Written by: Emi Gurung - 23022, Grade XII
Posted on: 07 November, 2022
A bacterium from the family Archaea, which is incapable of properly metabolizing sugars, ate another bacterial cell that was able to convert sugars into water and carbon dioxide between one and two billion years ago. In situations like this, the first cell typically digests the bacterial cell through a process called endocytosis, but this time, the cell that was eaten survived. Additionally, the bacterial cell began supplying the first cell with nutrients, which facilitated the first cell's faster growth and reproduction. The bacterial cell gradually shrunk and lost most of its capabilities, with the exception of its capacity to produce energy. Finally, it appeared as though there was just one cell. Our ancestor, as well as the ancestor of all the animals, plants, fungi, and protists, was the cells that consumed the bacterial cell. Approximately 1970, a British scientist Lynn Margulis made a discovery and attempted to publish it. The first 15 scientific publications she sent her manuscript to denied it. The concept was simply too bold. It took almost 10 years for the concept to gain widespread acceptance. Her discovery is now regarded as one of the most significant in the 20th century. This procedure is known as endosymbiosis.
Unlike the exterior membranes of eukarya, mitochondria have membranes similar to those of contemporary bacteria. Even more amazing, mitochondria manufacture their own proteins thanks to their own DNA. It appears that some extra bacterial genes were integrated into the DNA of our nucleus. They are distinguishable because they resemble certain living bacteria called Paracoccus denitrificans. But there's more. The same thing happened once more. A eukaryote gulped a cyanobacteria having the capacity to turn light into nourishment. The cell inside a cell is called a plastid. This clearly happened numerous times. A few of those times, a eukaryote gulped another eukaryote making a cell inside a cell inside a cell. All plants and green growth slip from the eukaryote that gulped a cyanobacteria.But there's more. The same thing happened once more. A eukaryote gulped a cyanobacteria having the capacity to turn light into nourishment. The cell inside a cell is called a plastid. This clearly happened numerous times. A few of those times, a eukaryote gulped another eukaryote making a cell inside a cell inside a cell. All plants and green growth slip from the eukaryote that gulped a cyanobacteria.
