आखिर के हो समय ?
भूत , वर्तमान र भविष्यत्
कि जीवनलाई चलाउने जीवन चक्र ?
प्रश्नको जबाफ हामी मानवभित्र
सधैँ उठिरहने ……
आखिर के हो जीवन ?
सास फेर्नु र छोड्नु मात्र
कि सफलताको शिखर छुनु
प्रश्नको जबाफ सधैँ हामीभित्र …….
आखिर के हो सफलता ?
पैसा र धन कमाउनु
कि जिन्दगीको लक्ष्यलाई समात्नु
प्रश्नको जबाफ सधैँ म भित्र……
आखिर के हो लक्ष्य ?
डाक्टर, इन्जिनियर वा यस्तै यस्तै…….
कि आफूलाई मनपर्ने पेसा
प्रश्नको जबाफ सबैलाई सधैँ भरि ……
Children love playing games and sometimes they get so much into it that they forget about their other responsibilities. Yes they have to learn to prioritize what is and what is not important. But I think just because someone does not get good grades does not mean that we can take away something they are passionate about. As everyone is born different and has different skills we should not think that everyone will pursue the same goals. No one can do the same task for long periods of time. We all need variety and just like that the students also need variation they cannot be studying 24/7. While playing sports they have fun, learn many skills and their body gets the exercise it needs.
Parents take away privileges like going out with friends, electronic devices and going on trips, when the child does not get good grades and that is a good thing as the child learns their lesson and understands that he has to work to get the things he wants. But when a child is in a sports club or team and parents take their child out of it because they think that it will remove the distraction and give them more time for study or just because they want to give their child punishment for their bad grades. It is bad for the child as this teaches them that they can break the commitments they made with the sports club when they joined it, and they will not be able to learn discipline, hard work and what winning or losing feels like as these are the basic things that are taught at the field.
Second, their health will start to degrade as their physical activities will start to decrease and they will have no way to give their body the proper exercise that it needs to function properly and if they are passionate about the sport then they might be able to make a good future with it. Parents have to understand a good future cannot only be made by studying hard and getting a degree. If a child is passionate about something and the parents help the child grow their skills in that thing then the child will be able to make a very bright future from it. And even if the kid is playing it because they want to then sports teaches us things like physical skills, the importance and value of teamwork, to be self confident and that only those who put work into something are rewarded. Yes school grades are important and everyone should aim for high grades as school teaches us most of the important important lessons and many things that we learn will come in handy in the future. However, when their child gets bad grades the parents should try to help the child in the subject they’re good at and not take away their privileges from doing something that is beneficial for them.
मैले छोरालाई सुस्केरा हाल्दै भनेँ । "मैले तिमीलाई धेरै पटक भनेको छु, बेलुका आठ बजेपछि बाहिर नबस । मलाई थाहा थियो कि मैले भनेका कुराको उसले वास्ता गर्दैन । तर पनि ऊ सुरक्षित रहोस् भन्ने चाहन्छु । “बलात्कारका घटना धेरै भएका छन् । बलत्कारका घटना मात्र पनि हाेइन, आजभाेलि अन्य अपराधका घटनाहरू पनि घटेका समचार सुनिन्छन् । उसैमा राती हिँड्ने समय पनि हाेइन, के…सम्झाउनु तिमीलाई मेराे कुरा सुने पाे ।”
"आमा, केटाहरू बलात्कार हुन सक्दैनन्, धेरै चिन्ता नगर्नुहोस् । कसैले पुरुषलाई बलत्कार गरेको सुनेको छैन ।" छोराले भन्यो ।
अलिकति शङ्का लाग्यो तर ऊ शिक्षित थियो । म कहिल्यै विद्यालय गएको छैन । यो विषयको बारेमा खासै थाहा थिएन । जनताले बोल्ने सबै बलात्कारका घटना महिलामा आधारित छन्। मेरो छोरालाई पूर्ण रूपमा मैले विश्वास गरिन । उसले मलाई रिसाएर हेर्यो र माथि आफ्नो कोठामा गयो । मैले जीवनलाई झण्डै छाडिसकेको थिएँ । श्रीमानकाे मृत्यु भएदेखि कुनै पनि कुरा राम्राे भएकाे छैन । हाम्रो विवाहको दस वर्षपछि क्यान्सरका कारण उनको मृत्यु भयो । कुनै पनि साथी वा परिवारसँग कुरा गर्न नसक्दा मलाई साँच्चै अति नै मानसिक पीडा सहन गर्नु पर्याे । मसँग मात्र मेरो बच्चा थियो र ऊ पाँच वर्षको थियो । उसलाई गुमाएमा सबै कुरा गुमाउँछु जस्तो लाग्यो । ऊ नै मेराे जीवन अर्थात् प्राण थियाे । तर,उसको बाहिर जाने बानीले मलाई अत्याधिक चिन्तित बनाउँथ्याे।
ऊ आफ्नाे काेठामा गएर माेबाइलमा नै व्यस्त हुन्छ । "मेरी आमा किन यति धेरै चिन्ता गर्नुहुन्छ ?" छोराले आफ्नाे साथीलाई म्यासेज गर्दै भन्यो । "मलाई थाहा छैन । मलाई लाग्छ तिम्री आमाले तिमीलाई धेरै माया गर्नुहुन्छ । उहाँसँग तिमी मात्र छौ।"साथीकाे कुराले मलाई आमाकाे बारेमा धेरै कुरा साेच्न बाध्य बनायाे । बुबाको मृत्युपछि आमा एक्लो महसुस गर्नुहुन्छ। मलाई उहाँसँग कसरी बोल्ने थाहा छैन । मलाई थाहा छैन, म के गल्ती गर्दैछु । मैले माेबाइल चलाउन बन्द गरेर सुत्न गएँ । भोलिपल्ट सबै ठिक थियो । आमा आफ्नो काममा गइन् । छोरा आफ्नो विद्यालय गयो । आमा घर आएपछि समाचार सुन्न टेलिभिजन खोलिन् । सुरूमै ठुलाे अक्षरमा एक पन्ध्र वर्षको केटा बलात्कृत भएको खबर लेखिएको थियो । यसमा कुनै गल्ती थिएन । उनी डराइन्, आफ्नो फोन खोलिन् । फाेन गर्न खाेजेकाे नम्बर बन्द थियो । खबर बुझ्दै गर्दा उनको छोरो नै बलात्कृत भएको रहेछ । अन्त्यमा मारिएको रहेछ।
उनको छोरालाई विश्वास थियो कि कसैले पुरुषलाई बलात्कार गर्न सक्दैन । समाजका धेरै मानिसहरूले यस्तै कुरा सोच्छन् तर यो सत्य होइन । यस्ता कुराहरूमा विश्वास गर्नुअघि सधैँ तथ्यहरू खोज्ने । केही मानिसहरूले समलिङ्गी मानिसहरूलाई नराम्रो व्यवहार गर्छन्। यसले समलिङ्गी मानिसहरूलाई निराश/मानसिक रूपमा अस्थिर बनाउँछ । त्यस्तै पुरुषहरू बलियो हुनु र महिलाहरू कमजोर हुनुको मनाेविज्ञान सबै ठाउँमा सत्य हुँदैनन्। धेरै पुरुषहरू बलात्कृत भएका घटना बाहिर आएका हुँदैन् । मानिसहरूले "तिमी पुरुष हाै, तिमी बलियो हुनुपर्छ।" भन्छन्।
On May 7, 1861, Rabindranath Tagore was born in Calcutta, India. Rich landowner and social reformer Dwarkanath Tagore was his grandpa. The Brahmo Samaj, a new religious movement in nineteenth-century Bengal that sought to revive the supreme monistic foundation of Hinduism as outlined in the Upanishads, was led by his father, Debendranath Tagore. In every field, the Tagore family was a gold mine of ability. In addition to hosting literary magazine publications, they frequently presented theater performances and recitals of Bengali and Western classical music. The father of Tagore invited a number of seasoned musicians to remain at the residence and instruct the kids in Indian Classical music.
Dwijendranath, Tagore's elder brother, was a poet and philosopher. The first Indian to be appointed to the hitherto all-European Indian Civil Service was another brother named Satyendranath. Jyotitindranath, another brother, was a writer, composer, and musician. His sister Swarnakumari went on to publish novels.
Oriental Seminary School served as Rabindra Nath Tagore's first place of formal education. But he disliked the traditional curriculum and began taking classes at home from other teachers. His siblings primarily instructed him in literature as well as in sports like gymnastics and martial arts. Gandhi, the political founder of modern India, was a close friend of Tagore. He occasionally took part in the Indian nationalist struggle, though in his own non-emotional and visionary style.
Rabindranath Tagore founded Visva Bharati University in 1921 and donated all of his Nobel Prize and book royalties to this institution. Tagore was well-versed in Western culture, particularly its poetry and sciences. In a 1930 argument about the then-emerging concepts of quantum mechanics and chaos, Tagore was able to hold his own because of his solid understanding of current, post-Newtonian physics. Meetings and recorded talks with his contemporaries, including H.G. Wells and Albert Einstein, best illustrate his intelligence.
As one of the designers of contemporary India, Tagore eventually gained recognition. Tagore was primarily a poet, while writing successfully in many literary forms. Manasi (1890) (The Ideal One), Sonar Tari (1894) (The Golden Boat), Gitanjali (1910) (Song Offerings), Gitimalya (1914) (Wreath of Songs), and Balaka (1916) are a few of his fifty or so volumes of poetry (The Flight of Cranes). The Gardener (1913), Fruit-Gathering (1916), and The Fugitive (1921) are only a few of the English translations of his poems that don't always correspond to specific Bengali volumes. The four major plays of Tagore are Raja (1910), The King of the Dark Chamber, Dakghar (1912), Achalayatan (1912), The Immovable, Muktadhara (1922), and Red Oleanders (1926).
Rabindranath Tagore altered the perception of Bengali literature by leaving readers with a lasting impression.Many nations have statues of him and hold numerous annual events as a way to honor the illustrious author.Thanks to a large number of translations by numerous renowned worldwide authors, many of his works have become widely known.Five museums are devoted to Tagore. The remaining two are in Bangladesh, while the other three are located in India. Millions of people visit the museums each year where his well-known pieces are on display.
Tagore passed away on August 7, 1941, in the same mansion where he was raised, after a protracted period of agony.
Reference:
Clearias Team, “Rabindranath Tagore:Biography”.Clear IAS February 20, 2022
https://www.clearias.com/rabindranath-tagore/
Video games have been a thing from 1958. Back then the games were usually light hearted and involved less brutality and violence. After an arcade game named death race got popular for its violence the popularity of violent games increased. Aggression is any behavior that aims to physically hurt a person or an animal. Aggression has been observed in humans and animals for many years. Aggression stems from stress, fear and anger and it is common in social animals.
Till today, there has been no evidence of violent video games making people more aggressive. Violence has been prevalent long before the first “violent video game” was even aired in arcades, though there have been studies that prove that the people who are born in a violent environment tend to be more aggressive, it is different from video games as video games are separated from reality and our consciousness knows that the violence these violent video games presents is not real. Same goes for TV shows and movies. But as the video games we play today have become more realistic and more immersive it can make an individual more aggressive but as said before there is no real evidence to back this claim up.
But this does not mean that violent video games do not cause an impact on our mental health. These types of video games can lead to addiction and separation from the real world by being deposited on video games. This can also cause health issues in the physical body if we play for long hours and can also result in long term injuries. Researchers have shown that people who play more FPS (First Person Shooter) video games are able to imagine 3D objects than an average person who does not play first person shooter video games. A study also shows that professional FPS gamers have faster reaction time. It also contributes to our teamwork, skills and our ability to work in a group, critical thinking, creativity, visual memory and strategizing. Research also proves that people who play video games have a better time processing information in a short period of time and also increases our visual memory.
In conclusion, there has been no real evidence that backs up this claim but there are some bad traits of playing video games for an extended period of time. Playing video games for an adequate amount of time can result in being beneficial from it.
नेपालमा अहिलेको समयमा धेरै नयाँनयाँ संगीतकारहरू अघि आएका छन्न् र आफ्नो पहिचान आफैँले बनाउन सफल भएका छन्न् । नेपाली सांगीतिक क्षेत्रलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा पुर्याउन पनि उहाँहरू सफल हुनुभएकाे छ । त्यस्तै नेपालको एक प्रख्यात र साह्रै राम्रो संगीतकार रूपमा विवेक वाइबा लामा पनि हुनुहुन्छ । उनको जन्म वि.सं. २०५१ कार्तिक १७ भएको थियो । उनकी आमा अस्पतालमा काम गर्छिन् र उनका बुबा विशेष शिक्षा सञ्चालन गरेकाे विद्यालयका बस चालक भएर काम गर्थे । उनकाे परिवार मध्यम वर्गीय परिवार हाे । उनको परिवारमा विवेक,उनका दाजु र आमाबुबा हुनुहुन्छ । उनको परिवारलाई पैसाको धेरै अभाव थिएन तर पनि सानो सानो समस्या त हुने गर्थ्याे । उनको बुबाकाे स्वभाव कडा भएकाले मन पर्दैन थियाे । तर आमा भने सबभन्दा मिल्ने साथीजस्तै हुनुहुन्थ्याे । आफ्नी आमासँग भने सबै कुरा भन्ने गर्थे । उनलाई सानैदेखि सङ्गीतमा रुचि थियो र सधैँ उनको स्वरको प्रशंसा हुने गर्थ्याे । एक दिन उनी विद्यालयमा प्रधानाध्यापकले बाल कार्यक्रममा भाग लिने सुझाव दिनुभयाे र त्यसपछि उनले रेडियो नेपालमा अडिसन दिन्छन् र उनी छनोट पनि हुन्छन् । उनले रेडियो नेपालमा गीत पनि गाउँछन् । गीत गाउँदा एक हजार रुपैयाँ पनि पाउँछन् । त्यसपछि उनी सङ्गीत सिक्न जोड दिन्छन् । उनले गितार बजाउन भने आफैँ सिक्छन् ।सङ्गीत सिकेपछि उनले विद्यालयमा उनले गितार बजाउने गर्थे । उनको साङ्गीतिक जीवन अगाडि बढाउँदै लिने क्रममा नेपालकाे रियालिटी साे भ्वाइस अफ नेपालमा जान्छन् । उनी ब्लाइन्ड अडिसन हुँदै सेमिफाइनलसम्मकाे यात्रा पुग्छन् । उनले भ्वाइस अफ नेपालले गर्दा उनको साङ्गीतिक जीवन राम्रो भएको भनेर मान्ने गर्छन् । उनले भ्वाइसअफ नेपालमा गएर गीतको बारेमा धेरै कुरा सिकेका छन् । उनले त्यसपछि अरूले गाएको गीतलाई फेरि आफैँले गाएर युटुबमा हाल्ने गर्थे । तर पनि उनलाई अरूले गाएको गीत गाएर प्रसिद्ध भएको कुराले मन खुसी थिएन र उनलाई मानिसहरूले अरूले गाएको गीतको नामबाट चिनिने गर्थे तर उनलाई आफ्नो गीतबाट चिनिने रहन हुन्छ । उनले आफ्नो पहिलो सङ्गीत क्लस एक्स प्रेसेन्टएसनमा हस्ताक्षर भएपछि पहिलो डेब्यु गीत किन थियो र पहिलो रिलिज भएकाे गीत भने लइ बरी लई थियो । उनका अरू प्रख्यात गीतहरू एक्लै जिउन सिके, सायदजस्ता गीतहरू प्रख्यात् छन् । उनले अझै पनि राम्रा राम्रा गीतहरू गाउँदै गएका छन् ।उनले आफ्नो एउटा लुगालाई आफ्नो तरिकाले डिजाइन गरेर बेच्ने गर्छन् । उनी एक राम्रो सङ्गीतकार मात्र नभएर एक सहयाेगी मान्छे पनि हुन् । उनी कहिले पनि अरूकाे नराम्रो सोच्दैनन् र सधैँ अरूलाई सहयोग गर्न अगि बढ्छन् ।
मैले एक सेलिब्रिटी मात्र नभएर एक साधारण मानिसको रूपमा पनि थोरै भए पनि चिनेकी छु । उहाँलाई म दाजु भनेर बाेलाउने गर्छु । उनले सधैँ मसँग राम्ररी बोल्ने र मसँग राम्रो व्यवहार गर्छन् । नेपालमा मात्र नभएर दुबै, जापान, अष्ट्रेलिया जस्तै ठाउँहरूमा पनि कन्सर्ट गरेका छन् । उनले भर्खरै विदेशी सङ्गीतकार जेसन डेरुलोसँग पनि काम गरेका छन् । उनले सधैँ नेपाली सङ्गीतलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रियस्तरसम्म पुर्याउने कुरा गर्छन् र उनले धेरै मिहिनेत पनि गर्दैछन् । उनले क्लस यक्स प्रेसेन्टएसनमा अरू अन्य नयाँ आउँदै गरेका सङ्गीतकार तथा गायककारहरूलाई पनि बाटो देखाउन सहयोग गर्छन् । उनी साह्रै रमाइलो गर्ने मान्छे हुन् ।
मैले कुनै यस्तो राम्रो र नम्र मान्छे भेटेको थिइन । उनको सङ्गीतले मलाई पनि गाह्रो भएको समयमा सहयोग गरेको पनि छ । उनले कलाकारहरूको न्यायको लागि र उनीहरूसँग हुने दुर्व्यवहार भएको कुराको आवज पनि उठाउने गरेका छन् । मलाई यस्ताे लाग्छ नेपालले एक असल, सहयाेगी र कुशल सङ्गीतकार प्राप्त गर्दा गाैरव महसुस गरेकी छु ।
Pushpa Basnet is a famous personality and a role model renowned for her social and non-profit work. A savior of children behind the bars for no reason. Pushpa Basnet is the founder of the Early Childhood Development Centre (ECDC). She was born in 1984 in Kathmandu. She graduated from St. Xavier’s College. She started her career at the age of 21. As part of her college assignment, she visited the women's prison in Kathmandu. There in the prison she was concerned when she saw children living with their parents in the jail. Then she decided to start an organization.
In 2005 she started a non-profit organization Early Childhood Development Center (ECDC) to provide a program to the children. During the 2015 earthquake, the building where the daycare was located collapsed as well as the Butterfly Home that was going under construction. But again on 3rd February 2016, she opened a residential home for kids as a day care for them also known as butterfly home. In the residential home, children get to play, go to school, and have a normal childhood like any other children. This also gives hope and motivation to the parents to continue to provide the children with the same treatment once they are out of the prison. Her organization focuses on children reuniting with their families. Till now, she has provided shelter to more than 100 children of imprisoned parents. She runs a day care center for the prison children and a residential home for older ones. Recognizing her effort many local organizations have pledged their help to raise funds for her social work. Major donations for ECDC have come from Shikshya Foundation Nepal and Sundar Sansar. In 2012, a local organization helped to raise 370,000 rupees for her organization through various national and international donation programs. In 2009 she started a program to coach parents to make handicrafts inside the prison. The main objective of the program was to make the female prisoners involved in income generating activities through which they could continue their livelihood and contribute towards their children. Her organization coordinates with prison administrators to rescue children behind bars throughout urban and rural areas of Nepal. She has contributed a lot for the childrens and old people. She was awarded with CNN Hero award 2012 on 2 December, 2012. In the interview with CNN she said "It's not fair for children to live in the prison because they haven't done anything wrong. My mission is to make sure no child grows up behind prison walls”. Since her 20’s Pushpa Basnet has been contributing for not only children but for the whole society. She has been the role model for the teenagers to help in social work. She has been a strong woman to fight for the children. Undoubtedly she is not only CNN’s but our hero as well.
References
(“ECDC”,Early Childhood Development Center)
https://ecdcnepal.org/pushpas-journey
“Pushpa Basnet: “No child should have to grow up behind bars.”” Nepal Live Today, 18 September 2021, https://www.nepallivetoday.com/2021/09/18/pushpa-basnet-no-child-should-have-to-grow-up-behind-bars/. Accessed 28 November 2022.
हिजो मैले धेरै गृहकार्य गर्नु थियो । त्यसैले स्कुलबाट घर फर्किने बित्तिकै मैले गृहकार्य गर्न थालेँ । राती १२ बजेसम्म सक्छु र त्यसपछि मात्र सुताैँला भन्ने आशामा धेरै छिटो छिटाे लेख्न थालेँ । मैले आठ विषयका गृहकार्य गर्नु थियाे । ती मध्ये एउटा गृहकार्य पूरा गर्न कम्तिमा २ घण्टा खर्च गर्नुपर्थ्यो । एउटा विषयकाे गृहकार्य पूरा गर्न त लगभग ३ घण्टा खर्च गर्नु परेकाे थियाे । राति ११ बजेसम्म मेरा आँखा बन्द गरेर सुत्न तयार थिए । तर पनि म लेखिरहेँ । राति ११ः४५ बजेसम्म मेरो शरीर पनि सुत्न तयार भइसकेको थियो तर म जागिरहन बाध्य भएँ । धेरै घण्टासम्म लेखेपछि मेरो औँलाहरू सुन्निन थालेका थिए । मेरो हात दुखिरहेको थियो । मेरो ढाड पनि दुखिरहेको थियो । यति धेरै समयसम्म राती बसेकाे पहिलाेपल्ट थियाे । एकै स्थितिमा बसेका कारणले। तर म लेखिरहेँ ।
मलाई पटक्कै लेख्न मन लागेन । म गएर ओछ्यानमा सुत्न चाहन्थेँ, तर शिक्षककाे डरले मैले लेखिरहेँ । मेरो सातौं गृहकार्य लगभग सकिसकेपछि मेराे सबै गृहकार्य सकियाे भनेर ढुक्क भएँ । गृहकार्य पूरा गरेपछि म सुत्न गएँ । भोली बिहान उठेर हेर्दा घडीमा त ८:०० पाे बजेको रहेछ । मैले छिटो छिटो सबै कुरा तयार पारेर स्कूल हिडेँ। स्कूलमा म आनन्दले बसिरहेकाे थिएँ । पहिलो कक्षा सुरु भयो। गुरुले सबैजनालाई गृहकार्य माग्दै हुनुहुन्थ्यो। मैले गृहकार्य सबै गरेको छु भन्नेमा ढुक्क थिएँ । कापी खोलेर हेर्दा त गृहकार्य नै थिएन। आफैँ झसँग भएँ । हिजो राति सातौँ विषयकाे गृहकार्य सक्काउँदा सक्काउँदै आठौँ गृहकार्य त गर्नै बिर्सेछु।
मैले गुरुलाई सबै साँचो कुरा भने र गृहकार्य गर्न बिर्सेको कुरा सुनाएँ । गुरुकाे मुख पुरै रातो भयो । “गृहकार्य गर्न बिर्सेँ रे ? भात ख़ान कहिले बिर्सिन्छस् ? हँ ! “ बिर्सिन्न गुरु ” मैले सोझो रूपमा जवाफ दिएँ। “अनि गृहकार्य गर्न किन बिर्सिस् त ?” गुरुले अझ ठुलो स्वरमा कराएर भन्नुभयो । मैले गुरुलाई हिजो कति धेरै गृहकार्य थियाे, गरेँ भन्ने ठानेकाे बिर्सेछु भने ।गुरुले भन्नुभयाे, “अरू विषयहरूको गृहकार्यले मलाई के ? मलाई मेरो विषयकाे गृहकार्य चाहियाे । जा बाहिर गएर कान समातेर उभिने, हिंस्रक जनावरकाे जस्तो रिसाएको मुख देखेर र जिउ नै थर्किने गरी कराएकाे आवाज सुनेर कान छाेप्दै म चुपचाप बाहिर गएँ । मेराे मनमा पनि एक तमासकाे रिस उत्पन्न भयाे । आफैँ बरबराउन थालेँ ।
“भात ख़ान पनी कसैले बिर्सिन्छ र ? भात खाएन भने मानिस कसरी बाँच्छ र ? बाँच्न पो भात खाइन्छ त । मान्छे नै बाँचेन भने गृहकार्य चै मेरो भूतले गर्छ ? भात खानु र गृहकार्य गर्नुमा कति भिन्नता छ ? शिक्षकहरूले सधैँ यो कारण दिएर गाली गर्नुहुन्छ । केही बोल्न खोज्यो भने उल्टै मुखमुखै लाग्छस् भनि गाली गर्नुहुन्छ। शिक्षकहरूले हामीलाई बोल्नै नदिएपछि कसरी हामीलाई ठुलो भएपछि आफ्नो लागि बोल्न सक्छाैँ । भात खाएन भने पो मरिन्छ त, गृहकार्य गरेन भने मरिन्छ त ? के मलाई एक दिन गृहकार्य गरेन भनि रोग लाग्छ र ? बाँच्नुपर्छ त्यसैले पो भात खान बिर्सिन्न त। झन् कहिले काहीँ त गृहकार्य गर्दागर्दै भात खान पनि बिर्सेकाे अवस्था छ । अनि हिजो त मैले भात खान पनि बिर्सेको थिएँ। बाहिर बसेर रिसको झोकमा मैले यही कुराहरू गुरुलाई भनेको कल्पना गर्दै थिएँ ।
गुफा नेवारी परम्परामा एउटा कन्या केटी जसको महिनावारी भएको छैन उसलाई बाह्राैँ दिनसम्म एउटा अँध्याराे काेठामा बन्द गरिन्छ । त्यो कोठामा घामको किरण पनि छिर्नु हुँदैन । बाह्र दिनपछि त्यो कन्या केटीलाई सूर्यसँग बिहे गरिदिन्छन् । गुफालाई सूर्य दर्शन पनि भनिन्छ । हामी नेवार्नीहरूको दोस्रो विवाह पनि हो । सूर्य कहिल्यै नमर्ने भएकाले गुफा पूरा गरिसकेकी नेवारी समुदायकी बालिकाकाे आफ्नो वास्तविक श्रीमानको मृत्यु भए पनि कहिल्यै विधवा बन्न सक्दैनन् भन्ने मान्यता पनि रहिआएकाे छ । केटीको महिनावारी सुरु हुनुभन्दा अघि अनिवार्य रूपमा सूर्यसँग विवाह गराउनुपर्छ । सूर्यसँग विवाह गरेपछि बालिकालाई खराब मानिसहरू र पुरुषहरूबाट बचाउँछ भन्ने जनविश्वास रहेकाे छ ।
पहिलो दिन सगुन दिएर भित्र्याइन्छ । हामीले त्याे समयमा आफ्ना दाजुभाइ र बाबालाई हेर्न मिल्दैन । दोस्राे दिन पनि केही गरिदैन, तेस्रो, चौथो दिन पनि केही गरिदैन, छैटाैँ दिनदेखि घरबाट फेरि सगुन दिने चलन छ र त्यसपछि आफन्तहरू केही खाने कुरा पकाएर या केही सामान्य भाेज जस्तै गरेर भेट्न आउँछन् । चामलको पिठो तोरीको तेलमा मिसाएर शरीरमा लगाउँछन् । त्यसलाई “को” भनिन्छ । कसैकाे पुतली बारापासा राख्छन् भने कसैकाे राख्दैनन् । एघाराैँ दिनमा चाहिँ मामाघरबाट भोज पकाएर ल्याउनुपर्छ । जुन लुगा लगाएर गुफा बसेको हुन्छ त्यो लुगा हामीले फाल्नुपर्छ । हामीले फेरि त्यही लगाउन मिल्दैन । बाह्राैँ दिनको बेला बेहुलीजस्तो बनाएर कोठाबाट निकालिन्छ । बाह्र दिनको दिन परिवारका सदस्यकाे धेरै महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका हुन्छ । हामीले त्यो दिन सूर्य भगवानसँग विवाह गर्छाैँ र परिवारमा भएका सबैको आफ्नाे आफ्नाे भूमिका हुन्छ । बुबाआमा र हजुरआमाको सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका हुन्छ । हजुरआमाले गणेश र सूर्यको पूजा गर्दा, केटीकी निनीले वा गुफामा बसेको साथीले उनलाई बाह्र दिनमा छोपेर अँध्यारो कोठाबाट बाहिर निकाल्छन् । हामीले कुनै पनि सबभन्दा पहिले अरू केही नहेरेर सूर्यलाई हेर्नुपर्छ । सिन्दुर लगाएपछि विवाह भएको हो मानिन्छ । घरबाट र मामाघरबाट केटीलाई सगुन दिन्छन्।
गुफा राख्दा बालिकाको मृत्यु भएमा उसकाे लाशलाई घरभित्रै गाड्नुपर्ने र उसको आत्माले घरमा सदाको लागि सताउने गरेको बुझिन्छ। नेवारी समुदायमा यस्ता धेरै घटनाहरू भएका छन् र मानिसहरूले त्यस्ताे घटनालाई ‘बारासी’ भनेर नाम दिएका छन् । माथि उल्लेख गरिएअनुसार ‘बारा’ नेवारी परम्परा हो र नेवारी भाषामा ‘सी’ को अर्थ मरेको हो, त्यसैले यसको मूल अर्थ ‘बाराको समयमा मृत्यु भएको व्यक्ति’ हो । धेरै केटीहरूले यी १२ दिनहरूमा आफ्ना अनुभवहरू सुनाउँछन्,जस्तैः छायाँ देख्नु वा उनीहरूसँग कोठामा कोही छ भन्ने महसुस गर्नु । केटीहरूले आफ्नो कपालमा तेल लगाइदिएकाे र कपाल बाटिदिएकाे तर उनीहरूले चाल नै नपाएकाे कुरा सुनाउँछन् । कसैले त अनौठो आवाज पनि सुनेको अनुभव सुनाउने गरेका छन् । यी सबै कारणले गर्दा आजकल केटीहरूलाई केही भइहाल्छ कि भन्ने डरले मानिसहरू १२ दिनको सट्टा २-३ दिन मात्र गुफा राख्ने गरेका छन् ।
Like every other thing in this universe, stars also have their life cycle. The stars are formed from stellar nebulae when the gravitational pull becomes too big for it to withstand and it collapses. Then from the force of the collapse the material at the center heats ups and creates a prostar. It slowly heats up more and more and when it has enough heat it becomes a star. There are two types of stars that can be born from a stellar nebula, an average star and a massive star. But to learn about white dwarfs we only need to know about the average stars. These stars have a small amount of energy and they extinguish fast. After a few billion years the star becomes a red giant and grows to 800% of its original mass and starts burning fast for about 2 billion years. Then it runs out of gas and becomes a white dwarf. Red dwarfs and other smaller stars are unable to develop into red giants. They just exhaust all of their hydrogen, turning into a faint white dwarf in the process. No red dwarfs have yet evolved into white dwarfs due to the fact that it takes them trillions of years to exhaust their fuel, which is much longer than the universe's age of 13.8 billion years.
When stars like our sun have used up all of their fuel, what is left are white dwarfs. They are low and medium mass stars' final detectable stage of development and are dense, dim stellar corpses. According to NASA, a low or medium mass star with a mass less than around 8 times that of the sun will eventually turn into a white dwarf while the majority of large stars will eventually go supernova. According to astronomers, the Milky Way's stars will eventually turn into white dwarfs in about 97% of cases. Despite being far smaller in size than our sun, a white dwarf is similar to Earth in terms of carbon and oxygen mass, according to New Mexico State University (NMSU). Red dwarfs and other smaller stars are unable to develop into red giants. They just exhaust all of their hydrogen, turning into a faint white dwarf in the process. No red dwarfs have yet evolved into white dwarfs due to the fact that it takes them trillions of years to exhaust their fuel, which is much longer than the universe's age of 13.8 billion years.
When a star runs out of fuel, the fusion process no longer pushes the star outward, and the star collapses inward on itself. According to Cosmos, the astronomy encyclopedia from Swinburne University in Australia, white dwarfs have around the same radius as Earth but roughly the mass of the sun. They are only surpassed in density by neutron stars and black holes, making them some of the densest objects in space. NASA estimates that a white dwarf's surface has a gravity 350,000 times greater than Earth's. In other words, a person weighing 150 pounds (68 kilograms) on Earth would weigh 50 million pounds (22.7 million kg) on a white dwarf's surface.
“Don’t be afraid to dream big. Doesn’t matter where you are from.” - Nirmal Purja
Nirmal Purja AKA Nims Dai was born in a small village of Nepal called Dana in Myagdi District in July 1983 AD. He is a fearless and brave Nepali mountaineer who embarked on an “impossible” journey to summit all of the 14 peaks of 80,000 meters in the world in 7 months. [1] He lived in Dana with his three older brothers and their parents. When he was 4 years old, the family moved to Chitwan. His father was a Gurkha soldier while his mother came from a farming background. His parents belonged to different Nepali ethnic groups so their relationship was always disapproved of by the society. Struggling through financial difficulties and social pressure, Nirmal Purja was raised by his parents. [2] Since childhood, his dream was not to be a mountaineer but to be a Gurkha in the British army inspired by his father and brothers. His three older brothers were also Gurkha and they were the ones who had supported Purja to study in an English boarding school.
Finally his dream came true when he joined the Brigade of Gurkha in 2003 at the age of 18. Then after 6 years with the Gurkhas, he was transferred to the Royal Navy’s Special Boat Service (SBS) in 2009. [1] The main turn point in his life was when he fell in love with mountain climbing in 2012 after his journey to Everest Base Camp. After his love for mountain climbing grew, he resigned from SBS and focused on training for mountaineering. Then slowly he started to summit mountains like Lobutche, Dhaulagiri and Mount Everest. After climbing these mountains, he realized that he was good at altitude. Hence the idea of summiting 14 mountains in 7 months came to him. As everyone called his idea impossible, he named his project, “Project Possible”. And then started the preparations for his project. [2]
Purja is an exceptional mountaineer. His body can operate at extremely high levels, work for a long time and in uttermost circumstances. The Project led by him started in April, 2019 and ended in October, 2019. Though almost everyone had disbelieved him and his project, at the end he was able to complete his target in just six months and six days. He broke six world records after the completion of Project Possible.[1] The details about Project Possible have been documented as a Netflix documentary named 14 Peaks: Nothing Is Impossible. The documentary was launched on 29 November, 2021. Even after completing such a project, he didn’t stop. In January, 2021, he went to make another history by climbing K2, second highest mountain of Earth, in harsh weather conditions during winter. For his achievements, The Guiness World Record has awarded him 4 awards and his documentary has been nominated in Outstanding Music Composition in Emmy Awards.[3] [4] Purja has contributed a lot for the recognition of Nepal and Sherpas who climb the mountains, and he is continuing to do so.
References:
1. Pelling, Oliver, “Meet the man who climbed 14 mountains in six months and stunned the world”, Red Bull, 27th September, 2019
2. Bliss, Dominic, “How a Nepali climber with a "freakish physiology" stormed the world of high-altitude mountaineering”, Adventure, National Geographic, 12th January, 2021
3. “Nirmal Purja's 'Fourteen Peaks' nominated for Emmy Awards”, Entertainment and Lifestyle, Nepal News, 14th, July 2022
4. “Mountaineer Nirmal Purja bags four GWR awards”, Republica, 22nd March, 2022
राेबाेट मानवले बनाएकाे एक महत्त्वपूर्ण अपलब्धि मानिन्छ । विज्ञानले बनाएकाे चमत्कारी उदाहरण पनि हाे । अहिलेको प्राविधिक युगमा प्रविधिकाे विकासले सामान्य मानिसको जीवनमा पनि अत्यन्त ठूलो प्रभाव पारेको छ । यसले हाम्रो दैनिक क्रियाकलापमा पनि प्रभाव पारेको छ । हामी सबैलाई थाहा नै भएको कुरा हो, प्रविधिकाे विकासले हाम्रो काम सहज, सरल र छरिताे बनाउने गर्दछ । विज्ञानकाे विकास यति छिटो भइरहेको छ कि अहिले केही क्षेत्रमा भने मानवले बनाएका रोबोटहरूले काम गरिरहेका छन् । यसले मानिसहरूको काम सहज बनाउँछ र अरू क्षेत्रमा विकास गर्न समय दिन्छ । तर, के यो राम्रो कुरा हो त ? मेरो विचारमा त हैन किनकि, यस्ता आविष्कारहरूले काम गर्न त सहज बनाउँछन्, तर कयौँ मानिसहरूको जीविकोपार्जन गर्ने बाटो बन्द गरिदिन्छन् । प्रविधिकाे विकासलाई मैले नराम्रो भन्न खोजेको हैन । यस्तो काममा रोबोटहरूकाे प्रयाेग गर्नु राम्रो हैन । अहिलेको समयमा मानवले रोबोट मानिसदेखि कुकुरसम्म बनाएका छन् । यी रोबोटहरू मानव जसरी कुरा मात्र नभएर गणितका कठिन कठिन प्रश्नहरूका पनि सजिलैसँग उत्तर दिन सक्छन् । यस्ता कुरा आजकाे समयमा राम्रा देखिए पनि विज्ञानको गतिशिल विकासका कारणले यी रोबोटहरूले केही वर्षको अवधिमा मानिसले गर्ने सबै कामहरू यिनीहरूले नै गर्छन् । यसरी रोबोटले काम गर्न सके भने रोबोटले आफैेँ अर्को रोबोट बनाउन सक्छन् । रोबोटले आफूजस्तै अरू रोबोट बनाउन सके मानवले रोबोटलाई नियन्त्रणमा राख्न सक्दैन । रोबोटमा यदि चेतनाको विकास भयाे भने रोबोटहरू मानव नियन्त्रणमा रहन सक्दैनन् । यिनीहरूले मानिसहरूमाथि प्रहार पनि गर्न सक्छन् । यसले गर्दा मानव जाति अन्त्यको एक कारण हुन सक्छ। त्यसैले मेरो विचारमा मानिसले रोबोट बनाए पनि यसको अत्याधिक प्रयोग नगरी आवश्यकताका आधारमा यसको उत्पादन गर्नुपर्छ ।
