टाडिन सकिनँ

उमेर नपुग्दै, विवाह होला जस्तो छ हाम्रो

चाहना नफुल्दै, बन्धन यो गाँसिदै छ किन ।

कुदेर पसल जान नमान्ने

प्रकृतिसँग रम्न नमान्ने

आज हो कि भोलि अब

कालो धुँवा बनेर हराउने भएँ । 

तिमीसँग न हुन पाएँ

न घर बसाएँ न मन नै बसाएँ

अँगाली राख्छु भनेको

यो भविष्य रहदै नरहेको । 

आमैको हातमा हात राखेर 

भित्तामा देख्छु सारा संसार तर

उज्यालाेको तल उभिन सकिन

मृत्युबाट टाडिन सकिन । 

कहाँ जाने छु थाहा छैन 

यहाँ आएकै किन थिए ? दु:ख पिउन ?

मोहको संसार हैन मायाको जाल भयो मलाई 

आशा दिएर भगाइदै छ जसलाई।

प्रेम क्षणिक हुन्छ भन्थे

रोगले किन छोडेन मलाई 

घृणा अमर हुन्छ भन्थे 

रोगले किन छोडेन मलाई । 

अध्याराेलाई अँगाल्न जादै छु

उनले बोलाएकी छन् मलाई 

परलोक हो कि मेरो वियोग अब 

कोही भनिदेऊ नडराई । 

स्मरण गर्दै ती छोटा दिनहरू 

यो अफसोस पनि भयो विहिन

उज्यालाेको तल उभिन सकिनँ

मृत्युबाट टाडिन सकिनँ ।

टाडिन सकिनँ ।

सकिनँ ।

It was the time when I was at the end of the session of my grade seven. My final terminal examinations were going on, and I frequently heard about the coronavirus. As my exams were going on, only two of the subjects were left, and suddenly in the morning a phone call from school came announcing that all the schools in Nepal were being closed because of the danger of the coronavirus pandemic. I was shocked because of that news. At first, I felt okay for the virus but later on, slowly people started getting affected by it, and many of them died. Since that was my first time experiencing something dangerous like that, I got panicked and afraid.

My dad was out of the valley for his work, and I was all alone in the home with my mom. The two of us were the only ones living in the house. Since we were alone, we got afraid and panicked more. In the beginning, the lockdown was going really well for me because I never had such a long holiday from my school and studies. But later on, after months of staying at home like that, it started to get boring. Many people in the city were affected by the virus. So there was no probability of the schools to open soon and all other sectors began to get normal like before. My school started taking online classes. This thing was new for me because I was just a grade 7 student and I was not that much familiar with the technologies. Since virtual school and virtual classes were new for me I began to enjoy that. For several months I passed my days getting engaged into the online classes which were of no use and they were taken by the schools just for making the students get engaged. 

The virtual classes weren’t going like they go in the physical classes because many issues of internet, electricity, and interaction came day by day which were very irritating and frustrating. Slowly the days, weeks and months passed, and finally after several months the government announced the schools to be open again though precautions were compulsory. Taking precautions, I again started to go to school but with another closure again, things started to get worse. The government announced all of the things to be stopped and announced lockdown once again. 

I felt weird during the lockdown because I was not allowed to get out of my house. I felt really suffocated and irritated. I realized how the caged animals in the zoo feel being trapped inside their bars. I understood how important is freedom for the human beings. However, I also felt happy for the environment and the compensation to the mother earth. The natural environment looked fresher and the mother earth got some relief. To tell you the truth, I could see the snow-capped mountains from my house in the clear atmosphere. There was no movement of the vehicles and no operation of the factories.

The second phase of lockdown was not a new thing because it was something I had already experienced before. So just like the first lockdown, my second lockdown went on. Again after several months, I was in the last trimester of the grade 9. Things started to get normal and people started to get to their work again. The scientists said that the virus was still not gone. We managed to live with the virus normally which we thought wouldn't affect us anymore. All in all, my experience during the lockdown offered a distinct feeling which the world had never thought. 

Graffiti is a form of visual art in painting which communicates various messages portrayed in public places by some clubs, or cultural groups of people. Many people associate graffiti with gang-related symbols or phrases, and they do not approve of it. These are painted on walls at public places. It is important for us to recognize that not all graffiti falls under this category. Some of the graffiti are unrelated to gangs and they hold deep meanings and purposes, such as cultural history and signs. In other words, graffiti refers to an image or text painted on the walls or sides of buildings without proper permission. It’s been around for a long period of time, and is usually done within the public view. The Italian word ‘graffiti’ originally came from the  word “graffiato” that means scratched. Today, graffiti encompasses a wide range of artistic expression. While some graffiti is still connected to gang culture and vandalism, most modern graffiti art is meant for aesthetic appeal and self-expression rather than territorial  marking. Brilliantly colorful and stunningly complex pieces are created with advanced techniques like stenciling, stickers, posters, and 3D lettering.

Graffiti art in Nepal has transformed from traditional religious paintings to contemporary street art addressing social issues. Ancient wall paintings in the Kathmandu Valley visualized Hindu and Buddhist stories through spiritual imagery passed down over generations. However, after multiparty democracy emerged in Nepal in the 1990s, political posters and slogans appeared, reclaiming public spaces. Vibrant artistic graffiti only bloomed across Kathmandu after 2000 as artists adopted global styles.

Unlike the collective narratives of traditional wall art, modern Nepali graffiti highlights pressing societal concerns like gender inequality, health crises, and corruption using individualistic aesthetics. Some graffiti contains abstract shapes and patterns meant for self-expression. While very little formal research on Nepali graffiti exists, its cultural significance lies in providing marginalized voices a democratic platform for free public expression. The subject matter of modern Nepali graffiti shifted from religious topics to relevant social issues like inequality, health crises, and political corruption. The graffiti works display individualistic aesthetics, innovative techniques, and creative approaches to public art. 

Nepal's graffiti reflects shifting youth culture and identities influenced by globalization. It artistically blends old and new, echoing history while pioneering self-expression. Traditional religious motifs fuse with modern perspectives, capturing Nepal's dynamic living culture. Graffiti persists as visual storytelling, conveying the creativity and hopes of the Nepali people. More exploration of Nepal's graffiti culture is needed, but this new folk art genre energizes public spaces as an evolving form of artistic freedom.

Overall, the evolution from religious wall paintings to socially-conscious artistic graffiti displays Nepal’s broader cultural transformation. Graffiti carries forward the practice of visual storytelling for the people, conveying new forms of creativity, identity, and aspirations. The folk art form dynamically reinterprets Nepal’s living culture for the modern era.

शिक्षा नै सबथोक हो । मानव जीवनमा शिक्षा महत्त्वपूर्ण विषय हो । शिक्षा भनेको मानिसलाई पूर्ण बनाउने तत्त्व हो । शिक्षा विभिन्न किसिमका हुन्छन् । शिक्षा औपचारिक/अनौपचारिक, साधारण, व्यक्गित र प्रत्यक्ष/अप्रत्यक्ष गरी चार प्रकारका हुन्छन् । नेपालमा प्रचीन कालमा शिक्षा त्यत्ति विकास भएको थिएन । प्रविधिसँग सम्बन्धित भएर हासिल गरिने व्यावसायिक ज्ञानलाई प्राविधिक शिक्षा भनिन्छ । विद्यालयमा विद्यार्थीलाई प्रयोगात्मक कार्य गराई सिप, कला सिकाउनु नै प्राविधिक शिक्षा हो । प्राविधिक शिक्षा भन्नाले विज्ञान तथा प्रविधिसम्बन्धी आवश्यक ज्ञान र सिप बुझिन्छ ।

प्रारम्पारिक शिक्षाअन्तर्गत शिक्षाको ज्ञान मात्र हुन्छ तर प्राविधिक शिक्षाले व्यवहारिक ज्ञान र कौशल प्रदान गर्छ । प्राविधिक शिक्षाले योग्यता र क्षमता पनि बढाउछ । यदि मानिसमा प्राविधिक ज्ञान भएमा देशमा भएका स्रोत साधनको कहाँ र कसरी प्रयोग गर्ने भन्ने कुराको अवगत गराउँछ । नेपालको तुलनामा यो शिक्षा एकदमै कम मात्रामा छ । शिक्षा क्षेत्रमा लागेका व्यक्तिहरूमा व्यवसायिकरुपमा काम गर्ने सक्षम छैनन् । हाम्रो देशमा भएको स्रोतहरूको उपयोग गर्न नसकेका कारण विदेशबाट आयात गर्नु परेको हो । त्यही कारणले नै स्वदेशीहरूको धन विदेशी परेको हो । देशमा बेरोजगार तथा युवाशक्ति अभाव भएको छ । देशको ठुलो युवा जनशक्ति सस्तो मूल्यमा विदेशिन बाध्य भएका छन् । प्राचीन कालको शिक्षा साघुँरो क्षेत्रमा सीमित थियाे तर एक्काइसौँ शताब्दीमा पुग्दा मानिसहरूका इच्छा आकाङ्क्षा बढेका छन् र प्राचीन कालको शिक्षाले ती सबै इच्छा आकाङ्क्षा पुरा गर्न सक्दैन । ती सबै शिक्षकमा मात्रै सीमित हुन्छ तर प्राविधिक शिक्षा हासिल गरेमा हामीलाई व्यवहारिक पनि बनाउँछ । प्राविधिक शिक्षाअन्तर्गत भूगोल, भौतिक शास्त्र, विज्ञान र जीव विज्ञानको अध्ययन पर्दछ । हवाइजहाज, रेल, इन्टरनेट पनि यसै प्राविधिक शिक्षाअन्तर्गत पर्दछन् । उच्च शिक्षा मात्र नभई विद्यावारिधिसम्म गरेकोमा आवश्यक सिकाइको सिप, कला प्राप्त नभई विदेशिनु परेको छ । हाम्रो देशमा विद्यमान बेरोजगारी समस्या हल गर्न र समाजलाई सुव्यवस्थित बनाउन प्राविधिक शिक्षामो आवश्यक छ । प्राविधिक शिक्षा दिने विद्यालय एवम् विश्व विद्यालय बढाउनुपर्छ । व्यक्तिको रोजाइ र रुचिअनुसारको सिप र काम सरकारले उपलब्ध गराउन प्रयास गर्नुपर्छ । प्राविधिक शिक्षाले रोजगारीका अवसरहरू प्राप्त गर्न सहजता प्रदान गर्नुपर्छ । घरमा बालबालिकालाई इच्छा र आवश्यकताअनुसार पढाउदा उपयुक्त हुन्छ । विद्यार्थीले आफ्नो क्षमता र इच्क्षाअनुसार अघि बढेमा उनीहरूको पनि भविष्य उज्ज्वल हुन्छ । प्राविधिक शिक्षाले आत्म सिकाइ र स्वतन्त्रतालाई प्रोत्साहित गर्छ । जसले रोजगारीको पनि सिर्जना गर्छ । उदाहरणका लागि यदि हामीसँग कुनै वस्तुको बारेमा व्यवहारिक वा प्राविधिक शिक्षा छ भने हामीले सजिलै रोगजार प्राप्त गर्न सक्छौँ । रोजगारका लागि विदेशिनु पर्दैन स्वदेशमै बसी आफुले सिकेको ज्ञान र सिपको प्रयोग गर्न सक्छौ । कुनै पनि कार्य सानो र ठुलो भन्ने हुँदैन । प्राविधिक शिक्षा प्रदान गर्न विद्यालयको सङ्ख्या बढाउनुपर्छ र सबै क्षेत्रमा विद्ययालयको पहुच पनि गराउनुपर्छ । यदि हाम्रो देशले प्राविधिक/व्यfवहारिक सिपमा जोड दिन सकेकोमा हाम्रो देश वृद्धि हुन्छ । प्राविधिक शिक्षाले प्रत्यक्ष तथा अप्रत्यक्ष रुपमा देश विकासमा मद्दत गरीरहेको हुन्छ । अहिलेको जमाना विद्युत र प्रविधिको जमाना हो त्यसैले हामीलाई प्राविधिक तथा व्यवहारिक शिक्षाको नै आवश्यकता हुन्छ । प्राचीन कालको शिक्षाले अहिको सबै समस्याको हल गर्न सकिदैन ।

अब सरकारले प्रत्यक जिल्लामा बहुप्राविधिक शिक्षालय स्थापना गर्न एकदमै जरुरी छ । देश बनाउन युवाहरूको सक्रिय र रचनात्मक भूमिका रहन्छ । हालको शिक्षा प्रणाली परिमार्जन गरी प्राविधिक विषयलाई जोड दिन सकेमा देश विकास हुने छ । हालको समयमा प्राविधिक शिक्षा अति आवश्यक देखिन्छ । प्रयोगात्मक, गुणस्तरीय र रोजगार उन्मुख बनाउँदै लैजानुपर्छ । यही शिक्षाका कारण दैनिक जीवनमा आइपर्ने चुनौती सहज हुन्छ । समाजमा रहेका गलत संस्कार र मान्यताहरू साथसाथै समस्याको जरा उखेल्ने शिक्षा आवश्यक हुन्छ । 

एक अर्काको चिन्ता गर्नी नेपाली हामी

वेशभूषा हाम्रो राम्रो लाग्छ कति धेरै दामी

सगरमाथाको चुच्चो शान्तिको देश नामी

भाषा, संस्कृति अनेकौँ मिली बसेको नेपाली हामी

अनेकौँ भाषा हाम्रो अनेकौँ छ संस्कृति

शान्ति फैलाउने देश शान्ति नै हाम्रा निधि

नयाँ हाम्रो सोच गरि नयाँ नयाँ कृति

कसैलाई नराम्रो नहोस् सबै गर्छन् माया प्रिती

दशैं, तिहार मनाऔँ रमाऔँ नेपालीपनमा

देश र एकअर्काको उत्ति कै माया हाम्रो मनमा

सफा सोच र खुशी सब नेपालीको आँगनमा

जडिबुटी र चराचुरुङ्गी हाम्रो हरियो वनमा

नेपाली हाम्री देश नै राम्रो यसैमा रमाऔँ

विदेशी पनि फर्किनछन् भूमि सम्जी आफ्नै गाउँ

संस्कृति हाम्रा झनै राम्रा आजै रमाउन जानू

देश चै हाम्रो आमा हाम्रो वन जङ्गल चाहिँ बाबु

म मात्र हैन अरु नि यो पनमा रामाउने छन्

देश यो हाम्रो अगाडि झुक्छौँ समाई हाम्रो मन

देश नै झन हरियो वन नेपालको हो नि धन

दशैं, तिहार मनाऔँ रमाऔँ नेपाली पन